Meme Kanserinde Telomer Uzunluğu ve Önemi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 32 - 41, 20.02.2020

Ebubekir Dirican

Öz

Meme
kanseri kadınlar arasında kanserden ölümlerin en sık görüldüğü ve her yıl tüm
dünya genelinde yaklaşık 1.67 milyon yeni vakanın beklendiği ciddi bir sağlık
sorunu olarak günümüzde önem taşımaktadır. Meme kanserine yol açan faktörlerin
belirlenmesi ve doğru tanımlanması tanı ve tedavinin yanı sıra prognoz
açısından da önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalarda
meme kanserinin moleküler mekanizmaları arasında telomer uzunluğunun da önemli
rolleri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Telomerler telomeraz aktivitesiyle kromozom
uçlarını hasara karşı korur ve her hücre bölünmesi sırasında kısalır. Fakat
hangi kanser tipinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğu veya telomer uzunluğunun tam bir
profili şimdiye kadar gösterilememiştir. Bu yüzden hangi kanser türünde
telomerin kısaldığı veya hangi kanser türünde uzunluğunun değişmediği hala
netlik kazanmamıştır. Ancak literatürdeki verilere göre birçok insan kanser
türünde telomer uzunluğunun aktif olduğu ve telomerazın yukarı regülasyon (up-regüle)
özellik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu mekanizmanın anlaşılabilmesi için telomer
uzunluğuna etki eden önemli moleküllerin/genlerin de tanımlanması
gerekmektedir. Yapılmış çalışmalardaki bilgiler bize telomerin kanserleşme
sürecinde etkin rol alabileceğine dair ipuçlarını göstermektedir. Biz de bu
derlemede telomer uzunluğunun meme kanserindeki önemini yapılmış çalışmalarla
özetleyerek ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Telomer uzunluğu (kısalma/uzama) ve
telomeraz enzim aktivitesinin (yüksek/düşük) kansere özgü profilinin ortaya
konması meme kanser tanı ve tedavisinde yol gösterici olabileceğini
düşünmekteyiz. Telomer ve meme kanseri ile ilgili gelecekte yapılacak
çalışmalara bu derlemenin ışık tutacağına inanmaktayız.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meme kanseri, Telomer uzunluğu, Telomeraz, D-loop, T-loop

Telomere Lenght in Breast Cancer and Importance

Öz

Breast
cancer, which is the most common type of cancer that causes death among women,
is a severe health problem, and each year around 1.67 million new cases are
estimated worldwide. It is known that identification and proper definition of
the factors that cause breast cancer are important for prognosis as well as
diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies have shown that telomere length plays a
significant role in the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer. Telomeres
protect the chromosome ends against damage by telomerase activity and shorten
during each cell division. However, the possible scale of its impacts on
different types of cancer or a complete profile of telomere length has not been
shown so far. Therefore, it is still unclear in which cancer type the telomere
shortens or in which cancer type its length does not change. However, according
to the data in the literature, telomere length is active, and telomerase is
up-regulated in many human cancer types. In order to understand this mechanism,
it is necessary to identify essential molecules/genes that affect telomere
length. The information obtained from the current studies shows us that the
telomere may play an active role in the cancer process. In this review, we
aimed to summarize the importance of telomere length in breast cancer through
current studies. We suggest that building up a cancer-specific profile of
telomere length (shortening/elongation) and enzyme activity of telomerase
(high/low) can be a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. We
believe that this review will shed light on future studies on telomere and
breast cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Breast cancer, telomere length, telomerase, D-loop, T-loop

Kaynakça

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