Araştırma Makalesi
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The Tolstoy Foundation and Operation in Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 333 - 356, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.640337

Öz

In this study, Tolstoy Foundation and the activities in Turkey are discussed. The Foundation played a role in breaking the relations between the USA and the USSR at the very beginning of the Cold War due to its activities. The foundation, which played an active role in the Cold War, shows how non-governmental organizations played an active role in the security-centered process. Founded by Alexandra Tolstoy, daughter of the famous writer Leo N. Tolstoy, Tolstoy Foundation has carried out aid activities in many parts of the world since its establishment. The foundation, which was founded to help Russian refugees, has provided aid to war-affected people in many parts of the world since the Second World War. This enabled some of the refugees to immigrate to the USA. Drawing attention with the activities it carried out in Europe, Asia and South America during the Cold War years, the biggest supporter of the foundation has been the USA government. With this support, it became a part of the struggle of the USA against the USSR during the Cold War years. Molokans and Don Cossacks continued their long years of living in Turkey have decided to migrate because they can not be married. Tolstoy Foundation officials came to Turkey has tried to persuade them to emigrate to Western Bloc countries including the USA these communities. On the one hand, the USSR officials came face to face with the Tolstoy Foundation for the activities that the communities carry out to return to their homeland. In this process, the territory of Turkey has been the scene of a feud in the shadow of the Cold War. Some of the communities migrated to the USA after the work of the Tolstoy Foundation. Foundation acted in partnership with US official institutions in these activities.

