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Brexit’in AB’nin Dünyadaki Güvenlik ve Savunma Aktörlüğüne Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 , 291 - 324, 13.08.2021

Münevver Cebecı

https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.979261
Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Brexit’in AB’nin güvenlik ve savunma aktörlüğü üzerindeki etkilerini irdelemektir. Makale, Bretherton ve Vogler’in “küresel aktörlük” anlayışından yola çıkarak, önce Brexit’in siyasi ve güvenlik ile ilgili etkilerine bakmakta, sonra savunma etkilerini değerlendirmektedir. Makalenin ana argümanı Brexit’in AB’nin güvenlik ve savunma aktörlüğünü uluslararası varlığı açısından (diplomatik ağırlık ve temsil boyutlarıyla) olumsuz etkilediği, ancak, bu her ne kadar askeri gücü yüksek bir üye ülkenin kaybı anlamına gelse de, Birliğin savunma kabiliyetleri açısından uzun vadede çok da zararlı olmayabileceğidir.

Kaynakça

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  • Biscop, Sven.“All or nothing? The EU Global Strategy and defence policy after the Brexit”, Contemporary Security Policy 37, no 3 (2016): 431–445
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THE IMPLICATIONS OF BREXIT FOR THE EU’S SECURITY AND DEFENCE ACTORNESS IN THE WORLD

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 , 291 - 324, 13.08.2021

Münevver Cebecı

https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.979261
Cited By: 1

Öz

This article aims to elucidate the implications of Brexit for the EU’s security and defence actorness. Building on Bretherton and Vogler’s conception of “global actorness”, it inquires first, into political and security implications, and, second, into defence implications. It argues that Brexit affects the EU’s security and defence actorness negatively in terms of its presence (its diplomatic weight and representation) whereas the impact on the Union’s defence capabilities might not be detrimental in the long run, despite the loss a Member State with significant military power.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brexit European Union global actorness Common Security and Defence Policy

