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Brexit’in AB’nin Dünyadaki Güvenlik ve Savunma Aktörlüğüne Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 , 291 - 324, 13.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.979261

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Brexit’in AB’nin güvenlik ve savunma aktörlüğü üzerindeki etkilerini irdelemektir. Makale, Bretherton ve Vogler’in “küresel aktörlük” anlayışından yola çıkarak, önce Brexit’in siyasi ve güvenlik ile ilgili etkilerine bakmakta, sonra savunma etkilerini değerlendirmektedir. Makalenin ana argümanı Brexit’in AB’nin güvenlik ve savunma aktörlüğünü uluslararası varlığı açısından (diplomatik ağırlık ve temsil boyutlarıyla) olumsuz etkilediği, ancak, bu her ne kadar askeri gücü yüksek bir üye ülkenin kaybı anlamına gelse de, Birliğin savunma kabiliyetleri açısından uzun vadede çok da zararlı olmayabileceğidir.

Kaynakça

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THE IMPLICATIONS OF BREXIT FOR THE EU’S SECURITY AND DEFENCE ACTORNESS IN THE WORLD

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 , 291 - 324, 13.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.979261

Öz

This article aims to elucidate the implications of Brexit for the EU’s security and defence actorness. Building on Bretherton and Vogler’s conception of “global actorness”, it inquires first, into political and security implications, and, second, into defence implications. It argues that Brexit affects the EU’s security and defence actorness negatively in terms of its presence (its diplomatic weight and representation) whereas the impact on the Union’s defence capabilities might not be detrimental in the long run, despite the loss a Member State with significant military power.

