Dinoflagellate Cysts Relationship with Sea Surface Water Hydrographic Conditions and their Use as Indicator

Yıl 2019, , 99 - 107, 01.03.2019

Serdar Uzar , Hilal Aydın

https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.441233

Öz

Dinoflagellates have different life
cycle depend on species diversity. Some dinoflagellates can produce a living
form called resting cysts in their life cycle. Resting cysts are important due
to their strong cyst wall and long time preservation between sediment layers, and
the cysts bring some new populations. The dinoflagellate resting cysts reserve some
permenant and useful information. Therefore, recently dinoflagellate cysts have
been used as a tool which present sea surface conditions. Aim of this study is
to evaluate and review dinoflagellate cysts and their relationship with sea
surface condition with past geological ages and recent data. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

dinoflagellate, phytoplankton, indicator, resting cyst, sediment

Dinoflagellat Kistlerinin Deniz Yüzey Suyu Hidrografik Koşulları İle İlişkisi ve İndikatör Olarak Kullanımı

Öz

Dinoflagellatlar türden türe değişmekle
birlikte farklı hayat döngüleri barındırmaktadır. Dinoflagellatlardan bazıları
hayat döngülerinde kalıcı kistler olarak adlandırılan yaşam formları üretirler.
Kalıcı kistler güçlü duvar yapısı ve sediment tabakaları arasında uzun süre korunmasından
dolayı önemlidir ve bu kistler hücrelerin gelecek popülasyonları oluşturmasını
sağlar. Dinoflagellat kistleri denizel ortamlarla ilgili kalıcı ve kullanıcı
bilgiler içermektedir. Bu yüzden dinoflagellat kistleri son yıllarda sıklıkla
yüzey suyu koşullarını yansıtan birer araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kistlerin deniz yüzey
suyu ile olan ilişkilerininin geçmiş
jeolojik devirler ve güncel verilerle derlenerek
değerlendirilmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dinoflagellat, fitoplankton, indikatör, kalıcı kist, sediment