Kaynakça

  • Amies, Nick. “Asia Pacific region becomes main focus of US foreign policy”, Deutsche Welle, November 17, 2011. Accessed on April 23, 2019. https://www.dw.com/en/asia-pacific-region-becomes-main-focus-of-usforeign-policy/a-15522953.
  • Angelini, Lorenzo. Brexit is an opportunity for EU defence policy”, EU Observer, July 8, 2016. Accessed on April 23, 2020, https://euobserver.com/opinion/134256
  • Axe, David. “Commentary: What the U.S. should learn from Britain’s dying navy”, Reuters, 14 (October 2016). Accessed on August 30. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uk-military-navy-commentaryidUSKCN10L1AD.
  • Bakker, Anne and Margriet Drent and Dick Zandee. “European defence: how to engage the UK after Brexit?”, Clingendael Report, 15 (July 2017). Accessed on May 19, 2019. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/Report_European_defence_after_Brexit.pdf.
  • Biscop, Sven. “Brexit, Strategy, and the EU: Britain Takes Leave”, Egmont Papers 100, (2018), 10-11
  • Biscop, Sven.“All or nothing? The EU Global Strategy and defence policy after the Brexit”, Contemporary Security Policy 37, no 3 (2016): 431–445
  • Bretherton, Charlotte and John Vogler. “A Global Actor Past Its Peak?”, International Relations 27, no 3, 375–390.
  • Bretherton, Charlotte and John Vogler. The European Union as a Global Actor, London and New York: Routledge, 1999.
  • Bretherton, Charlotte and John Vogler. The European Union as a Global Actor, London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Cebeci, Münevver. “NATO-EU Cooperation and Turkey”, Turkish Policy Quarterly 10, no 3 (2011): 93-103. Accessed on April 20, 2019. http://www.turkishpolicy.com/dosyalar/files/Munevver%20Cebeci(1).pdf
  • Chalmers, Malcolm. “Brexit and European Security”, RUSI Briefing Paper, February 2018. Accessed on October 29, 2019, https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/20180223_malcolm_brexit_security_v4.pdf.
  • Collier, David. “Understanding Process Tracing”, Political Science and Politics 44, no 4 (2011): 823–30.
  • Council of the European Union. “Council conclusions on Security and Defence in the context of the EU Global Strategy - Council conclusions (19 November 2018)”, Brussels, 13978/18, November 19, 2018. Accessed on October 25, 2020, https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13978-2018-INIT/en/pdf.
  • Duke, Simon. “Capabilities and CSDP: resourcing political will or paper armies?”, in Research Handbook on the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy, ed.s Steven Blockmans and Panos Koutrakos, 154–81. Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
  • Élysée. “Meseberg Declaration - Renewing Europe’s promises of security and prosperity”, June 19, 2018. Accessed on October 29, 2019, https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2018/06/19/meseberg-declarationrenewing-europes-promises-of-security-and-prosperity.en.
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  • European Commission. “Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union”, Official Journal of the European Union, C 326/1, October 26, 2012.
  • European Commission. “Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/1639 of 5 November 2020 establishing the general conditions under which third States could exceptionally be invited to participate in individual PESCO projects”, Official Journal of the European Union, November 6, 2020. Accessed on November 14, 2020. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2020/1639/oj.
  • European Commission. “European Defence Fund”, Factsheet, March 19, 2019. Accessed on October 29, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/34509/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/native.
  • European Commission. “State of the Union 2018 – The Hour of European Sovereignty”, September 12, 2018. Accessed on May 19, 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/soteu2018-speech_en.pdf.
  • European Commission. “State of the Union Address 2016: Towards a better Europe - a Europe that protects, empowers and defends”, September 14, 2016. Accessed on October 29, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_16_3043.
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  • European Defence Agency. “Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD)”, 2020: Accessed on April 23, 2020. https://www.eda.europa.eu/what-we-do/ourcurrent-priorities/coordinated-annual-review-on-defence-(card).
  • European Defence Agency. “Finance”, 2020. Accessed on October 29, 2020. https://eda.europa.eu/Aboutus/who-we-are/Finance.
  • European External Action Service. “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe – A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy”, June 2016. Accessed on August 30, 2016. https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf.
  • European External Action Service. “The Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC)”, November 2018. Accessed on May 19, 2019. https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/mpcc_factsheet_november_2018.pdf.
  • European External Action Service. “Permanent Structured Cooperation – PESCO”, Factsheet, June 2018. Accessed on August 13, 2018. https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/pesco_factsheet_22-06-2018_2.pdf.
  • European External Action Service. “The European Union’s Global Strategy: three years on, looking forward”, June 2019. Accessed on October 29, 2019. https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eu_global_strategy_2019.pdf.
  • European External Action Service. “Permanent Structured Cooperation – PESCO”, Factsheet, November 2020. Accessed on November 27, 2020. https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/pesco_factsheet_2020-11-9-version-20-nov.pdf.
  • European Parliament. “CSDP after Brexit: the way forward”, Study, May 2018. Accessed on April 2020. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/603852/EXPO_STU(2018)603852_EN.pdf.
  • European Union Institute for Security Studies – EU-ISS. “Franco-British Summit – Le Touquet, 4 February 2003”, From Copenhagen to Brussels - European defence: core documents, Volume IV, Chaillot Papers 67 (December 2003): 36-39.
  • European University Institute. “Address – European University Institute's State of the Union”, The State of the Union – Keynote Speeches, May 14, 2018. Accessed on October 20, 2019, https://sou-pasteditions.eui.eu/wpcontent/uploads/sites/9/2018/05/SpeechMogherini.pdf.
  • Faleg, Giovanni.“The Implications of Brexit for the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy”. CEPS Policy Contribution, July 26, 2016. Accessed on August 15, 2019. https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/implications-brexit-euscommon-security-and-defence-policy/.
  • France 24. “Nine EU countries sign up for European military intervention plan”, June 25, 2018. Accessed on October 25, 2019. https://www.france24.com/en/20180625-nine-eu-countries-sign-europeanmilitary-intervention-plan.