Kaynakça

  • Akçayöz, V. (2015). Annem Sara ve Malakanlar, Kars: Serhat Kalkınma Ajansı. Anderson, P. B. (1958). The Tolstoy Foundation, The Russian Review, 17, 60-66. Antley, J. (2016). Measuring Tolstoy’s Peasants: Old Believer Settlement in Oregon through the 1960’s and 1970’s, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Lawrance: University of Kansas. Aralov, S.İ. (1985). Bir Sovyet Diplomatının Türkiye Anıları, Çev. Hasan Ali Ediz, Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Yayınları. Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi, Kararlar Daire Başkanlığı, 179.46.1, 06 Ağustos 1964. Bigart, H. (1966). Membert of Russian Religious Group Who Came to the U.S. After a Stay in Turkey Thrive in New Jersey. The New York Times, 27 April 1966. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1948a). Soviet Propaganda in Argentina, CIA-RDP82-00457R001900460005-0, 5 Ekim 1948. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1948b) , U.S. Rejects Soviet Charges Concerning Refusal of Two Russian Teachers to Return to Soviet Union, CIA-RDP57-00384R000100100022-8, 29 Ağustos 1948. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA (1952). Inventory of Resources Pressently Avaliabla For Psychological Operations Planning, CIA-RDP80-01065A000100010009-7, 5 Ocak 1952. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1959a). Letter To Miss Alexandra Tolstoy From Allen W. Dulles, CIA-RDP80R01731R000300090029-3, 31 Temmuz 1959. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1959b). Letter To Miss Alexandra Tolstoy From Allen W. Dulles, CIA-RDP80R01731R000300090062-6, 18 Şubat 1959. Chester, E. T. (1996). Covert Network, Progressives, The International Rescue Committee, and the CIA, New York: M.E. Sharpe Publ., 1996. Eröz, M. (1962). Türkiye’de İslav Muhacirleri ve Kazaklar Etrafında Bazı Kaynaklar, Sosyoloji Konferansları, 3, 121-136. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10267. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10264. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10260. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10262. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10268. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10265. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10280-10149. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10297. Feinberg, A. (1948a). Russian Factions Here War Over ‘Kidnapping’ of Woman; Soviet Teacher Tells Bizarre Story of Man’s Drugging Her, but White Group Says Reds Took Here From Tolstoy Home, The New York Times, 8 Ağustos 1948. Feinberg, A. (1948b). Samarin to Emerge From Hiding Today; Congress Subpoenas Await Russian Teacher and Wife as Police Hunt for Them Samarin Awaiting Federal Subpoena”,The New York Times, 10 Ağustos 1948. Fındıkoğlu, Z. F. (1962). Türkiye’de İslav Muhacirleri, Sosyoloji Konferansları, 3, 1-30. Fındıkoğlu, Z. F. (1963). Türkiye’den Rusya ve Amerika’ya Göç Eden İslav Muhacirleri, Sosyoloji Konferansları, 4, 56-92. Finch, J. (1978).A Refugee at Tolstoy Farm, The New York Times, 15 Ocak 1978. Foreign Relations of the United States FRUS. (1948f). The Secretary of State to the Ambassador of the Soviet Union (Panyushkin), 1948, Eastern Europe, The Soviet Union Volume IV, Document 684, 311.6115/8-2448, 9 Eylül 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948a). The Embassy of the Soviet Union to the Department of State, Volume IV, Document 671, 311.6115/8-948, No: 143, 9 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948b). The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investifation (Hoover) to the Chief of the Division of Foreign Activity Correlation (Neal), 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 669, 702.6111/8-948, 9 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948c). The Embassy of the Soviet Union to the Department of State, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 671, 311.6115/8-948, No.143, 9 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948d). The Department of State to the Embassy of the Soviet Union, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 681, 702-611/8-1948, 19 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948e). The Ambassador