Oreochromis niloticus'un Kas Dokusunda Glutathione S -Transferaz Aktivitesi, Glutatyon ve Protein Miktarı Üzerine Bakır ve Bakırın Kalsiyum Karışımlarının Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 181 - 187, 14.06.2019

Gülbin Firidin

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.480300

Öz

Bu
çalışmada Oreochromis niloticus'un
kas dokusunda glutatyon S-transferaz aktivitesi ile glutatyon ve protein
miktarı üzerine bakır ve bakırın kalsiyum karışımlarının etkisi incelenmiştir. Balıklar
7, 14 ve 28 günlük sürelerle 0,1, 0,5 ve 1,0 ppm Cu ile kalsiyum karışımlarının  0,1 ppm Cu+1,0 ppm Ca, 0,5 ppm Cu+5,0 ppm Ca,
1,0 Cu ppm+10,0 ppm Ca etkisine maruz bırakılmıştır. Kas glutathione
S-transferaz aktivitesi bakır ve bakırın kalsiyum karışımlarının etkisinde
deney süresi boyunca kontrole göre azalma göstermiştir. Glutatyon miktarı 28.
gün 0,1 ppm Cu+1,0 ppm Ca derişimi hariç diğer tüm derişimlerde kontrol grubuna
göre artmıştır. Protein miktarı 7.gün 0,5 ppm Cu+5,0 ppm Ca derişimi hariç
diğer tüm derişimlerde ve sürelerde kontrole göre azalış göstermiştir. Araştırma
sonuçları bakır ve bakırın kalsiyum karışımlarının O. niloticus'un kas dokusunda glutathione S-transferaz aktivitesi
ile glutatyon ve protein miktarının değişmesine neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu
değişiklikler bakırın kalsiyum karışımlarının etkisinde bakırın tek başına
etkisine göre daha az olmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakır, Kalsiyum, antioksidan, Oreochromis niloticus

