Sigara İzmaritleri ve Filtrelerinin Çevresel Tehditleri: Artemia salina L. Kullanılarak Akuatik Ekosistemlerdeki Toksisitenin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 300 - 311

Emine Sadıç , Tülay Aşkın Çelik

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1634689

Öz

Sigara izmaritleri ve filtreleri, çevrede bozulmadan kalır, yağmur suyu ile su yollarını kirletir ve akuatik ekosistemlere zarar verir. Araştırmalar, selüloz asetat bazlı filtrelerin biyolojik olarak çözünebilen olmayan ve sucul organizmaları olumsuz etkileyen nikotin, arsenik, poliaromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH'lar) ve ağır metaller gibi toksik maddeler saldığını göstermektedir. Bu kirlilik, gıda zincirini ve sucul ekosistemlerdeki biyolojik çeşitliliği tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hafif ve normal sigara izmaritlerinin ve filtrelerinin potansiyel sitotoksik etkileri, Artemia salina L. (tuzlu su karidesi) Letalite Testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. A. salina üzerindeki in vivo sitotoksik etkiler, sigara izmariti ve filtre sızıntılarının (10 ppm-1000 ppm) farklı konsantrasyonlarına 24-48 saat süreyle maruz bırakılmasının ardından değerlendirilmiştir. Hayatta kalma oranları ve toksisite, Probit analizi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. A. salina Letalite Testi'nden elde edilen sonuçlar, sigara izmariti ve filtre sızıntılarının konsantrasyonunun artmasıyla hayatta kalma oranlarında bir azalma olduğunu ve 48 saatlik maruz kalma sonrası letalite oranında belirgin bir düşüş gözlendiğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, sigara izmaritleri ve filtrelerinde bulunan kimyasal bileşiklerin sucul organizmalar üzerinde sitotoksik etkiler gösterebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Sonuçlar, özellikle selüloz asetat filtreleri içeren sigara izmaritlerinin, sucul ekosistemlere ciddi bir çevresel tehdit oluşturduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, sucul ekosistemlerin korunmasına önemli bir katkı sağlamakta ve sigara izmariti atığının çevresel etkilerinin daha geniş bir şekilde araştırılması gerektiğine dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artemia salina L. , Sigara izmariti , Sigara izmariti sızıntısı , Sitotoksisite , Ekotoksikoloji

The Environmental Hazards of Cigarette Butts and Filters: Evaluating Toxicity in Aquatic Ecosystems Using Artemia salina L.

Öz

Cigarette butts and filters persist in the environment without degrading, contaminating waterways through rainwater runoff and damaging aquatic ecosystems. Studies indicate that cellulose acetate-based filters are non-biodegradable and release toxic substances-such as nicotine, arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals-that adversely affect aquatic organisms. This pollution threatens the food chain and biodiversity within aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the potential cytotoxic effects of light and regular cigarette butts and their filter leachates were evaluated using the Letality Assay on Artemia salina L. (brine shrimp). The in vivo cytotoxic effects on A. salina were assessed after exposure to varying concentrations (10 ppm-1000 ppm) of cigarette butt and filter leachates for 24-48 hours. Viability rates and toxicity were calculated using Probit analysis. Results from the A. salina Letality Assay indicated a decrease in survival rates correlated with increased concentrations of cigarette butt and filter leachates, with a notable decline in lethality observed after 48 hours of exposure. These findings suggest that the chemical compounds in cigarette butts and filters may exert cytotoxic effects on aquatic organisms. The results highlight that cigarette butts, particularly those containing cellulose acetate filters, pose a serious environmental threat to aquatic ecosystems. This study makes an important contribution to the protection of aquatic ecosystems and underscores the need for broader investigation into the environmental impacts of cigarette butt waste.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artemia salina L. , Cigarette butt , Cigaratte butt leachate , Cytotoxicity , Ecotoxicology

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that this study did not involve any experiments with human or animal subjects and therefore did not require ethics committee approval.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey, for providing the necessary laboratory facilities for this study. This research is part of the master's thesis titled "Investigation of the Phytotoxic, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Effects of Light Cigarette Butt Water Using Different Test Methods."

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