Industrialization Policies in Turkey 1923-1980 Period

Öz

The Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923, faced many social and economic problems, especially inadequate industrialization. At the top of these problems was people mostly unqualified, poor and without the power to work, and a completely halted economic life. In the first years of the Republic, Turkey had a poor economy, dependent on foreign countries in every field. Under the leadership of Atatürk, the founding cadres of the Republic adopted policies that prioritize industrialization in order to create an independent national economy and rapid development. The policies followed in the industrialization process in Turkey between 1923-1980, showed significant qualitative differences in some periods according to historical conditions and economic-political preferences. In the first years of the Turkish Republic, as the industrialization policy, which based on the incentives of private enterprises, did not give the desired results, the economic policy of statism was adopted from the 1930s on. With the strengthening of liberal views in the 1950s, a radical transformation took place in economic policies. After 1960, five-year development plans covering the entire economy began implemented in Turkey. In this study, the industrialization policies of Turkey in the period of 1923-1980 discussed in three sub-periods as 1923-1950, 1950-1960 and 1960-1980 in terms of qualitative differences in approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Industrialization
• Industrialization Policy
• Development
• Statism

Kaynakça

1. Başol, K. (1983). Türkiye Ekonomisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Yayını. Yayın No: 2, İzmir. (Turkish Economy. Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Publication. Publication No: 2, İzmir.)
2. Göker. A. (1989). Türkiye'de Yatırım Alanlarına Yönelik Mühendislik Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Üretiminde Bugünkü Durum, TMMOB Makine Mühendisleri Odası 1989 Sanayi Kongresi Bildirileri I. MMO Yayını, Yayın No: 134/1, Bursa. (Current Situation in Production of Engineering Consultancy Services for Investment Areas in Turkey, TMMOB Chamber of Mechanical Engineers 1989 Industry Congress Proceedings I. MMO Publication, Publication No: 134/1, Bursa.)
3. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi-İTÜ, (1981). Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türk Sanayiinin Gelişmesi Sempozyumu, 23-26 Kasım 1981. İTÜ İnşaat Fakültesi Matbaası, İstanbul. (Symposium on the Development of Turkish Industry in the Republic Period, 23-26 November 1981. İstanbul Technical University İTU Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul.)
4. İşler, H. (1997). Sanayileşme İle Mesleki Teknik Eğitim Politikaları İlişkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü, Kamu Yönetimi Lisans Üstü Uzmanlık Programı, Ankara. (Relationship between Industrialization and Vocational Technical Education Policies. (Unpublished Master Thesis). Institute for Turkey and Middle East Public Administration, Public Administration Graduate Specialization Program, Ankara.)
5. Kazgan, G. (1985). Ekonomide Dışa Açık Büyüme. Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi, 1. Basım, İstanbul, Nisan. (Open Growth in Economy. Altın Books Publishing House, 1st Edition, Istanbul, April.)
6. Nedimoğlu, F. (1995). Gümrük Birliğine Hazırlık Sürecinde Türk Otomotiv Yan Sanayi Durum Değerlendirmesi. TMMOB 17 Kasım 1995 Sanayi Kongresine Doğru. MMO Yayını, Yayın No: 184, Ankara. (Turkish Automotive Supply Industry Situation Assessment in the Preparation Process for the Customs Union. TMMOB 17 November 1995. Towards the Industry Congress. MMO Publication, Publication No: 184, Ankara.)
7. Şenses, F. (1989). 1980 Sonrası Ekonomi Politikaları Işığında Türkiye'de Sanayileşme, Bugün ve Yarın. V Yayınları, Ankara, Aralık. (Industrialization in Turkey in the Light of Economic Policies after 1980, Today and Tomorrow. V Publications, Ankara, December.)
8. TMMOB Maden Mühendisleri Odası, (1993). Türkiye Madencilik Sektöründe Kriz ve Çözüm Yolları. 3. İzmir İktisat Kongresi Görüşler. DPT Yayını, Ankara. (TMMOB Union of Chambers of Engineers and Architects of Turkey, Chamber of Mining Engineers, (1993). Crisis and Solutions in the Turkish Mining Sector. 3. Izmir Economy Congress Opinions. DPT Publication, Ankara.)

9. Türkdoğan, O. (1981). Sanayi Sosyolojisi, Türkiye'nin Sanayileşmesi, Dün-Bugün-Yarın. Töre Devlet Yayınları. Yayın No: 54, Birinci Baskı, Ankara. (Industrial Sociology, Turkey's Industrialization, Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow. Töre Devlet Publications. Publication No: 54, First Edition, Ankara.)
10. Yaşa, M. (1993). Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ekonomisi 1923- 1978. Akbank Kültür Yayını, İstanbul. (Turkish Economy in the Republic Period 1923-1978. Akbank Culture Publication, Istanbul.)
11. Yentürk, N. (1991). Teknoloji Yoğun Mallar Açısından Türk Sanayiinin Rekabet Gücü, Gelişme Stratejileri ve Politika Önerileri. TMMOB Makine Mühendisleri Odası 1991 Sanayi Kongresi-Bildiriler Kitabı. MMO Yayını, Yayın No: 148/1 Ankara, Kasım. (Competitiveness of Turkish Industry in Terms of Technology-Intensive Goods, Development Strategies and Policy Recommendations. TMMOB Union of Chambers of Engineers and Architects of Turkey, Chamber of Mechanical Engineers 1991 Industry Congress-Proceedings. MMO Publication, Publication No: 148/1 Ankara.)
12. Yüce, U. (1992). İzmir İktisat Kongreleri ve Türkiye'nin Kalkınmasında Sanayileşme Zorunluluğu. 3. İzmir İktisat Kongresi 4-7 Haziran 1992 Görüşler. DPT Yayını, Ankara. (İzmir Economic Congresses and the Necessity of Industrialization in Turkey's Development. Third İzmir Economy Congress 4-7 June 1992 Views. DPT Publication, Ankara.)