Kaynakça

• Abbas, H.H. & Ali, F.K. (2007). Study the effect of hexavalent chromium on some biochemical, citotoxicological and histopathological aspects of the Orechromis spp. Fish. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10, 3973-3982. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.3973.3982
• Abdel-Tawwab, M., Abdelghany, A.E. & Ahmad, M.H. (2007). Effect of feed supplementation on water properties, phytoplankton community structure and the growth of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix V. Polycultured in fertilized earthen ponds. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 19, 1–24. doi: 10.1300/J028v19n01_01
• Almeida, J.E., Novelli, M., Silva, D.P. & Junior, R. (2001). Environmental cadmium exposure and metabolic responses of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Environmental Pollution, 114,169-175. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00221-9
• Anderson, M.E. (1985). Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples. Methods in Enzymology, 113, 548-555
• Arslan, M., (2006). Farklı ortam derişimlerindeki bakırın, Clarias lazera (Valenciennes, 1840)’DA nicel protein, glikojen ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin
• Ayanda, I.O., Olasehinde, G.I. & Ajayi, A.A. (2018). Toxicity of sublethal concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat herbicide in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology., 20(6), 1359-1364. doi: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0642
• Chen, Q.L., Luo, Z., Zheng, J.L., Li, X.D., Liu, C.X., Zhao, Y.H. & Gong, Y. (2012). Protective effects of calcium on copper toxicity in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco: copper accumulation enzymatic activities, histology. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 76. doi: 126-134. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.007
• Cicik, B. Ay, Ö. & Karayakar, F. (2004). Cyprinus carpio (L.)’ da bakırın kas ve karaciğer dokularındaki birikiminin total protein derişimi üzerine etkileri Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(12), 26-31
• Cicik, B. (1995). Cyprinus carpio’da Bakır, çinko ve bakır + çinko karışımında solungaç, karaciğer ve kas dokularındaki metal birikiminin nicel protein, glikojen ve kandaki bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enst. Biyoloji ABD, Adana, 107 s.
• Çiftçi, N. & Cicik, B. (2011). Krom (VI)’nın Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio, Clarias gariepinus ile Callinectes sapidus’un Dokularında Birikimi, Protein ve Glikojen Düzeylerine Etkileri. Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 37-55
• Çoğun, H.Y & Reyhan, İ.Ç. (2016). Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) balığı dokularında kalsiyum ve zeolitin kadmiyum birikimine etkisi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 33(1): 41-46 doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.1.07
• Torre, F., Salibian, A. & Ferrari, L. (2000). Biomarkers assessment in juvenile Cyprinus carpio exposed to waterborne cadmium. Environmental Pollution, 109, 277-282 doi: 109: 277-282. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00263-8
• De La Torre, F., Salibian, A. & Ferrari, L. (2007). Assessment of the pollution impact on biomarkers of effect of a freshwater fish. Chemosphere, 68, 1582-1590. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.033
• Di Giulio, R.T., C.S. Jewell, P.C. Washburn, R.J. Wenning & Winston, G.W. (1989). Biochemical responses in aquatic animals: a review of determinants of oxidative stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 8, 1103 1123
• El-Serafy, S.S., Zowail M.E, Abdel-Hameid, N.H., Awwad, M.H, & Omar, E.H (2013). Effect of dietborne Cu and Cd on body indices of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with emphasis on protein pattern. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, 593-602. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v13_4_04
• Elia, A.C., Galarini, R., Taticchi, M.I. & Dorr, A.J.M. (2003). Mantilacci L. Antioxidant responses and bioaccumulation in Ictalurus melas under mercury exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 55, 162-167. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B0710624
• Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J. and Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione S- transferases the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249, 7130-7139
• Handy, R.D. (2003). Chronic effects of copper exposure versus endocrine toxicity: two sides of the same toxicological process”, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A, 135: 25-38. doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00018-7
• Hayes, J.D., Flanagan, J.U. and Jowsey, I.R. (2005). Glutathione transferases. Annual Reviews, Pharmacology and Toxicology, 45, 51-88. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095857
• Hunn, J.B. (1985). Role of Calcium in Gill Function in Freshwater Fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 82A, 543-547.
• Karthikeyan, S. & Mani, P., (2014). Effect of Heavy Metals on Tissue Protein of an Edible Fish Cirrhinus mrigala as Dependent on pH and Water Hardness, 59(2), 321-325. doi: 10.1134/S0006350914020110
• Karthikeyan, S., PL. RM. Palaniappan & Sabhanayakam, S. (2007). Influence of pH and water hardness upon nickel accumulation in edible fish Cirrhinus mrigala. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(2), 489-492 Liu, Y., Y. Zhang, J. Liu & D. Huang, (2006). The role of reactive oxygen species in the herbicide acetachlor-induced DNA damage on Bufo-raddei tadpole liver. Aquatic Toxicology, 78, 21-26. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.01.016
• Livingstone, D.R. (2003). Oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to pollution and aquaculture. Revue De Medecine Veterinaire, 154, 427–430.
• Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. & Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 266-275.
• Matsuo, A.Y.O., Playle, R.C., Val, A.L. & Wood, C.M., (2004). Physiological action of dissolved organic matter in rainbow trout in the presence and absence of copper: sodium uptake kinetics and unidirectional flux rates in hard and softwater. Aquatic Toxicology, 70, 63–81. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.07.005
• Mela, M., Guiloski, I.C., Doria, H.B., Rabitto, I.S. Silva, C.A. Maraschi, A.C., Prodocimo, V., Freire, C.A., M.A.F. Randi, C.A., Oliveira Ribeiro, H.C. & Assis S. (2013). Risks of waterborne copper exposure to a cultivated freshwater Neotropical catfish (Rhamdia quelen) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 88, 108-116. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.002
• Mohamed, F.A. & Gad, N.S., (2008). Environmental pollution induced biochemical changes in tissues of Tilapia zillii, Solea vulgaris and Mugil capito from Lake Qarun, Egypt Global Veterinaria, 2(6), 327-336
• Monteiro, D.A., J.A.D. Almeida, F.T. Rantin & A.L. Kalinin, (2006). Oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater characid fish Brycon cephalus, exposed to organophosphorus insecticide Folisuper 600 (Methyl parathion). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology, 143, 141 - 149. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.01.004
• Santovito, G., Piccinni, E., Boldrin F, Irato, P. (2012). Comparative study on metal homeostasis and detoxification in two Antarctic teleosts. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 155, 580–586. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.01.008
• S. Pereira, A.L. Pinto, R. Cortes, A. Fontaı́nhas-Fernandes, A. Coimbra, & S. Monteiro. (2013). Gill histopathological and oxidative stress evaluation in native fish captured in Portuguese northwestern rivers Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 90, 157-166. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.023
• Ransberry, V.E., Morash, A.J., Blewett, T.A., Wood, C.M. & McClelland, G.B. (2015). Oxidative stress and metabolic responses to copper in freshwater- and seawater-acclimated Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Aquatic Toxicology, 161, 242–252. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.013
• Sanchez W, Palluel O, Meunier L, Coquery M, Porcher JM & Aitssa SA. (2005). Copper-induced oxidative stress in three-spined stickleback: relationship with hepatic metal levels. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 19, 177-183. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2004.07.003
• Santore, R.C., Di Toro, D.M., Paquin, P.R., Allen, H.E. & J.S. Meyer (2001). Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in freshwater fish and Daphnia. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 2397-2402. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620201035
• Scott, G.R., Baker, D.W., Schulte, P.M. & Wood, C.M. (2008). Physiological and molecular mechanisms of osmoregulatory plasticity in killifish after seawater transfer. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 2450–2459. 10.1242/jeb.017947
• Sun, X., Shih, A.Y., Johannssen, H.C., Erb, H., Li, P., & Murphy, T.H. (2006). Two-photon imaging of glutathione levels in intact brain indicates enhanced redox buffering in developing neurons and cells at the cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain interface. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Jun 23, 281(25), doi: 17420-31. 10.1074/jbc.M601567200
• Juliana, D.S., Maritana, M., Halina, B.D., Izonete, C.G., Marco, A.F.R, Paulo, S.M.C, Paulo, C.M, Helena, C.S.A., Adalto, B., Claudia, B.R.M. (2016). Biomarkers of waterborne copper exposure in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Aquatic Toxicology, 170, 31-41. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.010
• Tripathi, B.N., Mehta, S.K., Amar, A. & Gaur, J.P. (2006) Oxidative stress in Scenedesmus sp. during short-and long-term exposure to Cu2+ and Zn2+. Chemosphere, 62, 538–544. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.031
• Qu, R., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wei, Z., & Wang, L. (2014). Metal accumulation and antioxidant defenses in the freshwater fish Carassius auratus in response to single and combined exposure to cadmium and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Jun 30, 275:89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.051
• Vijayan, M.M., Pereira, C., Grau, E.G. & Iwama, G.K. (1997). Metabolic responses associated with confinement stress in tilapia; the role of cortisol, Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology C, 116 (1), 89-95 doi: 89-85. 10.1016/S0742-8413(96)00124-7