  • France Diplomacy. “President Macron’s Initiative for Europe: A sovereign, united, democratic Europe”, September 26, 2017. Accessed on October 25, 2019. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreignpolicy/europe/news/article/president-macron-s-initiative-for-europe-asovereign-united-democratic-europe.
  • George, Alexander L. and Andrew Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
  • Giegerich, Bastian and Christian Mölling. “The United Kingdom’s contribution to European security and defence”, DGAP External Publications, February 7, 2018. Accessed on October 20, 2020. https://dgap.org/system/files/article_pdfs/the_united_kingdoms_contribution_to_european_security_and_defence.pdf.
  • Gov.uk. “PM Speech at Munich Security Conference”, February 17, 2018. Accessed on October 20, 2019, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-speech-atmunich-security-conference-17-february-2018.
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  • Heisbourg, François. “Brexit and European Security”, Survival 58, no 3 (2016): 13-22.
  • Heisbourg, François. “Europe's Defence: Revisiting the Impact of Brexit”, Survival 60, no 6 (2018): 17–26.
  • Hill, Christopher. “The Capability-Expectations Gap, or Conceptualizing Europe's International Role”, Journal of Common Market Studies 31, no 3 (1993): 305–328.
  • Iso-Markku, Tuomas and Gisela Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet. “Towards German leadership? Germany’s Evolving Role and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy”, German Politics 29, no 1 (2020): 59–78.
  • “Joint Declaration on European Defence”, Joint Declaration of the Heads of State and Government of France and the United Kingdom issued at the British-French summit, St Malo, 3-4 December 1998, https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2008/3/31/f3cd16fb-fc37-4d52-936fc8e9bc80f24f/publishable_en.pdf.
  • Körber-Stiftung. “Einmischen oder zurückhalten? Eine repräsentative Umfrage im Auftrag der Körber-Stiftung zur Sicht der Deutschen auf die Außenpolitik”, (2019), https://www.koerber-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/koerberstiftung/redaktion/handlungsfeld_internationaleverstaendigung/pdf/2019/Umfrage_Einmischen_oder_zuru__ckhalten.pdf.
  • Lindstrom, Gustav. “Enter the Battle Groups”, Chaillot Papers 97 (February 2007).
  • Mauro, Frédéric. “The European Intervention Initiative: Why we should listen to German Chancellor Merkel”, IRIS Tribune, July 16, 2018. Accessed on October 29, 2019, https://www.iris-france.org/115776-the-european-interventioninitiative-why-we-should-listen-to-german-chancellor-merkel/.
  • Major, Claudia and Alicia von Voss. “European Defence in View of Brexit”, SWP Comments 10, April 2017. Accessed on October 25, 2019, https://www.swpberlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2017C10_mjr_vos.pdf.
  • Major, Claudia and Christian Mölling. “Brexit, Security and Defence: A political problem, not a military one”, UI Brief 3, 2017.
  • Major, Claudia and Christian Mölling. “Franco-German Differences Over Defense Make Europe Vulnerable”, Judy Dempsey’s Strategic Europe, March 29, 2018. Accessed on August 30, 2019, https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/75937
  • Martill, Benjamin, and Monika Sus. “Post-Brexit EU/UK security cooperation: NATO, CSDP+, or ‘French connection’?”, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 20, no 4 (2018): 846–63.
  • NATO. “Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2019)”, Press Release, November 29, 2019. Accessed on April 23, 2020. https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2019_11/20191129_pr2019-123-en.pdf.
  • Reuters. “Britain confirms withdrawal from EU military missions, diplomats say”, October 21, 2020. Accessed on October 29, 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-defence-idUSKBN2761VU.
  • Shea, Jamie. “European Defence After Brexit: A Plus or a Minus?”, European View 19, no 1 (2020): 88–94
  • Sjöstedt, Gunnar. The External Role of the European Community. Westmead: Saxon House, 1977.
  • The Federal Government. “The White Paper on German Security Policy and the Future of the Bundeswehr”, July 13, 2020. Accessed on October 29, 2020. https://issat.dcaf.ch/download/111704/2027268/2016%20White%20Paper.pdf.
  • The UK Ministry of Defence, “UK Defence in Numbers – 2019”, (2019). Accessed on April 23, 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/869612/20200227_CH_UK_Defence_in_Numbers_2019.pd f.
  • The White House. “Remarks by President Trump at NATO Unveiling of the Article 5 and Berlin Wall Memorials – Brussels, Belgium”, May 25, 2017. Accessed on April 24, 2019. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarkspresident-trump-nato-unveiling-article-5-berlin-wall-memorials-brusselsbelgium/.
  • Turpin, Lee David. “UK-EU Military Cooperation and Brexit from a Neoclassical Realist Perspective: No Big Deal?”, in Peace, Security and Defence Cooperation in Post-Brexit Europe – Risks and Opportunities, ed.s Cornelia-Adriana Baciu and John Doyle, 3–27. Cham: Springer Nature, 2019.
  • Waever, Ole. “Securitization and Desecuritization”, in On Security, ed. Ronnie D. Lipshutz, 46–86. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
  • Waever, Ole. “Integration as security – Constructing a Europe at Peace”, in Atlantic Security – Contending Visions, ed. Charles A. Kupchan, 45–63. New York: Council of Foreign Relations, 1998.
  • Waever, Ole. “The EU as a security actor – Reflections from a pessimistic constructivist on post-sovereign security orders” in International Relations Theory and the Politics of European Integration – Power, Security and Community, ed. Morten Kelstrup, and Michael C. Williams, 250–294. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.
  • Waterfield, Bruno. “Britain blocks EU plans for 'operational military headquarters’”, The Telegraph, July 18, 2011. Accessed on April 23, 2019. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/8645749/Britainblocks-EU-plans-for-operational-military-headquarters.html.
  • Whitman, Richard. “Defence on the Brexit frontline”, Open Democracy, March 11, 2016. Accessed on April 23, 2019. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/brexitdivisions/defence-on-brexit-frontline/.
  • Zandee, Dick and Kimberley Kruijver. “The European Intervention Initiative Developing a shared strategic culture for European defence”, Clingendael Report, (September 2019). Accessed on October 29, 2019. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/The_European_Intervention_2019.pdf.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Münevver Cebecı Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4205-8924

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 20

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Cebecı, Münevver. “THE IMPLICATIONS OF BREXIT FOR THE EU’S SECURITY AND DEFENCE ACTORNESS IN THE WORLD”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 20, Ağustos (Ağustos 2021): 291-324. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.979261.

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Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.1301178