of the Soviet Union (Panyushhin) to the Secretary of State, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 682, 311.6115/8-2448, No.156, 24 Ağustos 1948. Hausner, E. (1963). Columbia to Study Ways of Stemming Flight to Suburbs; Newly Arrived Sect Brings a Colorful Touch of the Old World to U.S. The New York Times, 6 June 1963. Johnson, I. (2012). Münih’te Bir Cami Naziler, CIA ve Müslüman Kardeşlerin Batıdaki Doğuşu, Çev. Serhat Ataman, İstanbul: Mikado Yayınları. Kıyanç S. (2014). Malakanlar, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi. Kıyanç, S. ve Akça, B. (2017). Malakanların Anadolu’daki İzleri, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(39), 22-43. Kneeland, D. E. (1975a). Drive The Resettle Most of Refugees Slows to Trickle, The New York Times, 25 May 1975. Kneeland, D. E. (1975b). Refugee Job Plan Snarled On Coast, The New York Times, 15 Ekim 1975. Woodspecial, L. (1948). Envoy Files Note; Protests ‘Kidnapping’ Assails Tolstoy Group as Violation of Pact He Gives Story to Press Conference With Reports is Almost Unprecedented Lovett to Await Facts Soviet Envoy Makes a Demand Russia Demands U.S. Give Up Man, The New York Times, 10 Ağustos 1948. Milliyet Gazetesi (1962). Komünizm Propagandası Yapan 3 Malakan Yakalandı, 17 Şubat 1962. Milliyet Gazetesi (1963). 225 Malakan ve Kazak Amerika’ya Gitti, 05 Haziran 1963. Petersen A. (1963). “Welcome is Given to Old Believers”, The New York Times, 6 June 1963. Rusk, H. A. (1956). Doctors Flee Hungary; A Report on the Refugee Physicians And Difficulties They Face to Practice Acute Shortage Reported New Problems Posed, The New York Times, 26 Aralık 1956. Schaufuss, T. (1939). The White Russian Refugees, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 203, 45-54. Schumacher, E. (1979). Alexandra Tolstoy is Deat at 95; Author’s Daughter Aided Refugees, The New York Times, 27 Eylül 1979. Shenker I. (1974). Alexandra Tolstoy, at 90, Is Honored for Lifetime of Helping Others, The New York Times, 2 Temmuz 1974. Somuncuoğlu, S. (2004). Don Kazakları. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları. Tellal, E. (2000). Uluslararası ve Bölgesel Gelişmeler Çerçevesinde SSCB-Türkiye İlişkileri 1953-1964, Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Vakfı Yayınları, 2000. Teymuraz K. Bagration, “Biographies of Alexandra Tolstoy”, http://www.tolstoyfoundation.org/tolstoy.html (Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2019). The New York Times (1941). Russians Open Farm as Home and Camp; Colorful Religious Fete Held at Center in Rockland, 7 Temmuz 1941. The New York Times (1948). Russian Her Asks Protection of U.S.; Denounces Soviet; Second Teacher That Consul Seeks to ‘Recue’ Want to Avoid Being Shipped Home Congress Unit Would Act Wishes to İnterrogate Women Taken to Consulate Saturday From Tolstoy Farm Russian Here Askes U.S. Protection, 9 Ağustos 1948. The New York Times. (1955). 1.118 Refugees in Today; 199 to Resettle in This State, Bringing Total to 12.800, 26 Eylül 1955. The New York Times (1956a). Agencies Helping Refugees Listed; Clearing House Here Urges Gift to Hungarian Exiles Be Made on Local Level Where to Send Clothing, 16 Aralık 1956. The New York Times (1956b). Flights to U.S. Being Arranged For 5.000 Hungarian Refugees; First Plane May Arrive at Camp Kilmer This Week Resettlement Agency Foresees No Transit Problems Sixty-two Reach London, 18 Kasım 1956. The New York Times. (1963). Last 250 Russians in Old Sect in Turkey Will Resettle, in U.S.; Flight to Rockland Approved For Group Under Pressure to Return to Soviet Old Russian Sect to Settle in U.S., 22 April 1963. Toğrol B. B. (1987). The Kuban Cossacks of Manyas Turkey and “The Cossaks” of Leo Tolstoy, Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, 15, 125-146. Tolstoy, A. (1981). Out Of the Past, New York: Columbia University Press. Türkdoğan, O. (2005), Malakanların Toplumsal Yapısı, İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık. Wilson, R. N. (1968), World Refugee Report, United States Committee For Refugees. Wright, G. C. (1963). Old Believers Adjust to Life and Learning in U.S.; Members of Sect Retain Traditions After Immigration From Turkey. The New York Times, 12 July 1963.