Kaynakça

• Aydın, H., Yürür, E.E., & Uzar, S. (2014). Dinoflagellate cysts assemblages in surface sediments from Homa Lagoon (Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea, The Mediterranean). Fresenius Envrionmental Bulletin, 23(8), 1-7.
• Aydın, H., Yürür, E.E., Uzar, S., & Küçüksezgin, F. (2015a). Impact of industrial pollution on recent dinoflagellate cysts in Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 94, 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.038
• Aydın, H., Yürür, E.E., Uzar, S., & Küçüksezgin, F. (2015b). Modern dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of Aliağa and Nemrut Bay: influence of industrial pollution. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 15, 543-554. http://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v15_2_42.
• Azanza, R.V., Sirigan, F.P., Diego-Mcglone, M.L.S., Yňiguez, A.T., Macalalad, N.H., Zamora, P.B., Agustin, M.B., & Matsuoka, K. (2004). Horizontal dinoflagellate cyst distribution, sediment characteristics and benthic flux in Manila Bay, Philippines. Phycological Research, 52, 376-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2004.00355.x
• Bravo, I., & Figueroa, R.I. (2014). Towards an ecological understanding of dinoflagellate cyst functions. Microorganisms, 2(1), 11-32. doi:10.3390/microorganisms2010011
• Bringué, M., Pospelova, V., & Pak, D. (2013). Seasonal production of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in an upwelling system: A sediment trap study from the Santa Barbara Basin, California. Marine Micropaleontology, 100, 34-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.03.007
• Candel, M.S., Radi, T., de Vernal, A., & Bujelesky, G. (2012). Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts and other aquatic palynomorphs in surface sediments from the beagle Channel, Southern Argentine. Marine Micropaleontology, 96-97, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.06.009
• Cho, H.J., & Matsuoka, K. (2001). Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the Yellow sea and East china sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 42, 103-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(01)00016-0
• D’Silva, M.S, Anil, A.C., & Sawant, S.S. (2013). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in recent sediments of Visakhapatnam harbour, east coast of India: Influence of environmental characteristics. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 66(1–2), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.012
• Dale, B. (2009). Eutrophication signals in the sedimentary record of dinoflagellate cysts in coastal waters. Journal of Sea Research, 61 (1–2), 103-113. doi:10.1016/j.seares.2008.06.007.
• Dale, B., & Fjellså, A. (1994). Dinoflagellate cysts as productivity indicators: state of the art, potential and limits. In: Zahn, R. (Ed.), Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints in the Ocean's Role in Global Change (521-537), Berlin: Springer.
• Dale, B., Thorsen, T.A., & Fjellså, A. (1999). Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of cultural eutrophication in the Oslofjord, Norway. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 48, 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0427
• de Vernal, A., & Marret, F. (2007). Organic-Walled Dinoflagellate Cysts: Tracer of Sea-Surface Conditions. Developments of Marine Geology, 9(1),371-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5480(07)01014-7
• Devillers, R.A., & de Vernal, A. (2000). Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of the Northern North Atlantic in relation to nutrient content and productivity in surface waters. Marine Geology, 166, 103- 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00007-4
• Elshanawany, R., Zonneveld, K.A.F., Ibrahim, M.I., & Kholeif, S.E.A. (2010). Distribution patterns of recent organic- walled dinoflagellate cysts in relation to environmental parameters in the Mediterranean Sea. Palynology, 34, 233–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916121003711665
• Esper, O., & Zonneveld, K.A.F. (2002). Distribution of organic-walled dinofalgellate cysts in surfeca sediments of the Southern Ocean (Eastern Atlantic Sector) between the Subtropical Front and the Weddell Gyre. Marine Micropaleontology, 46, 177-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00041-5
• Godhe, A., & McQuoid, M.R. (2003). Influence of benthic and pelagic environmental factors on the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments along the Swedish West Coast. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 32, 185-201. doi:10.3354 /ame032185
• Heikkilä, M., Pospelova, V., Hochheim, K.P., Kuzyk, Z.Z.A., Stern, G.A., Barber, D.G., & Macdonald, R.W. (2014). Surface sediment dinoflagellate cysts from the Hudson Bay system and their relation to freshwater and nutrient cycling. Marine Micropaleontology, 106, 79-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.12.002
• Herzi, F., Jean, N., Zhao, H., Mounier, S., Mabrouk, H.H., & Hlaili, A.S. (2013). Copper and cadmium effects on growth and extracellular exudation of the marine toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella: 3D- fluorescence spectroscopy approach. Chemosphere, 93(6), 1230-1239. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.084.
