Araştırma Makalesi

PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS

Cilt: 9 6 Mart 2026
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PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS

Öz

Objective: Endothelial dysfunction is a central feature of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and is closely linked to oxidative stress–induced cellular injury. Excessive reactive oxygen species production disrupts endothelial viability, membrane integrity, and redox balance. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PD-EVs) have emerged as biocompatible nanovesicles with antioxidant potential; however, their effects on endothelial cells under oxidative stress remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of PD-EVs on endothelial cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide–induced oxidative stress. Methods: Extracellular vesicles were isolated from pomegranate, grape, and beetroot using differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by protein quantification, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and subsequently treated with individual or combined PD-EVs. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using CCK-8 and LDH assays. Antioxidant responses were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of GPX1 gene expression. Results: PD-EVs displayed nanoscale size and morphology consistent with extracellular vesicles. H₂O₂ exposure significantly reduced HUVEC viability and increased LDH release. PD-EV treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced cytotoxicity under oxidative stress, with beetroot-derived and combined EV formulations showing the strongest effects. GPX1 expression was suppressed by H₂O₂ but significantly restored following PD-EV treatment, indicating activation of an adaptive antioxidant response. Conclusion: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate oxidative endothelial injury by improving cell viability, preserving membrane integrity, and restoring GPX1-associated antioxidant defenses. These findings highlight PD-EVs as a promising biocompatible, cell-free strategy for protecting endothelial cells against oxidative stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, kamu ve ticari kuruluşlardan herhangi bir özel fon desteği almamıştır. Çalışma, Kocaeli Üniversitesi ve Bahçeşehir Koleji Kocaeli Kampüsü’nün altyapı desteği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemiştir, çünkü tüm deneyler ticari olarak temin edilebilen insan umbilikal ven endotel hücreleri (HUVEC) ve bitki kaynaklı materyaller kullanılarak in vitro olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya insan katılımcı veya hayvan dahil edilmemiştir.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, Kocaeli Üniversitesi ve Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Kocaeli Kampüsü'ne kurumsal destekleri için, Demet Mansuroğlu'na elektron mikroskobu analizleri için ve Tuğba Koldankaya'ya Zetasizer ölçümleri için teşekkür ederler.

Kaynakça

  1. An Y, Xu B tuo, Wan S rong, et al. The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1). doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01965-7
  2. Chen X, Zhang W, Sun L, Lian Y. Tectorigenin protect HUVECs from H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway. Tissue Cell. 2021;68. doi:10.1016/j.tice.2020.101475
  3. İnce MN, Deveci Özkan A, Bezdegümeli E, Men AY, Küçükakça BN, Güney Eskiler G. The role of MEG3 in the activation of Toll Like Receptor 3 in prostate cancer cells. Sakarya Med J. Published online April 19, 2021. doi:10.31832/smj.874417
  4. Kim J, Li S, Zhang S, Wang J. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their therapeutic activities. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2022;17(1):53-69. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.006
  5. Kim JS, Song BJ, Cho YE. Pomegranate-derived exosome-like nanovesicles containing ellagic acid alleviate gut leakage and liver injury in MASLD. Food Sci Nutr. 2025;13(4). doi:10.1002/fsn3.70088
  6. Korun ZEU, Halbutogullari ZS, Yazir Y, et al. Quercetin-loaded mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles enhance ovarian function in a cyclophosphamide induced ovarian damage. J Ovarian Res. 2025;18(1). doi:10.1186/s13048-025-01838-5
  7. Mahdipour E. Beta vulgaris juice contains biologically active exosome-like nanoparticles. Tissue Cell. 2022;76. doi:10.1016/j.tice.2022.101800
  8. Shaito A, Aramouni K, Assaf R, et al. Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022;27(3). doi:10.31083/j.fbl2703105

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Hücre Gelişimi, Proliferasyon ve Ölümü, Hücre Metabolizması

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

6 Mart 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

2 Şubat 2026

Kabul Tarihi

17 Şubat 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ünal Halbutoğulları, Z. S., Somuncu, N., Kir, R., Öncel Duman, B., Sağlam Uçar, Ö., Yılmaz, Y., & Gacar, G. (2026). PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS. Acta Medica Nicomedia, 9, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.53446/actamednicomedia.1880441
AMA
1.Ünal Halbutoğulları ZS, Somuncu N, Kir R, vd. PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS. Acta Med Nicomedia. 2026;9:1-7. doi:10.53446/actamednicomedia.1880441
Chicago
Ünal Halbutoğulları, Zehra Seda, Nisan Somuncu, Ramazan Kir, vd. 2026. “PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS”. Acta Medica Nicomedia 9 (Mart): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.53446/actamednicomedia.1880441.
EndNote
Ünal Halbutoğulları ZS, Somuncu N, Kir R, Öncel Duman B, Sağlam Uçar Ö, Yılmaz Y, Gacar G (01 Mart 2026) PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS. Acta Medica Nicomedia 9 1–7.
IEEE
[1]Z. S. Ünal Halbutoğulları vd., “PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS”, Acta Med Nicomedia, c. 9, ss. 1–7, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.53446/actamednicomedia.1880441.
ISNAD
Ünal Halbutoğulları, Zehra Seda - Somuncu, Nisan - Kir, Ramazan - Öncel Duman, Büşra - Sağlam Uçar, Özlem - Yılmaz, Yağmur - Gacar, Gülçin. “PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS”. Acta Medica Nicomedia 9 (01 Mart 2026): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.53446/actamednicomedia.1880441.
JAMA
1.Ünal Halbutoğulları ZS, Somuncu N, Kir R, Öncel Duman B, Sağlam Uçar Ö, Yılmaz Y, Gacar G. PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS. Acta Med Nicomedia. 2026;9:1–7.
MLA
Ünal Halbutoğulları, Zehra Seda, vd. “PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS”. Acta Medica Nicomedia, c. 9, Mart 2026, ss. 1-7, doi:10.53446/actamednicomedia.1880441.
Vancouver
1.Zehra Seda Ünal Halbutoğulları, Nisan Somuncu, Ramazan Kir, Büşra Öncel Duman, Özlem Sağlam Uçar, Yağmur Yılmaz, Gülçin Gacar. PLANT-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL VIABILITY AND REDUCE CYTOTOXICITY UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS. Acta Med Nicomedia. 01 Mart 2026;9:1-7. doi:10.53446/actamednicomedia.1880441

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