Tolstoy Vakfı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 333 - 356, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.640337

Öz

Bu çalışmada Tolstoy Vakfı ve Türkiye’deki faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır. Vakıf yürüttüğü faaliyetler nedeniyle Soğuk Savaş’ın hemen başında ABD ile SSCB ilişkilerinin kırılmasında rol oynamıştır. Soğuk Savaş sürecinde etkin rol üstlenen vakıf, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının güvenlik merkezli süreçte nasıl etkin rol üstlendiğini göstermektedir. Ünlü yazar Lev N. Tolstoy’un kızı Aleksandra Tolstoy tarafından kurulan Tolstoy Vakfı, kuruluşundan itibaren dünyanın birçok yerinde yardım faaliyetleri yürütmüştür. Kuruluş amacı Rus mültecilere yardım etmek olan vakıf, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan itibaren dünyanın birçok yerinde savaştan etkilenmiş insanlara yardım sağlamıştır. Bu mültecilerin bir kısmının ABD’ye gitmesini sağlamıştır. Soğuk Savaş yıllarında Avrupa’da, Asya’da ve Güney Amerika’da yürüttüğü faaliyetler ile dikkat çeken vakfın bu süreçte en büyük destekçisi ABD hükümeti olmuştur. Bu destek ile Soğuk Savaş yıllarında ABD’nin SSCB karşısında yürüttüğü mücadelenin bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’de uzun yıllardır yaşamlarını sürdüren Malakanlar ve Don Kazakları evlenememelerinden ötürü göç etmeye karar vermişlerdi. Bu karar sonrasında Tolstoy Vakfı yetkilileri Türkiye’ye gelerek bu toplulukları başta ABD olmak üzere Batı Bloku ülkelerine gitmeleri için ikna etmeye çalışmıştır. Bir taraftan da SSCB yetkilileri toplulukların anavatanlarına dönmeleri için sürdürdükleri faaliyetler nedeniyle Tolstoy Vakfı ile karşı karşıya gelmişlerdir. Bu süreçte Türkiye toprakları Soğuk Savaş’ın gölgesinde bir çekişmeye sahne olmuştur. Tolstoy Vakfı’nın çalışmaları sonrasında toplulukların bir kısmı ABD’ye gitmiştir. Vakfı bu faaliyetlerinde ABD resmi kurumlarıyla ortak hareket etmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akçayöz, V. (2015). Annem Sara ve Malakanlar, Kars: Serhat Kalkınma Ajansı. Anderson, P. B. (1958). The Tolstoy Foundation, The Russian Review, 17, 60-66. Antley, J. (2016). Measuring Tolstoy’s Peasants: Old Believer Settlement in Oregon through the 1960’s and 1970’s, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Lawrance: University of Kansas. Aralov, S.İ. (1985). Bir Sovyet Diplomatının Türkiye Anıları, Çev. Hasan Ali Ediz, Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Yayınları. Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi, Kararlar Daire Başkanlığı, 179.46.1, 06 Ağustos 1964. Bigart, H. (1966). Membert of Russian Religious Group Who Came to the U.S. After a Stay in Turkey Thrive in New Jersey. The New York Times, 27 April 1966. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1948a). Soviet Propaganda in Argentina, CIA-RDP82-00457R001900460005-0, 5 Ekim 1948. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1948b) , U.S. Rejects Soviet Charges Concerning Refusal of Two Russian Teachers to Return to Soviet Union, CIA-RDP57-00384R000100100022-8, 29 Ağustos 1948. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA (1952). Inventory of Resources Pressently Avaliabla For Psychological Operations Planning, CIA-RDP80-01065A000100010009-7, 5 Ocak 1952. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1959a). Letter To Miss Alexandra Tolstoy From Allen W. Dulles, CIA-RDP80R01731R000300090029-3, 31 Temmuz 1959. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. (1959b). Letter To Miss Alexandra Tolstoy From Allen W. Dulles, CIA-RDP80R01731R000300090062-6, 18 Şubat 1959. Chester, E. T. (1996). Covert Network, Progressives, The International Rescue Committee, and the CIA, New York: M.E. Sharpe Publ., 1996. Eröz, M. (1962). Türkiye’de İslav Muhacirleri ve Kazaklar Etrafında Bazı Kaynaklar, Sosyoloji Konferansları, 3, 121-136. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10267. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10264. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10260. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10262. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10268. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10265. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10280-10149. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI HSCA Subject Files, NARA Record Number: 124-10224-10297. Feinberg, A. (1948a). Russian Factions Here War Over ‘Kidnapping’ of Woman; Soviet Teacher Tells Bizarre Story of Man’s Drugging Her, but White Group Says Reds Took Here From Tolstoy Home, The New York Times, 8 Ağustos 1948. Feinberg, A. (1948b). Samarin to Emerge From Hiding Today; Congress Subpoenas Await Russian Teacher and Wife as Police Hunt for Them Samarin Awaiting Federal Subpoena”,The New York Times, 10 Ağustos 1948. Fındıkoğlu, Z. F. (1962). Türkiye’de İslav Muhacirleri, Sosyoloji Konferansları, 3, 1-30. Fındıkoğlu, Z. F. (1963). Türkiye’den Rusya ve Amerika’ya Göç Eden İslav Muhacirleri, Sosyoloji Konferansları, 4, 56-92. Finch, J. (1978).A Refugee at Tolstoy Farm, The New York Times, 15 Ocak 1978. Foreign Relations of the United States FRUS. (1948f). The Secretary of State to the Ambassador of the Soviet Union (Panyushkin), 1948, Eastern Europe, The Soviet Union Volume IV, Document 684, 311.6115/8-2448, 9 Eylül 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948a). The Embassy of the Soviet Union to the Department of State, Volume IV, Document 671, 311.6115/8-948, No: 143, 9 