Elektrikli Araç Şarj ve Haberleşme Protokollerinin Gözden Geçirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 50 - 79, 28.06.2024

Mehmet Burak Arslan Şaban Özdemir

Öz

Günümüzde küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği gibi etkenler çevresel farkındalığı artırmıştır. Buna istinaden çevresel, ekonomik ve kaynak kıtlığı gibi sebeplere bağlı olarak elektrikli araçlara olan talep her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda dünya genelinde 2030’lara kadar 125 milyon elektrikli aracın yollarda olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Elektrikli araç teknolojisinin şu ana kadar petrol kaynaklı yakıt tüketen araçlara göre geride kalmasının ana nedeni, bu alandaki teknolojinin henüz yeterli seviyeye ulaşamamasıdır. Özellikle batarya teknolojisinde güç yoğunluğu, güvenlik ve şarj süresi gibi etkenler bu durumu daha çok etkilemiştir. Ayrıca tüm elektrikli araçlar tarafından kullanılan ortak bir şarj ve haberleşme protokolü henüz kabul görmemiştir. Dahası orta gerilimden ve megawatt sınıfında şarj konusunda henüz bir standart dahi bulunmamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda batarya ve şarj sistemleri devamlı gelişmektedir. Bu çalışmada elektrikli araçların şarj sistemleri için kullanılan ulusal ve uluslararası standartlar incelenerek karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Yaygın olarak kullanılan şarj standartları kablolu, kablosuz ve batarya değişimi olarak üçe ayrılmaktadır. CHAdeMO, GB/T, US -COMBO CSS1, EURO-COMBO CSS2, TESLA ve Chaoji gibi güncel kablolu şarj standartları incelenmiştir. Böylece, elektrikli araç şarj sistemlerinde kullanılan standartların genel özellikleri, elektriksel kabiliyetleri, bağlantı tipleri, haberleşme protokolü yapıları, hangi standardın hangi haberleşme protokolünü kullandığı ve bu haberleşme standartlarının genel yapıları incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Batarya, CAN-bus, Elektrikli araç, Güç hattı haberleşmesi, Şarj sistemleri

Review of the Charging System and Communication Protocols of the Electric Vehicles

Öz

Today, factors like global warming, climate change have heightened environmental awareness. Consequently, the demand for electric vehicles is steadily rising due to considerations such as environmental impact, economic factors. In this regard, it is estimated that 125 million electric vehicles will be on the roads worldwide by 2030. The primary reason for the lag in electric vehicle technology is that the technology in this field has not yet reached a sufficient level. Especially in battery technology, factors such as power density, safety and charging time have affected this situation. Additionally, a common charging and communication standard has yet to be developed. Furthermore, there is no a standard for medium voltage and megawatt class charging system. In this study, international standards used for charging systems of electric vehicles were studied. Commonly used charging standards are divided into three subdivisions: wired, wireless and battery replacement. Also, charging standards such as CHAdeMO, GB/T, US -COMBO CSS1, EURO-COMBO CSS2, TESLA and Chaoji are studied. These standards categorized in terms of maximum power they provide, connector type, and communication protocols. Hence, the general characteristics of the standards, their electrical capabilities, connection types, communication protocol structures, and the general structures of these communication standards are introduced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Battery, CAN-Bus, Charging systems, Electric vehicle, Power line communication

Kaynakça

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