THE UNFAIR TERMS DIRECTIVE LEFT BEHIND ITS 30 YEARS: QUO VADIS?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Hale Şahin

https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1466085

Öz

The Unfair Terms Directive came into force on 5 April 1993. The Directive has two objectives: the effective protection of consumers and contributing to the establishment of the internal market through minimum harmonization. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has shaped the application of the Directive in national laws with the preliminary ruling procedure. However, the CJEU has refrained from determining specific criteria for the unfair contract terms by ultimately leaving the evaluation of these terms’ existence in the pending case to the national courts. Thus, the enforcement of the Directive diverges among member states. Additionally, the CJEU’s interpretation of the legal sanction of unfair contract terms results in the same conclusion. This article addresses the objectives and the scope of the Directive, explores the CJEU’s case law on the Directive, and examines whether the CJEU’s case law complies with the Directive’s purposes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Individual negotiation, unfair contract terms, transparency requirements, harmonization, The Court of Justice of the European Union

YÜRÜRLÜĞE GİRİŞİNİN OTUZUNCU YILINI GERİDE BIRAKAN 93/13/EEC SAYILI AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ HAKSIZ ŞARTLAR DİREKTİFİ: QUO VADIS?

Öz

93/13/EEC sayılı Avrupa Birliği Haksız Şartlar Direktifi (Direktif), 5 Nisan 1993 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir. Direktif, tüketicilerin satıcı veya sağlayıcıların sunduğu ve taraflarca bireysel müzakere konusu edilmeyen sözleşme koşullarına karşı etkili bir şekilde korunması ve asgari uyumlaştırma yoluyla iç pazarın kurulmasına katkı sağlanması amacıyla öngörülmüştür. Direktif’in üye devletlerdeki uygulaması, Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı’nın (ABAD) ön karar prosedürüyle önüne gelen olaylarda verdiği kararlarla şekillenmektedir. Fakat, ABAD haksız şartlara ilişkin kesin kıstaslar belirlemekten kaçınmaktadır. Bunun yerine, ABAD, haksız şartlar hakkında karar verme işini iç hukuktaki düzenlemeleri dikkate almaları kaydıyla yerel mahkemelere bırakmaktadır. Fakat, üye devletlerin iç hukuk düzenlemeleri birbirinden farklı olduğu için üye devletlerde haksız şart teşkil eden sözleşme hükümleri yeknesak değildir. ABAD’ın haksız şart sayılan sözleşme hükümlerinin hukuki yaptırımına yönelik yorum faaliyeti de Direktif’in yeknesak biçimde uygulanmasını engellemektedir. Çalışmamızda Direktif’in amacı ve uygulama alanı hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra, ABAD kararları ışığında Direktif’in uygulaması üzerinde durulmuş ve Direktif’in uygulamasının bunun öngörülmesindeki amaçlara hizmet edip etmediği incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bireysel müzakere, haksız şartlar, saydamlık denetimi, yeknesaklık, ABAD

Kaynakça

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