BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER UYUŞTURUCU KONTROL KURULU’NUN HÜKÜMETLERE TIBBİ KANNABİS VE KANNABİNOİD PROGRAMLARI HAKKINDAKİ TAVSİYELERİ

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 68, 15 - 31, 21.06.2022

Sevil Atasoy

Öz

Bazı ülke hükümetleri, ölümcül kanser, epilepsi ve nörolojik bozukluklar gibi belirli sağlık sorunları olan hastaların semptomlarını hafifletmek amacıyla kannabis (esrar) ve kannabinoid kullanılmasına izin veren yasaları onayladı. Tıbbi kannabis programlarının bir bölümü, uluslararası uyuşturucu kontrol anlaşmalarının şart koştuğu düzenleme ve denetimleri içermediğinden halk sağlığını olumsuz etkilemiş ve kannabisin tıbbi olmayan kullanıma yönlendirilmesine neden olmuştur. Kötü yönetilen tıbbi kannabis programlarının azalttığı risk algısı, uluslararası uyuşturucu kontrol anlaşmalarını ihlal edecek şekilde, bazı ülkelerde tedavi dışı esrar kullanımının yasallaşmasını kolaylaştırmış olabilir. Bu yazıda uluslararası anlaşmaların kanna- bisin tıbbi kullanımına imkan verdiği koşullar özetlenmiş, kannabinoid tüketiminin güvenliği ve etkinliği, kullanım şekilleri gözönüne alınarak kısaca değerlendirilmiştir. Kannabinoidlerin tıbbi kullanımına izin veren çeşitli yasal yaklaşımların yararları ve sakıncaları ile kannabisin tedavi dışı kullanıma yönlendirilme riskleri de tartışılmıştır. Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Narkotik Kontrol Kurulu (INCB), Uyuşturucu Maddelere Dair 1961 Tek Sözleşmesi ile kurulmuş olup, uluslararası uyuşturucu kontrol sözleşmelerinin uygulanışını izleyen bağımsız ve yarı yargısal bir organdır. Bu yazı INCB’nin, Devletlerin uluslararası uyuşturucu kontrol anlaşmaları ile uyumlu tıbbi kannabinoid programlarını nasıl uygulaması gerektiğine ilişkin tavsiyelerine yer vermekte, ayrıca gereği gibi düzenlenmeyen tıbbi kannabinoid programlarının, esrarın keyif amaçlı kullanımını yasallaştırma çabalarını nasıl kolaylaştırdığını tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Uyuşturucu Kontrol Kurulu - kannabis - kannabinoid - esrar - tıbbi kannabinoid - A-9-Tetrahidrokannabinol - kanna- bidiol, Uluslararası Uyuşturucu Kontrol Kurulu, kannabis - kannabinoid - esrar - tıbbi kannabinoid, A-9-Tetrahidrokannabinol - kanna- bidiol

Recommendations of the United Nations International Narcotics Control Board to Member States on Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoid Programmes

Öz

Several states' governments have app- roved legislations allowing patients with certain health problems, such as terminal cancer, epilepsy, and neurological disorders, to use cannabis and cannabinoids to relieve their symptoms. Some medical cannabis programmes have had a negative impact on public health due to a lack of adequate regulation in accordance with international drug control treaties, resulting in cannabis being diver- ted to non-medical usage. Poorly managed medi- cinal cannabis programmes, as well as a decreased sense of risk, may have influenced the legalization of non-medical cannabis use in some nations, in violation of international drug control treaties. The criteria under which international treaties permit the medical use of cannabis are outlined in this paper. A brief assessment of the information on the safety and effectiveness of cannabinoids for various forms of medical use is also included. The benefits and drawbacks of various legislative approaches to allowing the medical use of cannabinoids, as well as the risks of cannabis being diverted to non-medical use, are also discussed. This paper concludes with recommendations of the United Nations Internati- onal Narcotics Control Board (INCB) the indepen- dent and quasi-judicial monitoring body for the implementation of the United Nations internatio- nal drug control conventions, on how States should implement medical cannabinoid programmes that comply with the requirements of international drug control treaties, as well as a discussion of how weak regulated medicinal cannabinoid program- mes may facilitate effords to legalize the non- medical use of cannabis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Narcotics Control Board - cannabis - cannabinoids - medical cannabis - medicinal cannabinoids - drug control conventi- ons - A-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol - cannabidiol

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