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Büyük Menderes Nehri (Türkiye'nin Batısı) Yüzey Suyu Kalitesinin Su Kalite Indeksi (WQI), Kapsamlı Kirlilik Indeksi (CPI) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (GIS) ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 108 - 127, 01.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1308181

Öz

Bu çalışma, Büyük Menderes nehrindeki bazı su kalite parametrelerini mekansal olarak su kalite ve kirlilik indeksleri ile incelemeyi, ayrıca çalışmada ölçülen hangi parametrenin indeksler üzerinde daha etkili olduğunu belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Ölçülen su kalite parametreleri Yüzey Suyu Sıcaklığı:16,5-25,9 oC, pH:7,5-9,3, Çözünmüş Oksijen:nd-12,2 mgL-1, Elektriksel İletkenlik:312-30215 µScm-1, Tuzluluk:0,17-19,6%o, Nitrit Azotu (NO2-N):nd-0,31 mgL-1, Nitrat Azotu (NO3-N):nd-1,08 mgL-1, Amonyum Azotu (NH4-N):0,035-25,2 mgL-1, Toplam Fosfor:0,011-7,45 mgL-1, Anyonik Yüzey Aktif Madde:nd-7,79 mgL-1 ve Kimyasal Oksijen İhtiyacı:nd-128,9 mgL-1 olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda Türkiye Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği (SKKY, Kıtaiçi yerüstü su kaynaklarının genel kimyasal ve fizikokimyasal parametreler açısından sınıflarına göre kalite kriterleri)’ne göre birden fazla parametrenin ikinci sınıf ve üçüncü sınıf su kalitesinde olduğu belirlendi. Su kalitesi indeksi değer aralığı akarsuda Kötü (38,82)-Mükemmel (92,35), kapsamlı kirlilik indeksi ise “Az Kirli (0,39)-Çok Kirli (9,62)” şekinde tespit edildi. Çalışma alanında çevresel risklerin belirlenmesinde kullanılan su kalite indeksi ve kapsamlı kirlilik indeksi arasında bir uyumun olmadığı belirlendi. Coğrafi bilgi sisteminin, elde edilen sonuçların mekansal dağılımının yorumlanmasında ve kontrol gerektiren kilit alanların belirlenmesinde etkili olduğu görüldü. Değişkenler arası ilişkilerin belirlenmesinde farklı istatistiksel analizler kullanıldı. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon (MLR) analizinde indeksleri etkileyen en önemli parametrenin NH4-N olduğu tespit edildi. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen su kalite indeksi ve kapsamlı kirlilik indeksi sonuçları antropojenik faaliyetlerin bölge üzerinde etkili olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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Assessment of Büyük Menderes River (West of the Türkiye) Surface Water Quality with Water Quality Index (WQI), Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 108 - 127, 01.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1308181

Öz

In the present study some of the water quality parameters were spatially examined with water quality and pollution indices in the Büyük Menderes River (BMR). In addition, the more effective parameters on the indices were determined among the parameters measured in the study. The measured water quality parameters were detected as WT:16.5-25.9 oC, pH:7.5-9.3, DO:nd-12.2 mgL-1, EC:312-30215 µScm-1, Salt:0.17-19.6 %o, NO2-N:nd-0.31 mgL-1, NO3-N:nd-1.08 mgL-1, NH4-N:0.035-25.2 mgL-1, TP:0.011-7.45 mgL-1, MBAS:nd-7.79 mgL-1 ve COD:nd-128.9 mgL-1. In the present study, several parameters were determined as the second class and third class of water quality according to the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation*. WQI value range was determined as from Bad (38.82) to Excellent (92.35), and CPI as from “Sub Clean (0.39) to Highly Polluted (9.62)” in the stream. It was determined that there was no compatibility between WQI and CPI used in determining the environmental risks in the study area. The GIS was found to be effective in interpreting the spatial distribution of the results obtained and in identifying the key areas that require control. Different statistical analyses were used to determine the relationships between variables. In multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, it was determined that the most critical parameter affecting the indices was NH4-N. The results obtained from WQI and CPI in the present study indicate that anthropogenic activities are effective in the region.
*:TWPCR, Quality criteria of inland surface water resources in terms of general chemical and physicochemical parameters by Class

