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Evaluation of Gastropods as Biomaterials: Monodonta turbinata (Born, 1780)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 97 - 107, 01.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1301286

Öz

Monodonta turbinata is a densely populated species along the coasts of İskenderun Bay, Mediterranean Sea. The shells of M. turbinata contain a high amount of chitin for the chitosan production. The goal of this research is to produce chitin and chitosan from M. turbinata shells and characterize them using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. In addition, the samples were analyzed for solubility and deacetylation degree. The yields of chitin and chitosan obtained from M. turbinata were calculated as 60.26±0.96% and 80±1.29%, respectively. FTIR spectrum analysis results revealed the existence of functional groups in various bands and confirmed that the samples were chitin and chitosan. As a result of the FTIR, the deacetylation degree (DD) value was established to be 84.83%. The crystalline index (CrI) of chitin obtained from shells was computed as 54.92%. SEM analysis results displayed the morphological differences between chitin and chitosan biopolymers. The results indicate that M. turbinata shells, a waste product from İskenderun Bay, hold promise as a chitin and chitosan source for various applications in Türkiye.

Kaynakça

  • Ahyat, N. M., Mohamad, F., Ahmad, A., & Azmi, A. A. (2017). Chitin and chitosan extraction from Portunus pelagicus. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 21(4), 770-777. https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2104-02
  • Alabaraoye, E., Achilonu, M., & Hester, R. (2018). Biopolymer (Chitin) from various marine seashell waste: isolation and characterization. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26, 2207–2218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1118-y
  • Al Sagheer, F. A., Al-Sughayer, M. A., Muslim, S., & Elsabee, M. Z. (2009). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from marine sources in Arabian Gulf. Carbohydrate Polymers, 77(2), 410-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.032
  • Anonymous, (2023). Türkiye'nin Komşuları Dilsiz Haritası. Retrieved on June 11, 2023 from https://www.sosyalciniz.net/turkiyeninkomsulari-dilsiz-haritasi/
  • Bakır, B. B., Öztürk, B., Doğan, A., & Önen, M. (2012). Mollusc fauna of İskenderun Bay with a checklist of the region. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(1), 171-184.
  • Bolat, Y., Bilgin, Ş., Günlü, Izci, L., Koca, D. B., Çetinkaya, S. & Koca, H. U. (2010). Chitin-chitosan yield of freshwater crab (Potamon potamios, Olivier 1804) Shell. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 30(4), 227-231.
  • Brugnerotto, J., Lizardi, J., Goycoolea, F. M., Argüelles-Monal, W., Desbrieres, J., & Rinaudo, M. (2001). An infrared investigation in relation with chitin and chitosan characterization. Polymer, 42(8), 3569-3580.
  • Demir, D., Öfkeli, F., Ceylan, S., & Bölgen Karagülle, N. (2016). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from blue crab and synthesis of chitosan cryogel scaffolds. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 3(3), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.00634
  • Dhinakaran, D. I., Prasad, D. R. D., Gohila, R., & Lipton, P. (2012). Screening of marine sponge-associated bacteria from Echinodictyum gorgonoides and its bioactivity. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(88), 15469-15476.
  • El Knidri, H., Belaabed, R., Addaou, A., Laajeb, A., & Lahsini, A. (2018). Extraction, chemical modification and characterization of chitin and chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 120, 1181-1189.
  • Fadlaoui, S., El Asri, O., Mohammed, L., Sihame, A., Omari, A., & Melhaoui, M. (2019). Isolation and characterization of chitin from shells of the freshwater crab Potamon algeriense. Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives, (24), 23-35.
  • Gbenebor, O. P., Adeosun, S. O., Lawal, G. I,. Jun, S., & Olaleye, S.A. (2017). Acetylation, crystalline and morphological properties of structural polysaccharide from shrimp exoskeleton. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 20(3), 1155-1165.
  • GM, [Google Maps]. (2023). Google Maps. Retrieved on June 5, 2023 from https://www.google.com/maps Hajji, S., Younes, I., Ghorbel-Bellaaj, O., Hajji, R., Rinaudo, M., Nasri, M., & Jellouli, K. (2014). Structural differences between chitin and chitosan extracted from three different marine sources. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 65, 298-306.
  • Isa, M. T., Ameh, A. O., Tijjani, M., & Adama, K. K. (2012). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from Nigerian shrimps. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 6(1), 446-453.
  • Kabalak, M., Aracagök, D., & Torun, M. (2020). Extraction, characterization and comparison of chitins from large bodied four Coleoptera and Orthoptera species. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 145, 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.194