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948b). The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investifation (Hoover) to the Chief of the Division of Foreign Activity Correlation (Neal), 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 669, 702.6111/8-948, 9 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948c). The Embassy of the Soviet Union to the Department of State, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 671, 311.6115/8-948, No.143, 9 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948d). The Department of State to the Embassy of the Soviet Union, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 681, 702-611/8-1948, 19 Ağustos 1948. Foreign Relations of the United States, FRUS. (1948e). The Ambassador of the Soviet Union (Panyushhin) to the Secretary of State, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Volume IV, Document 682, 311.6115/8-2448, No.156, 24 Ağustos 1948. Hausner, E. (1963). Columbia to Study Ways of Stemming Flight to Suburbs; Newly Arrived Sect Brings a Colorful Touch of the Old World to U.S. The New York Times, 6 June 1963. Johnson, I. (2012). Münih’te Bir Cami Naziler, CIA ve Müslüman Kardeşlerin Batıdaki Doğuşu, Çev. Serhat Ataman, İstanbul: Mikado Yayınları. Kıyanç S. (2014). Malakanlar, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi. Kıyanç, S. ve Akça, B. (2017). Malakanların Anadolu’daki İzleri, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(39), 22-43. Kneeland, D. E. (1975a). Drive The Resettle Most of Refugees Slows to Trickle, The New York Times, 25 May 1975. Kneeland, D. E. (1975b). Refugee Job Plan Snarled On Coast, The New York Times, 15 Ekim 1975. Woodspecial, L. (1948). Envoy Files Note; Protests ‘Kidnapping’ Assails Tolstoy Group as Violation of Pact He Gives Story to Press Conference With Reports is Almost Unprecedented Lovett to Await Facts Soviet Envoy Makes a Demand Russia Demands U.S. Give Up Man, The New York Times, 10 Ağustos 1948. Milliyet Gazetesi (1962). Komünizm Propagandası Yapan 3 Malakan Yakalandı, 17 Şubat 1962. Milliyet Gazetesi (1963). 225 Malakan ve Kazak Amerika’ya Gitti, 05 Haziran 1963. Petersen A. (1963). “Welcome is Given to Old Believers”, The New York Times, 6 June 1963. Rusk, H. A. (1956). Doctors Flee Hungary; A Report on the Refugee Physicians And Difficulties They Face to Practice Acute Shortage Reported New Problems Posed, The New York Times, 26 Aralık 1956. Schaufuss, T. (1939). The White Russian Refugees, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 203, 45-54. Schumacher, E. (1979). Alexandra Tolstoy is Deat at 95; Author’s Daughter Aided Refugees, The New York Times, 27 Eylül 1979. Shenker I. (1974). Alexandra Tolstoy, at 90, Is Honored for Lifetime of Helping Others, The New York Times, 2 Temmuz 1974. Somuncuoğlu, S. (2004). Don Kazakları. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları. Tellal, E. (2000). Uluslararası ve Bölgesel Gelişmeler Çerçevesinde SSCB-Türkiye İlişkileri 1953-1964, Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Vakfı Yayınları, 2000. Teymuraz K. Bagration, “Biographies of Alexandra Tolstoy”, http://www.tolstoyfoundation.org/tolstoy.html (Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2019). The New York Times (1941). Russians Open Farm as Home and Camp; Colorful Religious Fete Held at Center in Rockland, 7 Temmuz 1941. The New York Times (1948). Russian Her Asks Protection of U.S.; Denounces Soviet; Second Teacher That Consul Seeks to ‘Recue’ Want to Avoid Being Shipped Home Congress Unit Would Act Wishes to İnterrogate Women Taken to Consulate Saturday From Tolstoy Farm Russian Here Askes U.S. Protection, 9 Ağustos 1948. The New York Times. (1955). 1.118 Refugees in Today; 199 to Resettle in This State, Bringing Total to 12.800, 26 Eylül 1955. The New York Times (1956a). Agencies Helping Refugees Listed; Clearing House Here Urges Gift to Hungarian Exiles Be Made on Local Level Where to Send Clothing, 16 Aralık 1956. The New York Times (1956b). Flights to U.S. Being Arranged For 5.000 Hungarian Refugees; First Plane May Arrive at Camp Kilmer This Week Resettlement Agency Foresees No Transit Problems Sixty-two Reach London, 18 Kasım 1956. The New York Times. (1963). Last 250 Russians in Old Sect in Turkey Will Resettle, in U.S.; Flight to Rockland Approved For Group Under Pressure to Return to Soviet Old Russian Sect to Settle in U.S., 22 April 1963. Toğrol B. B. (1987). The Kuban Cossacks of Manyas Turkey and “The Cossaks” of Leo Tolstoy, Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, 15, 125-146. Tolstoy, A. (1981). Out Of the Past, New York: Columbia University Press. Türkdoğan, O. (2005), Malakanların Toplumsal Yapısı, İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık. Wilson, R. N. (1968), World Refugee Report, United States Committee For Refugees. Wright, G. C. (1963). Old Believers Adjust to Life and Learning in U.S.; Members of Sect Retain Traditions After Immigration From Turkey. The New York Times, 12 July 1963.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sinan Kıyanç 0000-0002-0148-9632

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kıyanç, S. (2020). Tolstoy Vakfı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 10(2), 333-356. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.640337

Cited By

ULUSLARARASI BOYUTU İLE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ DON KAZAKLARIN GÖÇÜ (BCS'21)
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1020740

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