• Holzwarth, U., Esper, O., & Zonneveld, K. (2007). Distribution of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in shelf surface sediments of Benguela Upwelling system in relationship to rnviromental conditions. Marine Micropaleontology, 64, 91-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.04.001
• Horner, R.A., Greengrove, C.L., Davies-Vollum, K.S., Gawel, J.E., Postel, J.R., & Cox, A.M. (2011). Spatial distribution of benthic cysts of Alexandrium catenella in surface sediments of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Harmful Algae, 11, 96-105. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.08.004.
• Joyce, L.B., Pitcher, G.C., du Randt, A., & Monteiro, P.M.S. (2005). Dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Saldanha Bay, South Africa: an indication of the potential risk of harmful algal blooms. Harmful Algae, 4, 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2004.08.001
• Kawamura, H. (2004). Dinofalgellate cyst distribution along a shelf to slope transect of an oligotrophic tropical sea (Sunda Shelf South China Sea). Phycological Research, 52, 355-375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2004.00362.x
• Kunz-Pirrung M. (2001). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments of the Laptev Sea Region (Arctic Ocean) and their relationship to hydrographic conditions. Journal of Qaternary Science, 16(7), 637-649. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.647
• Liu, D., Shi, Y., Di, B., Sun, Q., Wang, Y., Dong, Z., & Shao, H. (2012). The impact of different pollution sources on modern dinoflagellate cysts in Sishili Bay, Yellow Sea, China. Marine Micropaleontology, 84-85, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.11.001
• Marret, F., & de Vernal, A. (1997). Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in Surface Sediments of the Southern Indian Ocean.Marine Micropaleontology, 29, 367-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(96)00049-7
• Marret, F., & Scourse, J. (2002). Control of modern dinofalgellate cyst distribution in the Irish and Celtic Seas by seasonal stratification dynamics. Marine Micropaleontology, 47, 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00095-6
• Marret, F., & Zonneveld, K.A.F. (2003). Atlas of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst distribution. Rewiev of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 125, 1-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(02)00229-4
• Matsuoka, K. (1999). Eutrophication process recorded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages-a case of Yokohama Port, Tokyo Bay, Japan. The Science of the Total Environment, 231, 17-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00087-X
• McMinn, A. (1992). Recent and late quaternary dinoflagellate cyst distribution on the continental shelf and slope of southeastern Australia. Palynology, 16, 13-24.
• Mertens, K.N., Riberio, S., Bouimetarhan, I., Caner, H., Nebout, N.C., Dale, B., de Vernal, A., Ellegaard, M., Filipova, M., Godhe, A., Goubert, E., Gorsfjeld, K., Holzwarth,
• U., Kotthoff, U., Leroy, S.A.G., Londeix, L., Marret, F., Matsuoka, K., Mudie, P.J., Naudts, L., Pena-Marjarrez, J.L., Persson, A., Popescu, S-M., Pespelova, V., Sangiorgi, F., Van der Meer, M.T.J., Vink, A., Zonneveld, K.A.F., Vercauteren, D., Vlassenbroeck, J., & Louwye, S. (2009). Process lenght variation in cysts of a dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, in surface sediments: Investigating its potential as salinity proxy. Marine Micropaleontology, 70, 54-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.10.004
• Mudie, P.J., & Rochon, A. (2001). Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Canadian Arctic Marine Region.Journal of Quaternary Science, 16(7), 603-620. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.658
• Okamoto, O.K., Shao, L., Hastings, J.W., & Colepicolo, P. (1999). Acute and chronic effects of toxic metals on viability, encystment and bioluminescence in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 123(C), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-8413(99)00013-4
• Peña-Manjarrez, J.L., Helenes, J., Gaxiola-Castro, G., & Orellana-Cepeda, E. (2005). Dinoflagellate cysts and bloom events at Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, México, 1999–2000. Continental Shelf Research, 25(11), 1375-1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.02.002
• Pospelova, V., & Kim, S.J. (2010). Dinoflagellate cysts in resent estuarine sediments from aquaculture sites of southern South Korea. Marine Micropaleontology, 76(1-2), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.04.003
• Pospelova, V., Chmura, G.L., Boothman, W.S., & Latimer, J.S. (2002). Dinoflagellate cyst records and human disturbance in two neighbouring estuaries, New Bedford Harbour and Apponagansett Bay, Massachusetts (USA). The Science of the Total Environment, 298, 81-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00195-X
• Pospelova, V., Chmura, G.L., & Walker, H.A. (2004). Environmental factors influencing the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in shallow lagoons of Southern New England (USA). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 128, 7-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(03)00110-6
• Pospelova, V., Chmura, G.L., Boothman, W.S., & Latimer, J.S. (2005). Spatial distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts in polluted estuarine sediments from Buzzards Bay (Massachusetts, USA) embayments. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 292, 23-40.