  • Kaya, M., Akata, I., Baran, T., & Menteş, A. (2014). Physicochemical Properties of Chitin and Chitosan Produced from Medicinal Fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola). Food Biophysics, 10, 162–168
  • Kaczmarek, M. B., Struszczyk-Swita, K., Li, X., Szczęsna-Antczak, M., & Daroch, M. (2019). Enzymatic modifications of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7, 243.
  • Kumari, S., Rath, P., Kumar, A. S. H., & Tiwari, T. N. (2015). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from fishery waste by chemical method. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 3, 77-85.
  • Luo, Q., Wang, Y., Han, Q., Ji, L., Zhang, H., Fei, Z., & Wang, Y. (2019). Comparison of the physicochemical, rheological, and morphologic properties of chitosan from four insects. Carbohydrate Polymers, 209, 266-275.
  • Majekodunmi, S. O., Olorunsola, E. O., & Uzoaganobi, C. C. (2017). Comparative physicochemical characterization of chitosan from shells of two bivalved mollusks from two different continents. American Journal of Polymer Science, 7(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajps.20170701.03
  • Marei, N. H., Abd El-Samie, E., Salah, T., Saad, G. R., & Elwahy, A. H. (2016). Isolation and characterization of chitosan from different local insects in Egypt. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 82, 871-877.
  • Mohan, K., Muralisankar, T., Jayakumar, R., & Rajeevgandhi, C. (2021). A study on structural comparisons of α-chitin extracted from marine crustacean shell waste. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, 2, 100037.
  • Nessa, F., Masum, S. M., Asaduzzaman, M., Roy, S., Hossain, M., & Jahan, M. (2011). A Process for the Preparation of Chitin and Chitosan from Prawn Shell Waste. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 45(4), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7330
  • Odili, C., Sekunowo, O., Gbenebour, P., & Adeosun, O. (2020). Characterization and properties comparison of Nigerian crab-shell extracts. Uşak University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 3(1), 1-12.
  • Öğretmen, Ö. Y., Karsli, B., & Çağlak, E. (2022). Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan from Pink Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) Shell Wastes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(3), 490-500 https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.861909
  • Phuong, P.T.D., Minh, N.C., Cuong, H.N., Minh, N. V., Han, N. T., Hoa, N.V., Yen, H.T.H., & Trung, T. S. (2017). Recovery of protein hydrolysate and chitosan from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) heads: approaching a zero waste process. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54, 1850-1856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2616-6
  • Rinaudo, M. Chitin and Chitosan. (2006). Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 31, 603-632.
  • Soltani, M., Parivar, K., Baharara, J., Kerachian, M. A., & Asili, J. (2015). Putative mechanism for apoptosis-inducing properties of crude saponin isolated from sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) as an antioxidant compound. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 18(2), 180.
  • Synowiecki, J., & Al-Khateeb, N. A. (2003). Production, properties, and some new applications of chitin and its derivatives. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 43(2), 145-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690390826473
  • Uğurlu, E., & Duysak, Ö. (2023). A study on the extraction of chitin and chitosan from the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum from İskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(8), 21416-21424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23728-9
  • Varma, R., & Vasudevan, S. (2020). Extraction, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of chitosan from horse mussel Modiolus modiolus. ACS Omega, 5(32), 20224-20230.
  • Varma, R., Vasudevan, S., Chelladurai, S., & Narayanasamy, A. (2021). Synthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics of Chitosan Extracted from Pinna deltoides. Letters in Applied NanoBioScience, 11(4), 4061-4070.
  • Yadav, P., Yadav, H., Shah, V. G., Shah, G., & Dhaka, G. (2015). Biomedical biopolymers, their origin and evolution in biomedical sciences: A systematic review. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(9), ZE21.
  • Younes, I., Rinaudo, M. (2015). Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Marine Drugs, 13(3), 1133-74.
  • Yuan, Y., Chesnutt, B. M., Haggard, W. O., & Bumgardner, J. D. (2011). Deacetylation of chitosan: Material characterization and in vitro evaluation via albumin adsorption and pre-osteoblastic cell cultures. Materials, 4(8), 1399-1416.
  • Zainol Abidin, N. A., Kormin, F., Zainol Abidin, N. A., Mohamed Anuar, N. A. F., & Abu Bakar, M. F. (2020). The potential of insects as alternative sources of chitin: An overview on the chemical method of extraction from various sources. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(14), 4978.