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Akcay, H., Oguz, A., & Karapire, C. (2003). Study of heavy metal pollution and speciation in Buyak Menderes and Gediz river sediments. Water research, 37(4), 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00392-5
  • Aksever, F., & Büyükşahin, S. (2017). Assessment of variations in water quality using statistical techniques: a case study of Işıklı Lake, Çivril/Denizli, Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10(6), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-2877-4
  • Akyildiz, G. K., & Duran, M. (2021). Evaluation of the impact of heterogeneous environmental pollutants on benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality by long-term monitoring of the buyuk menderes river basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(5), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08981-8
  • Algül, F., & Beyhan, M. (2020). Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in shallow sediments in Lake Bafa, Turkey. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68833-2
  • Aminu, M., Matori, A. N., Yusof, K. W., Malakahmad, A., & Zainol, R. B. (2015). A GIS-based water quality model for sustainable tourism planning of Bertam River in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(10), 6525-6537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3873-6
  • APHA. (2017). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Washington: In American Public Health Association (APHA).
  • Basatnia, N., Hossein, S. A., Rodrigo-Comino, J., Khaledian, Y., Brevik, E. C., Aitkenhead-Peterson, J., & Natesan, U. (2018). Assessment of temporal and spatial water quality in international Gomishan Lagoon, Iran, using multivariate analysis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(5), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6679-2
  • Bellos, D., Sawidis, T., & Tsekos, I. (2004). Nutrient chemistry of river pinios (Thessalia, Greece). Environment International, 30(1), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00153-3
  • Boyd, C. E., & Tucker, C. S. (1992). Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. pp.188.
  • Bulut, C., Atay, R., Uysal, K., & Köse, E. (2012). Çivril Gölü Yüzey Suyu Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu University of Sciences & Technology-C: Life Sciences & Biotechnology, 2(1).
  • Chapman, D., Kimstach, V. (1996). Water Quality Assessments, A Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring. WHO by F & FN Spon, London
  • Çondur, F., & Cömertler, N. (2010). Çevre Kirliliği ve Yoksulluk İlişkisi: Büyük Menderes Havzasi Örneği. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 65-72. (in Turkish).
  • Döndü, M., Özdemir, N., Demirak, A., Doğan, H. M., Dincer, N. G., & Keskin, F. (2022). Seasonal assessment of the impact of fresh waters feeding the Bay of Gökova with water quality index (WQI) and comprehensive pollution index (CPI). Environmental Forensics, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2081889
  • Durkan, N., Işıloğlu, M., Kabar, K., & Doğan, Y. (2008). Heavy metal levels in some macrofungi from Büyük Menderes river basin, Turkey. Natura Montenegrina, Podgorica, 7(2) 465-473.
  • Durmaz, E., Kocagöz, R., Bilacan, E., & Orhan, H. (2017). Metal pollution in biotic and abiotic samples of the Büyük Menderes River, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(5), 4274-4283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6417-7
  • Elassassi, Z., Ougrad, I., Bedoui, I., Kara, M., El Bouch, M., Assouguem, A., ... & Chaouch, A. (2022). Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Water Quality of the Tiflet River, Province of Khemisset, Morocco. Water, 14(12), 1829. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121829
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  • Minareci, O., & Çakir, M. (2018). Adıgüzel Baraj Gölü’nde (Denizli/Türkiye) deterjan, fosfat, bor ve ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 8(1), 61-67. (in Turkish).
  • Minareci, O., Cakir, M., & Minareci, E. (2018). The study of surface water quality in Buyuk Menderes River (Turkey): determination of anionic detergent phosphate boron and some heavy metal contents. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(4), 5287-5298. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1604_52875298
  • Olsen, R. L., Chappell, R. W., & Loftis, J. C. (2012). Water quality sample collection, data treatment and results presentation for principal components analysis–literature review and Illinois River watershed case study. Water research, 46(9), 3110-3122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.028
  • Osman, A. G., & Kloas, W. (2010). Water quality and heavy metal monitoring in water, sediments, and tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Protection, 1(04), 389. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2010.14045
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  • Özdemir, N., Perktaş, M., & Döndü, M. (2022). Evaluation of Surface Water Quality Parameters by Multivariate Statistical Analyses in Northern Coastal Line of Gökova Bay (Muğla, Turkey). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 81-91.
  • Özdemir, N., Dokuyucu, A., Ceviz, N. A., Döndü, M., Demirak, A., & Keskin, F. (2023). A comparative assessment of the lagoons with water quality indexes and based on GIS: A study on the Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Forensics, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2023.2218661
  • Pesce, S. F., & Wunderlin, D. A. (2000). Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Córdoba City (Argentina) on Suquı́a River. Water research, 34(11), 2915-2926. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00036-1
  • Ram, A., Tiwari, S. K., Pandey, H. K., Chaurasia, A. K., Singh, S., & Singh, Y. V. (2021). Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework. Applied Water Science, 11(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01376-7
  • Rounds, S. A., Wilde, F. D., & Ritz, G. F. (2013). Dissolved oxygen (ver. 3.0). US Geological Survey Technology Water Resources Investment, 9-A6.
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  • Singh, K. P., Malik, A., & Sinha, S. (2005). Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources of Gomti river (India) using multivariate statistical techniques-a case study. Analytica Chimica Acta, 538(1-2), 355-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.02.006
  • Son, C. T., Giang, N. T. H., Thao, T. P., Nui, N. H., Lam, N. T., & Cong, V. H. (2020). Assessment of Cau River water quality assessment using a combination of water quality and pollution indices. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua, 69(2), 160-172. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.122
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  • Şener, Ş., Şener, E., & Davraz, A. (2017). Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey). Science of the Total Environment, 584, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.102
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  • Yılmaz, E., Koç, C., & Gerasimov, I. (2020). A study on the evaluation of the water quality status for the Büyük Menderes River, Turkey. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 6(6), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00456-x
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Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Su Kaynakları ve Su Yapıları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nigar Zeynalova 0000-0002-4625-1986

Ahmet Demirak 0000-0002-6815-8037

Mustafa Döndü 0000-0003-1441-539X

Feyyaz Keskin 0000-0002-2813-994X

Proje Numarası -
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Zeynalova, N., Demirak, A., Döndü, M., Keskin, F. (2023). Assessment of Büyük Menderes River (West of the Türkiye) Surface Water Quality with Water Quality Index (WQI), Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Acta Aquatica Turcica, 20(2), 108-127. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1308181