Evaluation of the Water Quality of Karabal Stream (Gediz River, Turkey) and Comparative Performance of the Used Indices

Yıl 2021, , 334 - 349, 01.09.2021

Alperen Ertaş , Merve Yaşartürk Tuğba Boz , İnci Tüney Kızılkaya

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.819579

Cited By: 7

Öz

We used seven biotic indices to determine the water quality of Karabal Stream (Gediz River) in West Anatolia, Turkey. The indices were based on benthic macroinvertebrate and physicochemical parameters: Saprobi Index (SI), Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), Average Score per Taxon (ASPT), Family Biotic Index (FBI), Belgian Biotic Index (BBI), EPT-Taxa [%] were used as biotic indices and Shannon-Weaver index (SWDI), Simpsons index (SDI) and Margalef index (MDI) for diversity. Ten taxonomic groups were found in Karabal Stream consisting of Crustacea, Oligochaeta, Gastrapoda, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera. The water quality along the stream varied from good class in the upstream stations, to moderate in downstream stations according to the most suitable indices. According to canonic correspondence analysis (CCA), the distributions of Diptera, Oligochaeta, and Hemiptera species are positively correlated to EC, Cl, Turbidity, Temperature, NH4-N, NO2-N, and NO3-N while they are negatively correlated to DO, DOS and pH. The distributions of EPT species are positively correlated to DO, DOS and pH. According to Pearson’s correlation, the BBI, BMWP (Original), BMWP (Spanish), and EPT-Taxa [%] metrics were sufficient in the estimation of water quality in the examined watercourse. Considering studies in surface waters of Turkey, the BMWP and EPT-Taxa [%] indices reflect the water quality as correctly in all studies we examined, however, BBI did not always show reliable results. Therefore there is a need for the establishment of a Turkish Biotic Index which takes into account country-specific macroinvertebrates, their abundance, biology, and ecology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karabal Stream, Water Quality, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Physicochemical Parameters, Biotic and Diversity Index

Teşekkür

The authors are thankful for the support and experience to Prof Dr. Hasan KALYONCU.

Karabal Çayı’nın (Gediz Nehri, Türkiye) Su Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Kullanılan Endeks Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Türkiye'nin Batı Anadolu Bölgesi'ndeki Karabal Çayı'nın (Gediz nehri kolu) su kalitesini belirlemek için yedi biyotik indeks kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan indeksler bentik makroomurgasızlar ve fizikokimyasal parametreler temellidir. Biyotik indeks olarak; Saprobi İndeks (SI), Biyolojik Çalışma Grubu İndeksi (BMWP), Takson Başına Ortalama Puan (ASPT), Familya Biyotik İndeksi (FBI) ve Belçika Biyotik İndeksi (BBI), çeşitlilik indeksi olarak; Shannon-Weaver indeksi (SWDI), Simpsons indeksi (SDI) ve Margalef indeksi (MDI) kullanılmıştır. Karabal Çayı'nda Crustacea, Oligochaeta, Gastrapoda, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Diptera ve Hemiptera'dan oluşan 10 taksonomik grup saptanmıştır. Akarsu boyunca su kalitesi, indekslere göre akarsuyun memba kesimlerinde iyi sınıftan akarsuyun aşağı mansap kesimlerinde orta seviyeye kadar değişmektedir. Kanonik korelasyon analizi (CCA)'ne göre, Diptera, Oligochaeta ve Hemiptera türlerinin dağılımları, ÇO, ÇOS ve pH ile negatif korelasyon gösterirken EC, Cl, Turbidite, Sıcalık, NH4-N, NO2-N ve NO3-N ile pozitif korelasyon göstermektedir. EPT türlerinin dağılımları ÇO, ÇOS ve pH ile pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizine göre BBI, BMWP (Orijinal), BMWP (İspanyol) ve EPT-Taksa [%] indeksleri incelenen akarsu üzerindeki su kalitesi tahmini için yeterli bulunmuştur. Türkiye yüzey sularında yapılan diğer çalışmalar da dikkate alındığında BMWP ve EPT-Taxa [%] indeksleri su kalitesi belirlemeye yönelik yapılan tüm çalışmalarda olduğu gibi bu çalışmada da su kalitesi açısından yeterli doğruluk yansıtmaktadır, ancak BBI her zaman güvenilir sonuçlar vermemiştir. Bu nedenle, ülkeye özgü makroomurgasız gruplarının bolluklarını, biyolojilerini ve ekolojilerini dikkate alan bir Türkiye Biyotik İndeksi’nin oluşturulmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karabal Çayı, Su Kalitesi, Bentik Makroomurgasızlar, Fizikokimyasal Parametreler, Biyotik ve Çeşitlilik İndeksleri

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