Gastropodların Biyomalzeme Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Monodonta turbinata (Born, 1780)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 97 - 107, 01.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1301286

Öz

Monodonta turbinata, İskenderun Körfezi kıyılarında yoğun olarak bulunan bir türdür. Bu türler, kitosana dönüştürülebilen yüksek miktarda kitin içerir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, M. turbinata kabuklarından kitin ve kitosan elde etmek ve X-ışını kırınımı (XRD), Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopi (FTIR) ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) teknikleri kullanarak karakterize etmektir. Ayrıca asitteki çözünürlüğü ve deasetilasyon dereceleri de belirlenmiştir. M. turbinata kabuklarından elde edilen kitin ve kitosan verimleri sırasıyla %60,26±0,96 ve %80±1,29 olarak hesaplanmıştır. FTIR spektrum analizi sonuçları farklı bantlarda fonksiyonel grupların varlığını göstermiş ve örneklerin kitin ve kitosan olduğunu doğrulamıştır. FTIR analizi kullanılarak DD değeri %84,83 olarak bulunmuştur. Kabuklardan elde edilen kitinin kristal indeksi (CrI) %54,92 olarak hesaplanmıştır. SEM analiz sonuçları, kitin ve kitosan biyopolimerleri arasındaki morfolojik farklılıklarını ortaya koymuştur. İskenderun Körfezi'nde yoğun bir popülasyona sahip M. turbinata kabuk atığının, Türkiye'deki çeşitli uygulamalar için umut verici bir kitin ve kitosan kaynağı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahyat, N. M., Mohamad, F., Ahmad, A., & Azmi, A. A. (2017). Chitin and chitosan extraction from Portunus pelagicus. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 21(4), 770-777. https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2104-02
  • Alabaraoye, E., Achilonu, M., & Hester, R. (2018). Biopolymer (Chitin) from various marine seashell waste: isolation and characterization. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26, 2207–2218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1118-y
  • Al Sagheer, F. A., Al-Sughayer, M. A., Muslim, S., & Elsabee, M. Z. (2009). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from marine sources in Arabian Gulf. Carbohydrate Polymers, 77(2), 410-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.032
  • Anonymous, (2023). Türkiye'nin Komşuları Dilsiz Haritası. Retrieved on June 11, 2023 from https://www.sosyalciniz.net/turkiyeninkomsulari-dilsiz-haritasi/
  • Bakır, B. B., Öztürk, B., Doğan, A., & Önen, M. (2012). Mollusc fauna of İskenderun Bay with a checklist of the region. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(1), 171-184.
  • Bolat, Y., Bilgin, Ş., Günlü, Izci, L., Koca, D. B., Çetinkaya, S. & Koca, H. U. (2010). Chitin-chitosan yield of freshwater crab (Potamon potamios, Olivier 1804) Shell. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 30(4), 227-231.
  • Brugnerotto, J., Lizardi, J., Goycoolea, F. M., Argüelles-Monal, W., Desbrieres, J., & Rinaudo, M. (2001). An infrared investigation in relation with chitin and chitosan characterization. Polymer, 42(8), 3569-3580.
  • Demir, D., Öfkeli, F., Ceylan, S., & Bölgen Karagülle, N. (2016). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from blue crab and synthesis of chitosan cryogel scaffolds. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 3(3), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.00634
  • Dhinakaran, D. I., Prasad, D. R. D., Gohila, R., & Lipton, P. (2012). Screening of marine sponge-associated bacteria from Echinodictyum gorgonoides and its bioactivity. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(88), 15469-15476.
  • El Knidri, H., Belaabed, R., Addaou, A., Laajeb, A., & Lahsini, A. (2018). Extraction, chemical modification and characterization of chitin and chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 120, 1181-1189.
  • Fadlaoui, S., El Asri, O., Mohammed, L., Sihame, A., Omari, A., & Melhaoui, M. (2019). Isolation and characterization of chitin from shells of the freshwater crab Potamon algeriense. Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives, (24), 23-35.
  • Gbenebor, O. P., Adeosun, S. O., Lawal, G. I,. Jun, S., & Olaleye, S.A. (2017). Acetylation, crystalline and morphological properties of structural polysaccharide from shrimp exoskeleton. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 20(3), 1155-1165.
  • GM, [Google Maps]. (2023). Google Maps. Retrieved on June 5, 2023 from https://www.google.com/maps Hajji, S., Younes, I., Ghorbel-Bellaaj, O., Hajji, R., Rinaudo, M., Nasri, M., & Jellouli, K. (2014). Structural differences between chitin and chitosan extracted from three different marine sources. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 65, 298-306.
  • Isa, M. T., Ameh, A. O., Tijjani, M., & Adama, K. K. (2012). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from Nigerian shrimps. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 6(1), 446-453.
  • Kabalak, M., Aracagök, D., & Torun, M. (2020). Extraction, characterization and comparison of chitins from large bodied four Coleoptera and Orthoptera species. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 145, 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.194
