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Impacts of Climate Change on Household Income Level of the Farmers: The Case of Sarayonu District of Konya Province in Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 349 - 367, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1082242

Öz

Climate change is already a common phenomenon to people from all walks of life worldwide. Climate characteristics are essential for sufficient agricultural production to keep the income balance of the households of the producers. However, changes in climate characteristics bring changes in agricultural output which consequently affects the income levels of the producers. This study aims to explore how changes in global climate bring changes in water levels, consequently affecting the agriculture and income source of the households of the study area. This study uses an in-depth interview form to interview the farmers living in the Sarayonu district of Konya province in Turkey to explore their vulnerability to climate change and its impacts on their households' income and poverty levels. The study results show that changes in water resources due to climate change impacts negatively affect the agriculture sector of Sarayonu, which alters the income sources of the households of the farmers. As a result, farmers cannot go for irrigated farming for many years and, consequently, do not have a proper harvest. Since climate change impacts reduce agricultural land productivity, farmers get low quality and less crop yield, leading the households into an income crisis.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK-2216

Teşekkür

The TÜBİTAK-2216 program financially supported this research. So, I would like to thank TÜBİTAK for the fellowship. I would also like to give my special thanks to the participants of Sarayonu province because this work would not be successful without their cooperation.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. M., Hurd, B.H., Lenhart, S., & Leary, N. (1998). Effects of global climate change on agriculture: An interpretative review. Climate Research, 11, 19-30.
  • Ahmed, S. A., Diffenbaugh, N. S., Hertel, T. W., Lobell, D. B., Ramankutty, N., Rios, A. R., & Rowhani, P. (2011). Climate volatility and poverty vulnerability in Tanzania. Global Environmental Change, 21(1), 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.10.003
  • Al-Bakri, J. T., Salahat, M., Suleiman, A., Suifan, M., Hamdan, M. R., Khresat, S., & Kandakji, T. (2013). Impact of climate and land use changes on water and food security in Jordan: Implications for transcending “The Tragedy of the Commons”. Sustainability, 5(2), 724-748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su5020724
  • Aydin, M. E., Aydin, S., Beduk, F. et al. (2015). Effects of long-term irrigation with untreated municipal wastewater on soil properties and crop quality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 19203–19212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5123-1
  • Başoğlu, A., & Telatar, O. M. (2013). İklim değişikliğinin etkileri: Tarım sektörü üzerine ekonometrik bir uygulama. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Karadeniz Technical University Social Science Journal], 6, 7-25.
  • Batisani, N. (2012). Climate variability, yield instability and global recession: the multistressor to food security in Botswana. Climate and Development, 4(2), 129–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.728129
  • Bayramoğlu, Z., & Ağızan, S. (2022). Konya İlinde Kuraklık ve Su Yönetimi [Drought and Water Management in Konya Province]. Atlas Akademi.
  • Bechhofer, F., & Paterson, L. (2000). Principles of Research Design in the Social Sciences. New York: Routledge.
  • Berktay, A., & Nas, B (2008). The effective use of water in Konya (Turkey) Closed Basin. In: 8th International Scientific Conference Proceedings, June, Vol. 1, pp. 823-830. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/171c8b6f2d526710ceb14835d437d8e2/1?pq origsite=gscholar&cbl=1536338
  • Braun, V., & V. Clarke, V. (2013). Successful Qualitative Research-A Practical Guide for Beginners. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
  • Chiras, D. D. (2012). Environmental Science (9th Ed). Jones and Barlett Publishers.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design-Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
  • Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, T. et al. (2011). The case study approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-100
  • Çelebi, M. (2016). Ecological importance of wetlands and samples in Konya closed basin. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2(3), 323–333. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309418956_Ecological_Importance_of_Wetlands_and_Samples_in_Konya_Closed_Basin
  • Çetin, S. C., Karaca, A., Haktanır, K., & Yildiz, H. (2007). Global attention to Turkey due to desertification. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 128(1-3), 489–493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9342-2
  • Denzin, Norman K, Lincoln, Yvonna S (1998). Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, California, USA: SAGE Publications.
  • Devereux, S., & Edwards, J. (2004). Climate change and food security. IDS Bulletin, 35.3, Institute of Development Studies, UK, 22–30. Retrieved from https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/8545/IDSB_35_3_10.1111-j.1759-5436.2004.tb00130.x.pdf?sequence=1
  • Dogan, S., Berktay, A., & Singh, V. P. (2012). Comparison of multi-monthly rainfall-based drought severity indices, with application to Semi-arid Konya closed basin., Turkey. Journal of Hydrology, 470-471, 255-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.003