• Pospelova, V., de Vernal, A., & Pedersen, T.F. (2008). Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the northeastern Pacific Ocean (43-25 N) in relation to sea-surface temperature, salinity, productivity and coastal upwelling. Marine Micropaleontology, 68, 21-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.008
• Radi, T., Pospelova, V., de Vernal, A., & Barrie, J.V. (2007). Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of water quality and productivity in British Colombia Estuarine Environments. Marine Micropaleontology, 62, 269-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.09.002
• Ribeiro, S., & Amorim, A. (2008). Environmental drivers of temporal succession in the recent dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from a costal Site in the North-East Atlantic (Lisbon Bay, Portugal). Marine Micropaleontology, 68, 156-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.013
• Satta, C.T., Angles, S., Garces, E., Luglie, A., Padedda, B.M., & Sechi, N. (2010). Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from two semi-enclosed areas of the western Mediterranean Sea subject to high human impact. Deep Sea Research II, 57, 256-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.013
• Satta, T., Anglès, S., Garcés, E., Sechi, N., Pulina, S., Padedda, B.M., Stacca, D., & Lugliè, A. (2014). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments from three shallow Mediterranean lagoons (Sardinia, North Western Mediterranean Sea). Estuaries and Coasts, 37, 646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9705.
• Sprangers, M., Dammers, N., Brinkhuis, H., Van Weering, T.C.E., & Lotter, A. F. (2004). Modern organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst distribution Offshore NW Iberia; tracing the upwelling system. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 128, 97-106.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(03)00114-3
• Thorsen, T.A., & Dale, B. (1997). Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of pollution and past climate in a Norwegian fjord. Holocene, 7, 433–446.
• Uzar, S., Aydin, H., & Yürür, E.E. (2018). Dinoflagellate cyst studies in the sediments of Turkish coastal waters and future aspects. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 2800-2808.
• Verleye, T.J.& Louwye, S. (2010). Recent geographical distribution of organic walled dinoflagellate cysts in the southeast Pacific (25-53O S) and their relation to the prevailing hydrographical conditions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 298, 319-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.006
• Verleye, T.J., Mertens, K.N., Young, M.D., Dale, B., McMinn, A., Scott, L., Zonneveld, K.A.F., & Louwye, S. (2012). Average process length variation of the marine dinoflagellate cyst Operculodinium centrocarpum in the tropical and Southern Hemisphere Oceans: assessing its potential as a palaeosalinity proxy. Marine Micropaleontology, 86–87, 45-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.02.001
• Vink, A., Zonneveld, K.A.F., & Willems, H. (2000). Organic-walled dinofalgellate cysts in western Equatorial Atlantic surface sediments: distributions and their relation to environment. Rewiev of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 112, 247-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00046-4
• Wall, D., Dale, B., Lohmann, P., & Smith, W.K. (1977). The environmental and climatic distri- bution of dinoflagellate cysts in modern marine sediments from regions in the North and South Atlantic Oceans and adjacent seas. Marine Micropaleontology. 2, 121-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(77)90008-1
• Wang, Z., Qi, Y., Lu, S., Wang, Y., & Matsuoka, K. (2004a). Seasonal distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in surface sedimentes from Changjiang River Estuary. Phycological Research, 52, 387-395. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2004.00356.x
• Wang, Z, Matsuoka, K., Qi, Y., & Chen, J. (2004b). Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Chinese Coastal Waters. Marine Ecology, 25(4), 289-311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2004.00035.x
• Zonneveld, K.A.F., Chen, L., Möbius, J., & Mahmoud, M.S. (2009). Enviromental significance of dinoflagellate cysts from the proximal part of the Po-river discharge plume (off southern Italy, Eastern Mediterrenean). Journal of Sea Research, 62, 189-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2009.02.003
• Zonneveld, K.A.F., Marret, F., Vesteeg, G.J.M., Bogus, K., Bonnet, S., Bouimetarhan, I., Crouch, E., de Vernal, A., Elshanawany, R., Edwards, L., Esper, O., Forke, S., Grøsfjeld, K., Henry, M., Holzward, U., Kielt, J-F., Kim, S-Y., Ladouceur, S., Ledu, D., Chen, L., Limoges, A., Londeix, L., Lu, S.-H., Mahmoud, M.S., Marino, G., Matsuoka, M., Matthiessen, J., Mildenhal, D. C., Mudie, P., Neil, H. L., Pospelova, V., Qi, Y., Radi, T., Richerol, T., Rochon, A., Sangiorgi, F., Solignag, S., Turon, J-L., Verleye, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Young, M. (2013). Atlas of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution based on 2405 data points. Rewiev of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 191, 1-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.003.