  • Kaya, M., Akata, I., Baran, T., & Menteş, A. (2014). Physicochemical Properties of Chitin and Chitosan Produced from Medicinal Fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola). Food Biophysics, 10, 162–168
  • Kaczmarek, M. B., Struszczyk-Swita, K., Li, X., Szczęsna-Antczak, M., & Daroch, M. (2019). Enzymatic modifications of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7, 243.
  • Kumari, S., Rath, P., Kumar, A. S. H., & Tiwari, T. N. (2015). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from fishery waste by chemical method. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 3, 77-85.
  • Luo, Q., Wang, Y., Han, Q., Ji, L., Zhang, H., Fei, Z., & Wang, Y. (2019). Comparison of the physicochemical, rheological, and morphologic properties of chitosan from four insects. Carbohydrate Polymers, 209, 266-275.
  • Majekodunmi, S. O., Olorunsola, E. O., & Uzoaganobi, C. C. (2017). Comparative physicochemical characterization of chitosan from shells of two bivalved mollusks from two different continents. American Journal of Polymer Science, 7(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajps.20170701.03
  • Marei, N. H., Abd El-Samie, E., Salah, T., Saad, G. R., & Elwahy, A. H. (2016). Isolation and characterization of chitosan from different local insects in Egypt. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 82, 871-877.
  • Mohan, K., Muralisankar, T., Jayakumar, R., & Rajeevgandhi, C. (2021). A study on structural comparisons of α-chitin extracted from marine crustacean shell waste. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, 2, 100037.
  • Nessa, F., Masum, S. M., Asaduzzaman, M., Roy, S., Hossain, M., & Jahan, M. (2011). A Process for the Preparation of Chitin and Chitosan from Prawn Shell Waste. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 45(4), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7330
  • Odili, C., Sekunowo, O., Gbenebour, P., & Adeosun, O. (2020). Characterization and properties comparison of Nigerian crab-shell extracts. Uşak University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 3(1), 1-12.
  • Öğretmen, Ö. Y., Karsli, B., & Çağlak, E. (2022). Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan from Pink Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) Shell Wastes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(3), 490-500 https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.861909
  • Phuong, P.T.D., Minh, N.C., Cuong, H.N., Minh, N. V., Han, N. T., Hoa, N.V., Yen, H.T.H., & Trung, T. S. (2017). Recovery of protein hydrolysate and chitosan from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) heads: approaching a zero waste process. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54, 1850-1856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2616-6
  • Rinaudo, M. Chitin and Chitosan. (2006). Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 31, 603-632.
  • Soltani, M., Parivar, K., Baharara, J., Kerachian, M. A., & Asili, J. (2015). Putative mechanism for apoptosis-inducing properties of crude saponin isolated from sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) as an antioxidant compound. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 18(2), 180.
  • Synowiecki, J., & Al-Khateeb, N. A. (2003). Production, properties, and some new applications of chitin and its derivatives. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 43(2), 145-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690390826473
  • Uğurlu, E., & Duysak, Ö. (2023). A study on the extraction of chitin and chitosan from the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum from İskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(8), 21416-21424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23728-9
  • Varma, R., & Vasudevan, S. (2020). Extraction, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of chitosan from horse mussel Modiolus modiolus. ACS Omega, 5(32), 20224-20230.
  • Varma, R., Vasudevan, S., Chelladurai, S., & Narayanasamy, A. (2021). Synthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics of Chitosan Extracted from Pinna deltoides. Letters in Applied NanoBioScience, 11(4), 4061-4070.
  • Yadav, P., Yadav, H., Shah, V. G., Shah, G., & Dhaka, G. (2015). Biomedical biopolymers, their origin and evolution in biomedical sciences: A systematic review. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(9), ZE21.
  • Younes, I., Rinaudo, M. (2015). Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Marine Drugs, 13(3), 1133-74.
  • Yuan, Y., Chesnutt, B. M., Haggard, W. O., & Bumgardner, J. D. (2011). Deacetylation of chitosan: Material characterization and in vitro evaluation via albumin adsorption and pre-osteoblastic cell cultures. Materials, 4(8), 1399-1416.
  • Zainol Abidin, N. A., Kormin, F., Zainol Abidin, N. A., Mohamed Anuar, N. A. F., & Abu Bakar, M. F. (2020). The potential of insects as alternative sources of chitin: An overview on the chemical method of extraction from various sources. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(14), 4978.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Erkan Uğurlu 0000-0001-8940-8421

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Uğurlu, E. (2024). Evaluation of Gastropods as Biomaterials: Monodonta turbinata (Born, 1780). Acta Aquatica Turcica, 20(2), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1301286