İnsan Hakları ve İslami Perspektiften Göçmenlerin Hakları

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 67, 105 - 150, 17.11.2021

Hacı Ali Açıkgül

Öz

İnsanlık tarihi sürekli olarak göç olgusuna tanıklık etmektedir. Göç, gerek iç gerekse de dış kaynaklı olmak üzere sosyal, siyasi, ekonomik, dini vs çok değişik sebepten kaynaklanabilmektedir. Günümüzde malesef gerek siyasi istikrarsızlıklar gerekse de ekonomik ya da diğer nedenlerle islam coğrafyasında çok fazla sayıda toplu göçe tanıklık etmekteyiz.
Evini, yurdunu, memleketini bırakıp bilmediği yerlerde yaşamak zorunda kalan göçmenler de bir insan olarak İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi’nde belirlenen haklara sahiptir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada uluslararası insan hakları belgeleri ve islami ilkeler çerçevesinde göçmenlerin hakları incelenmiştir.
Giriş bölümünde tarihte yaşanan önemli göçlere ile İslam tarihinin dönüm noktası olan Hicret ve devamındaki gelişmeler göçmen boyutu itibariyle ele alınmış, zorla ve gönüllü göçün nedenleri kısaca incelenmiştir.
Ikinci bölümde göçmenlerle ilgili olarak uluslarararası insan hakları belgelerinde belirtilen temel haklar incelenmiş, göçmenler ile ilgili çalışma yürüten uluslarası organizyonlardan kısaca bahsedilmiştir.
Üçüncü bölümde islami prensipler ve uluslararası belgelerde bilirtilen ilkeler ışığında göçmenlerin insan hakları ortaya konulmuştur.
Sonuç bölümünde ise çalışmamızda vardığımız tespitler dile getirilmiş ve başta İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı ve üye ülkeleri olmak üzere imuhataplara göçmenlerin haklarıyla ilgili çeşitli tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan hakları, geri göndermeme, göç, göçmen hakları, Cenevre Sözleşmeleri, BMMYK, İnsan hakları, geri göndermeme, göç, göçmen hakları, Cenevre Sözleşmeleri, BMMYK, İnsan hakları, geri göndermeme, göç, göçmen hakları, Cenevre Sözleşmeleri, BMMYK

RIGHTS OF MIGRANTS FROM ISLAMIC AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE

Öz

The history of humanity constantly bears witness to the phenomenon of migration. Migration can be caused by many different reasons such as social, political, economic, religious, etc., both internal and external. Today, unfortunately, we are witnessing a large number of mass migration in the Islamic geography due to political instability as well as economic or other reasons.
Immigrants, who have to leave their home, country or homeland and live in places they do not know, have the rights set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as human beings. For this reason, in this study, the rights of migrants have been examined within the framework of international human rights documents and Islamic principles.
In the introduction part, important migrations in history, the Hijrah, which is the turning point of Islamic history, and the subsequent developments are discussed in terms of the migration dimension, and the causes of forced and voluntary migration are briefly examined.
In the second part, the basic rights stated in the international human rights documents regarding the migrants are examined, and the international organizations working on the migrants are briefly mentioned.
In the third part, the human rights of migrants are presented in the light of Islamic principles and principles declared in international documents.
In the conclusion part, the findings we reached in our study were expressed and various recommendations were made to the interlocutors, especially the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and its member countries, regarding the rights of migrants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human rights, non – refoulement, immigration, rights of migrant, Geneva Conventions, UNHCR., Human rights, non – refoulement, immigration, rights of migrant, Geneva Conventions, UNHCR.

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