Kaynakça

  • Amies, Nick. “Asia Pacific region becomes main focus of US foreign policy”, Deutsche Welle, November 17, 2011. Accessed on April 23, 2019. https://www.dw.com/en/asia-pacific-region-becomes-main-focus-of-usforeign-policy/a-15522953.
  • Angelini, Lorenzo. Brexit is an opportunity for EU defence policy”, EU Observer, July 8, 2016. Accessed on April 23, 2020, https://euobserver.com/opinion/134256
  • Axe, David. “Commentary: What the U.S. should learn from Britain’s dying navy”, Reuters, 14 (October 2016). Accessed on August 30. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uk-military-navy-commentaryidUSKCN10L1AD.
  • Bakker, Anne and Margriet Drent and Dick Zandee. “European defence: how to engage the UK after Brexit?”, Clingendael Report, 15 (July 2017). Accessed on May 19, 2019. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/Report_European_defence_after_Brexit.pdf.
  • Biscop, Sven. “Brexit, Strategy, and the EU: Britain Takes Leave”, Egmont Papers 100, (2018), 10-11
  • Biscop, Sven.“All or nothing? The EU Global Strategy and defence policy after the Brexit”, Contemporary Security Policy 37, no 3 (2016): 431–445
  • Bretherton, Charlotte and John Vogler. “A Global Actor Past Its Peak?”, International Relations 27, no 3, 375–390.
  • Bretherton, Charlotte and John Vogler. The European Union as a Global Actor, London and New York: Routledge, 1999.
  • Bretherton, Charlotte and John Vogler. The European Union as a Global Actor, London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Cebeci, Münevver. “NATO-EU Cooperation and Turkey”, Turkish Policy Quarterly 10, no 3 (2011): 93-103. Accessed on April 20, 2019. http://www.turkishpolicy.com/dosyalar/files/Munevver%20Cebeci(1).pdf
  • Chalmers, Malcolm. “Brexit and European Security”, RUSI Briefing Paper, February 2018. Accessed on October 29, 2019, https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/20180223_malcolm_brexit_security_v4.pdf.
  • Collier, David. “Understanding Process Tracing”, Political Science and Politics 44, no 4 (2011): 823–30.
  • Council of the European Union. “Council conclusions on Security and Defence in the context of the EU Global Strategy - Council conclusions (19 November 2018)”, Brussels, 13978/18, November 19, 2018. Accessed on October 25, 2020, https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13978-2018-INIT/en/pdf.
  • Duke, Simon. “Capabilities and CSDP: resourcing political will or paper armies?”, in Research Handbook on the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy, ed.s Steven Blockmans and Panos Koutrakos, 154–81. Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
  • Élysée. “Meseberg Declaration - Renewing Europe’s promises of security and prosperity”, June 19, 2018. Accessed on October 29, 2019, https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2018/06/19/meseberg-declarationrenewing-europes-promises-of-security-and-prosperity.en.
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  • European Commission. “State of the Union Address 2016: Towards a better Europe - a Europe that protects, empowers and defends”, September 14, 2016. Accessed on October 29, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_16_3043.
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  • Faleg, Giovanni.“The Implications of Brexit for the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy”. CEPS Policy Contribution, July 26, 2016. Accessed on August 15, 2019. https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/implications-brexit-euscommon-security-and-defence-policy/.
  • France 24. “Nine EU countries sign up for European military intervention plan”, June 25, 2018. Accessed on October 25, 2019. https://www.france24.com/en/20180625-nine-eu-countries-sign-europeanmilitary-intervention-plan.
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  • Giegerich, Bastian and Christian Mölling. “The United Kingdom’s contribution to European security and defence”, DGAP External Publications, February 7, 2018. Accessed on October 20, 2020. https://dgap.org/system/files/article_pdfs/the_united_kingdoms_contribution_to_european_security_and_defence.pdf.
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  • Heisbourg, François. “Europe's Defence: Revisiting the Impact of Brexit”, Survival 60, no 6 (2018): 17–26.
  • Hill, Christopher. “The Capability-Expectations Gap, or Conceptualizing Europe's International Role”, Journal of Common Market Studies 31, no 3 (1993): 305–328.
  • Iso-Markku, Tuomas and Gisela Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet. “Towards German leadership? Germany’s Evolving Role and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy”, German Politics 29, no 1 (2020): 59–78.
  • “Joint Declaration on European Defence”, Joint Declaration of the Heads of State and Government of France and the United Kingdom issued at the British-French summit, St Malo, 3-4 December 1998, https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2008/3/31/f3cd16fb-fc37-4d52-936fc8e9bc80f24f/publishable_en.pdf.
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  • Lindstrom, Gustav. “Enter the Battle Groups”, Chaillot Papers 97 (February 2007).
  • Mauro, Frédéric. “The European Intervention Initiative: Why we should listen to German Chancellor Merkel”, IRIS Tribune, July 16, 2018. Accessed on October 29, 2019, https://www.iris-france.org/115776-the-european-interventioninitiative-why-we-should-listen-to-german-chancellor-merkel/.
  • Major, Claudia and Alicia von Voss. “European Defence in View of Brexit”, SWP Comments 10, April 2017. Accessed on October 25, 2019, https://www.swpberlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2017C10_mjr_vos.pdf.
  • Major, Claudia and Christian Mölling. “Brexit, Security and Defence: A political problem, not a military one”, UI Brief 3, 2017.
  • Major, Claudia and Christian Mölling. “Franco-German Differences Over Defense Make Europe Vulnerable”, Judy Dempsey’s Strategic Europe, March 29, 2018. Accessed on August 30, 2019, https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/75937
  • Martill, Benjamin, and Monika Sus. “Post-Brexit EU/UK security cooperation: NATO, CSDP+, or ‘French connection’?”, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 20, no 4 (2018): 846–63.
  • NATO. “Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2019)”, Press Release, November 29, 2019. Accessed on April 23, 2020. https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2019_11/20191129_pr2019-123-en.pdf.
  • Reuters. “Britain confirms withdrawal from EU military missions, diplomats say”, October 21, 2020. Accessed on October 29, 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-defence-idUSKBN2761VU.
  • Shea, Jamie. “European Defence After Brexit: A Plus or a Minus?”, European View 19, no 1 (2020): 88–94
  • Sjöstedt, Gunnar. The External Role of the European Community. Westmead: Saxon House, 1977.
  • The Federal Government. “The White Paper on German Security Policy and the Future of the Bundeswehr”, July 13, 2020. Accessed on October 29, 2020. https://issat.dcaf.ch/download/111704/2027268/2016%20White%20Paper.pdf.
  • The UK Ministry of Defence, “UK Defence in Numbers – 2019”, (2019). Accessed on April 23, 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/869612/20200227_CH_UK_Defence_in_Numbers_2019.pd f.
  • The White House. “Remarks by President Trump at NATO Unveiling of the Article 5 and Berlin Wall Memorials – Brussels, Belgium”, May 25, 2017. Accessed on April 24, 2019. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarkspresident-trump-nato-unveiling-article-5-berlin-wall-memorials-brusselsbelgium/.
  • Turpin, Lee David. “UK-EU Military Cooperation and Brexit from a Neoclassical Realist Perspective: No Big Deal?”, in Peace, Security and Defence Cooperation in Post-Brexit Europe – Risks and Opportunities, ed.s Cornelia-Adriana Baciu and John Doyle, 3–27. Cham: Springer Nature, 2019.
  • Waever, Ole. “Securitization and Desecuritization”, in On Security, ed. Ronnie D. Lipshutz, 46–86. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
  • Waever, Ole. “Integration as security – Constructing a Europe at Peace”, in Atlantic Security – Contending Visions, ed. Charles A. Kupchan, 45–63. New York: Council of Foreign Relations, 1998.
  • Waever, Ole. “The EU as a security actor – Reflections from a pessimistic constructivist on post-sovereign security orders” in International Relations Theory and the Politics of European Integration – Power, Security and Community, ed. Morten Kelstrup, and Michael C. Williams, 250–294. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.
  • Waterfield, Bruno. “Britain blocks EU plans for 'operational military headquarters’”, The Telegraph, July 18, 2011. Accessed on April 23, 2019. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/8645749/Britainblocks-EU-plans-for-operational-military-headquarters.html.
  • Whitman, Richard. “Defence on the Brexit frontline”, Open Democracy, March 11, 2016. Accessed on April 23, 2019. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/brexitdivisions/defence-on-brexit-frontline/.
  • Zandee, Dick and Kimberley Kruijver. “The European Intervention Initiative Developing a shared strategic culture for European defence”, Clingendael Report, (September 2019). Accessed on October 29, 2019. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/The_European_Intervention_2019.pdf.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Münevver Cebecı Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4205-8924

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 20

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Cebecı, Münevver. “THE IMPLICATIONS OF BREXIT FOR THE EU’S SECURITY AND DEFENCE ACTORNESS IN THE WORLD”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 20, Ağustos (Ağustos 2021): 291-324. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.979261.

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Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi (AAÇD) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.