Majestelerinin Sadık Askerleri: Çanakkale Cephesi’nde Büyük Britanya’ya Bağlı Birlikler

Yıl 2020, Cilt: XXXVI Sayı: 102, 77 - 106, 01.11.2020

Resul Babaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33419/aamd.815784

Cited By: 1

Öz

I. Dünya Savaşı’nın en kanlı safhasını teşkil eden Çanakkale
Cephesi’nin savaş tarihi açısından yol açtığı sonuçlar yerli ve yabancı
birçok araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Görünürde İtilaf ve İttifak blokları
arasında cereyan eden Çanakkale Cephesi’nin XX. yüzyılda yeni
bir görünüm kazanan ulusçu ve bağımsızlıkçı hareketlere ilham
kaynağı olduğu gerçeği ise tarih araştırmalarında genellikle göz ardı
edilen bir husustur. İngiliz kolonilerinden temin edilen Avustralya ve
Yeni Zelandalı askerlerin oluşturdukları ANZAC ordusu, İrlandalı
askerlerden kurulan 10. Tümen ve İskoç birliklerinden oluşan 52. Piyade
Tümeni Çanakkale Cephesi’nde çok kötü şartlar altında gerçekleşen
muharebelerde verilen görevleri yapmışlardır. Sözü edilen İngiltere’ye
bağlı birlikleri I. Dünya Savaşı’ndaki diğer cephelerde olduğu gibi
Çanakkale Cephesi’nde de motive eden hususlar; İngiliz Kraliyeti ’ne
karşı duyulan sadakat bağları, dinsel sorumluluklar ve siyasi ilişkiler
şeklinde sıralanabilir. Savaşın başlarında çok yoğun duygularla motive
olabilen askeri birlikler ve kolonilerdeki kamuoyu, cephede ağır
kayıplar verilmesinden sonra derin endişelere sürüklenmiştir. Cephede
verilen bu ağır kayıplar ve askerlerin içinde bulunduğu kötü koşullar
dönemin en etkili kitle iletişim aracı olan yazılı basın aracılığıyla
ilgili koloni toplumlarına iletilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak koloni birliklerinin Çanakkale Cephesi’ndeki faaliyetlerinin kendi
kamuoylarında nasıl takip edildiği ve hangi duyguları uyandırdığı
hususu üzerinde durulmuştur. Çanakkale Cephesi’nde muharebelerin
sürdüğü dönemde İngiliz yönetiminde olan koloni devletlerinde
yayınlanan gazete koleksiyonları üzerinde tarama yapılarak elde edilen
verilerin araştırma ve monografi eserleriyle karşılaştırılmasının, bu
çalışmanın temel hipotezini oluşturan İngiliz kolonilerinde savaş ve
uluslaşma arasındaki bağı ortaya koyabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kolonizasyon, Birleşik Krallık, I. Dünya Savaşı, Çanakkale Cephesi, Ulusçuluk

LOYAL SOLDIERS OF HER MAJESTY: GREAT BRITAIN TROOPS IN GALLIPOLI FRONT

Öz

The consequences of Gallipoli Front, which is the bloodiest
phase of World War I have been the subject of many national and
international researches. The fact that Gallipoli front has been a source
of inspiration for the nationalist and independence movement getting a
new look in the 20th century is an issue that is often ignored in historical
researches. ANZAC army formed by the troops of Australia and New
Zealand obtained from the British colonies, 10th division including
Irish soldiers and 52th infantry division consisting of Scottish troops
carried out the duties given in the battles that took place under very
bad conditions of Gallipoli front. Considerations that motivate the
aforesaid British regiments in Gallipoli Front as in other fronts of
World War I can be listed as fidelity bonds for the British Royal Family,
religious responsibilities and political relations. The troops and the
general public in colonies that may be motivated by intense feelings
too early in the war drifted into deep concern after suffering heavy
casualties in the front. These heavy losses suffered in the front and
the aggravated and poor conditions which the soldiers were in have
been forwarded to the related colonial societies through the written
press which was the most effective means of mass communication of
that period. In this study, it is mainly focused on the issues of how the
activities of colony unions in Gallipoli front were followed by their
own media and which emotions it aroused. It has been thought that the
data obtained by scanning the newspaper collections published in the
colonial state under the administration of British and comparing them
with the research and monographs works may demonstrate the link
between war and nation-building in the British colony which is the
underlying hypothesis of this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Colonization, United, Kingdom, World War I, Gallipoli Front, Nationalism

Kaynakça

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