  • Dogdu, M. S., & Sagnak, C. (2008). Climate change, drought and over pumping impacts on groundwaters: Two examples from Turkey. In: Proceedings of Third International BALWOIS Conference on the Balkan Water Observation and Information System; Macedonia, pp. 1-13.
  • Dumrul, Y., & Kilicarslan, Z. (2017). Economic impacts of climate change on agriculture: empirical evidence from ARDL approach for Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 6(4), 336-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.766
  • Durdu, Ö. F. (2010). Effects of climate change on water resources of the Büyük Menderes River Basin, Western Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34, 319-332.
  • Dursun, S. (2010). Effect of global climate change on water balance of Beyşehir Lake (Konya-Turkey). BALWOIS, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia.
  • Dursun, S., Onder, S., Acar, R., Direk, M., & Mucehver, O. (2012). Effect of environmental and socioeconomically change on agricultural production in Konya region. Conference Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Life Sciences, pp. 19-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84052
  • Ekercin, S., Sertel, E., Celik, F. D., & Durduran, S. (2013). Investigating the climate change impacts on the water esources of the Konya closed basin area (Turkey) using satellite remote sensing data. In I. Dincer, C. O. Colpan, F. Kadioglu (Eds), Causes, Impacts and Solutions to Global Warming (pp. 157-168). New York: Springer.
  • Fosu-Mensah, B.Y., Vlek, P.L.G., & MacCarthy, D.S. (2012). Farmers' perception and adaptation to climate change: A case study of Sekyedumase district in Ghana. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 14(4), 495-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-012-9339-7
  • Georgopoulou, et al. (2017). Climate change impacts and adaptation options for the Greek agriculture in 2021–2050: A monetary assessment. Climate Risk Management, 16, 164-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.002
  • Goffman, E. (2002). On Fieldwork. In D. Weinberg (Ed), Qualitative Research Methods (pp. 148-153). Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Gohar, A. A., & Cashman, A. (2016). A methodology to assess the impact of climate variability and change on water resources, food security and economic welfare. Agricultural Systems, 147, 51-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.05.008
  • Gohari, A., Eslamian, S., Abdei-Koupaei, J., Bavani, A. M., Wang, D., & Madani, K. (2013). Climate change impacts on crop production in Iran’s Zayandeh-Rud river basin. Science of the Total Environment, 442, 405–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.029
  • Hussain, A. H. M. B., Islam, M., Ahmed, K. J., Haq, S. M. A., & Islam, M. N. (2021). Financial inclusion, financial resilience, and climate change resilience. In W. L. Filho, J. Luetz, D. Ayal (Ed), Handbook of Climate Change Management (pp. 1–23). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_19-1
  • IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Fourth Assessment Report). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Islam, M. (2022a). Impacts of climate change on water resources, agricultural production and food security: Evidence from Turkiye. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 66, 00-00. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-1056971
  • Islam, M. (2022b). Is Climate Migration an Adjustment to Extreme Weather Events? A Study on the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. Weather, Climate, and Society, 14(4), 1247-1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0124.1
  • Islam, M. (2016c). The effect of global climate change on the coastal areas of Bangladesh: the identity crisis of environmentally displaced people. In B. Koch, F. Soumakis, T. C. Gomes (Ed), Selected Topics in Social Sciences (pp. 57–71). Athens, Greece: Athens Institute for Education and Research. Islam, M. (2016d). Impacts of Climate Variability on Physical and Social Environment: Study on Adaptation Process in Bangladesh Coastal Region [Doctoral Dissertation]. Hacettepe University. Retrieved from: Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp (YÖK Thesis No. 434313).
  • Karapınar, B., Özertan, G., Tanaka, T., An, N., & Turp, M. T. (2020). İklim değişikliği etkisi altında tarımsal ürün arzının sürdürülebilirliği [Sustainability of agricultural product supply under the impact of climate change]. Istanbul, Türkiye: TÜSİAD Publications.
  • MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation). (2007). Annual Report. Amman, Jordan: MWI.
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  • MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation). (2010). Annual Report. Amman, Jordan: MWI.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods-Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th Ed). Boston, USA: PEARSON.
  • Nhemachena, C., Nhamo, L., & Matchaya, G. (2020). Climate change impacts on water and agriculture sectors in Southern Africa: Threats and opportunities for sustainable development. Water, 12, 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102673
  • Ozdogan, M. (2011). Modeling the impacts of climate change on wheat yields in northwestern Turkey. Agricultural Ecosystems & Environment, 141(1), 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.001
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İklim Değişikliğinin Çiftçilerin Hanehalkı Gelir Düzeyine Etkileri: Türkiye'de Konya İli Sarayönü İlçesi Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 349 - 367, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1082242

