BREXIT’İN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN GENİŞLEME POLİTİKASI VE AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI’NA ETKİLERİ

Öz

Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) Genişleme Politikası ve Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası, Birliğin etkili dış politika araçlarıdır ve mevcut durumda kimi zaman AB’nin derinleşme sorunları yanında, ekonomik krizin etkileri, göç, terörizm ve günümüzde gözardı edilemeyen bir unsur olan kamuoyunun etkisiyle eleştiriye uğramaktadır. Bu durumda Brexit, söz konusu politikaları etkileyen yeni bir faktör olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hükümetlerarası niteliği haiz AB dış politikasının Ekim 2019 tarihinde gerçekleşen Zirvede, genişleme politikası ile ilgili kararlarda da görüldüğü üzere Fransa-Almanya ekseninde belirlenecek olması Brexit ile daha belirgin hale gelmiştir. Brexit etkisi ile ortaya çıkabilecek sonuçlar ve kamuoyunun özellikle genişleme politikasına olumsuz bakışı, bu politika kapsamındaki ülkelerin zaten kırılgan olan siyasi ve ekonomik yapısının etkilenmesine neden olabilir. Ancak, Brexit sonrasında da AB’nin geleceği ve farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon tartışmalarının AB genişleme ve komşuluk politikasını belirlemeye devam edeceğini söylemek mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası
• Brexit
• Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon
• Genişleme

Impact of Brexit on the Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policies of the EU

Öz

Enlargement Policy and the European Neighbourhood Policy are effective foreign policy instruments of the European Union (EU) and currently these policies have been subject to criticisms from time to time due to the EU’s deepening problems, impact of the economic crisis, migration, terrorism and the public opinion which is currently hard to ignore. Therefore, Brexit emerges as a new factor that affect these policies. With Brexit, it became evident that the EU foreign policy which carries intergovernmental characteristics will be decided through the France-Germany axis as witnessed in the October 2019 Summit’s enlargement policy related decisions. Consequences of Brexit and the negative approach of the European public opinion towards these policies may have negative impacts on the enlargement and the neighbourhood countries which already have fragile economic and political structures. However, it is possible to mention that the future of the EU and the differentiated integration debates will continue to determine the enlargement and neighbourhood policies of the EU after Brexit.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Neighbourhood Policy
• Brexit
• Differentiated Integration
• Enlargement

Kaynakça

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