Investigation of Betanodavirus in Bivalve Mollusks in Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt 18, Sayı 3, 415 - 425, 01.09.2022

Murat KAPLAN Kemal PEKMEZ Abdurrahman Anıl ÇAĞIRGAN Buket ÖZKAN Fatih ARSLAN Bülent KAFA Gülnur KALAYCI

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1088276

Öz

Abstract: Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an important viral disease that is seen especially in larval and juvenile, occasionally in adult marine fish. VNN is now accepted as endemic in the Mediterranean basin and outbreaks in sea bream caused by RGNNV/SJNNV genotype have been isolated as well as the RGNNV genotype of betanodaviridae which causes frequent outbreaks. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the betanodavirus in carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus) and black mussel (Mytilus galloprovencialis) stations approved by the official authorities in Turkey. A total of 50 samplings were carried out from five carpet shells and eight black mussel stations between 2016-2020. Sampling of carpet shells were conducted in August and black mussels in September by every year. Thirty samples were collected from each station, and a total of three hundred pools consisting of five samples each were produced. Samples prepared from the hepatopancreas of the bivalve mollusks were tested by Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Betanodavirus nucleic acid was not detected in any of carpet shell and black mussel samples. The presence of betanodavirus in bivalve mollusks in Turkey was investigated for the first time in this study. In conclusion, this study was conducted in only officially approved carpet shell and black mussel stations, however, since there were no officially approved stations in the Southern Aegean and Mediterranean regions, where the virus is more endemic, sampling was not conducted. Further and expanded studies are necessary including these regions to better understand the betanodavirus epidemiology in shellfish.

Anahtar Kelimeler

black mussel, betanodavirus, carpet shell, RT-qPCR

Türkiye’de Çift Kabuklu Yumuşakçalarda Betanodavirus Varlığının Araştırılması

Öz

Özet: Viral nervöz nekrozis (VNN), özellikle larva ve yavru deniz balıklarında, bazen de yetişkinlerde görülen önemli viral bir hastalıktır. Akdeniz’de artık levreklerde endemik olarak kabul edilen ve sık sık salgınlara neden olan betanodavirusların RGNNV genotipinin yanısıra, son birkaç yılda çipuralarda da salgınlar daha sık bildirilmeye başlanmış ve RGNNV/SJNNV genotipi izole edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı resmi otoriteden onaylı doğal yataklarda yetiştirilen akivades (Ruditapes decussatus) ve kara midye (Mytilus galloprovincialis) istasyonlarında VNN etkeni betanodavirus varlığının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 2016-2020 yılları arasında beş adet akivades, sekiz adet kara midye istasyonundan toplam 50 örnekleme yapılmıştır. Akivades örneklemesi Ağustos aylarında, kara midye örneklemesi ise Eylül aylarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her örneklemede her istasyondan 30 adet örnek alınmıştır ve her biri beş örnekten oluşmak üzere toplam 300 adet havuz oluşturulmuştur. Çift kabuklu yumuşakçaların hepatopankreaslarından hazırlanan örnekler, Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) testi ile betanodavirus yönünden araştırılmıştır. RT-qPCR testleri sonucunda hem akivades örneklerinde hem kara midye örneklerinde betanodavirus nükleik asidi tespit edilmemiştir. Türkiye’de çift kabuklu yumuşakçalarda betanodavirus varlığı ilk defa bu çalışma ile araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile sadece doğal yataklarda bulunan midye ve akivadeslerde araştırma yapılmıştır, ancak, virüsün daha çok endemik olduğu Güney Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde resmi onaylı akivades veya kara midye istasyonu bulunmadığından bu bölgelerde örnekleme yapılmamıştır. Kabuklularda betanodavirus epidemiyolojisini daha iyi anlamak için bu bölgeleri de içeren daha ileri ve genişletilmiş çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

akivades, betanodavirus, kara midye, RT-qPCR

Kaynakça

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