Gossypiboma following lumbar microdiscectomy: a case report and review of the literature

Gossypiboma is a rare but serious postoperative complication caused by a retained surgical sponge or gauze. This study aims to raise awareness of gossypiboma in lumbar spinal surgery and highlight preventive strategies. We report a case of gossypiboma following a left L5-S1 microdiscectomy in a 55-year-old male patient with lower back pain radiating to the left leg and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left L5-S1 disc herniation. Microdiscectomy was performed, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 2 without complications. Two months later, erythema and purulent discharge developed at the wound site. Surgical exploration at another center revealed a retained surgical sponge without a radiopaque marker, which was removed. Following antibiotic therapy, the patient achieved full recovery. Gossypiboma is rare but preventable. It should be considered in cases of postoperative infection or unexplained mass. Prevention relies on the use of radiopaque surgical materials and strict adherence to counting protocols. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to complete recovery.