Ideal Steganography Scenario: Calculation of Capacities of Carrier Images, OPA Method in Frequency-Based Steganography

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 12 - 21, 26.06.2018

Ferdi Sönmez , Faruk Takaoğlu Oğuz Kaynar

https://doi.org/10.30801/acin.358076

Öz

In this study, digital image steganography, a branch of
steganography, and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform,
frequency-based steganography methods that are a sub-branch of it, are
mentioned. Methods such as MSE (Mean Squared Error), PSNR (Peak Signal Noise
Ratio) which are performance calculation parameters of steganographic methods
are explained and the methods of calculating image capacity like KL-Divergence,
JS-Divergence and QTS (Quard Tree Segmentation) for increasing the values of
these parameters are mentioned. This study explains the OPAP (Optimum Pixel
Adjustment Process) method, which allows the existing capacity in the pictures
to be further increased, in detail and provides an ideal steganography
scenario. Here, we made use of the ability of the DWT to extract low frequency
and bands suitable for data hiding and the use of the LSB method by obtaining
the feature coefficients of DCT in these bands.. In addition, this scenario has
been tried and consequently reached the result that the images with higher data
concealment capacity than QTS have higher PSNR values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DCT, DWT, KL-Divergence, Jensen-Shannon Divergence, Information Technology Security, Data Security, Data Hiding, Frequency Based Steganography

İdeal Steganografi Senaryosu: Taşıyıcı Resimlerin Kapasitelerinin Hesaplanması, Frekans Tabanlı Steganografide OPA Yöntemi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, steganografi’nin bir dalı olan dijital
resim steganografisinden ve onun bir alt dalı olan frekans tabanlı steganografi
yöntemlerinden öne çıkan ikisi DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform - Ayrık Kosinüs
Dönüşümü) ve DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform - Kesikli Dalgacık Dönüşümü)’den
bahsedilmiştir. Steganografik yöntemlerin performans hesaplama parametreleri
olan MSE (Mean Squared Error, Ortalama Hata Kare), PSNR (Peak Signal Noise
Ratio - Doruk Sinyal Gürültü Oranı) gibi yöntemler açıklanmış ve bu
parametrelerin değerlerinin arttırılması için resim kapasitesi hesaplama
yöntemleri olan KL-Divergence, JS-Divergence ve QTS (Quard Tree Segmentation - Dörtlü
Ağaç Segmentasyonu)’den bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak resimlerdeki var olan
kapasitenin daha da arttırılmasını sağlayan OPAP (Optimum Pixel Adjustment
Process) yönteminden bahsedilmiş ve geliştirlmiş olan ideal bir steganografi
senaryosundan bahsedilmiştir. Burada, DWT’nin alçak frekanslı ve veri gizlemeye
müsait bandları çıkarma özelliği ve bu bandlarda DCT’nin öznitelik
katsayılarını elde ederek LSB (Least significant bit – En Öznemsiz Bit)
yöntemini uygulamasından faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmamızda ek olarak bu senaryonun
denemesi gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonuç olarak QTS’e göre daha yüksek veri gizleme
kapasitesi olan resimlerin daha yüksek PSNR değerleri verdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DCT, DWT, KL-Divergence, Jensen-Shannon Divergence, Information Technology Security, Data Security, Data Hiding, Frekans Tabanlı Steganografi

Kaynakça

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