Öz

İklim değişikliği tüm dünyada herkesi kapsayan yaygın bir olgudur. İklimsel özellikler, yeterli tarımsal üretim sağlamak adına üretici hanelerin gelir dengelerini koruması açısından önemlidir. Fakat iklimsel özelliklerdeki değişimler, tarımsal üretimde de değişimlere neden olduklarından üreticilerin gelir düzeylerini ve seviyelerini de etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, küresel iklim değişikliğinin su seviyelerinde nasıl değişiklikler meydana getirdiğini ve bunun sonucunda çalışma alanındaki hanelerin tarımını ve gelir kaynağını nasıl etkilediğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma da Türkiye'nin Konya ilinin Sarayönü ilçesinde yaşayan çiftçilerin iklim değişikliğine karşı savunmasızlıklarını ve hanelerinin gelir ve yoksulluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak için derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları iklim değişikliğine bağlı su kaynaklarındaki değişimlerin Sarayönü'nün tarım sektörünü olumsuz etkilediğini ve bunun da çiftçi hanelerinin gelir kaynaklarını değiştirdiğini göstermektedir. Çiftçiler yıllardır sulu tarım yapamamakta ve düzgün hasat alamamaktadır. İklim değişikliği tarımsal arazi verimliliğini azalttığından, çiftçiler daha düşük kalite ve daha az mahsul elde ediyor; bu durum hanelerin gelir krizine girmesine neden oluyor.

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK-2216

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. M., Hurd, B.H., Lenhart, S., & Leary, N. (1998). Effects of global climate change on agriculture: An interpretative review. Climate Research, 11, 19-30.
  • Ahmed, S. A., Diffenbaugh, N. S., Hertel, T. W., Lobell, D. B., Ramankutty, N., Rios, A. R., & Rowhani, P. (2011). Climate volatility and poverty vulnerability in Tanzania. Global Environmental Change, 21(1), 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.10.003
  • Al-Bakri, J. T., Salahat, M., Suleiman, A., Suifan, M., Hamdan, M. R., Khresat, S., & Kandakji, T. (2013). Impact of climate and land use changes on water and food security in Jordan: Implications for transcending “The Tragedy of the Commons”. Sustainability, 5(2), 724-748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su5020724
  • Aydin, M. E., Aydin, S., Beduk, F. et al. (2015). Effects of long-term irrigation with untreated municipal wastewater on soil properties and crop quality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 19203–19212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5123-1
  • Başoğlu, A., & Telatar, O. M. (2013). İklim değişikliğinin etkileri: Tarım sektörü üzerine ekonometrik bir uygulama. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Karadeniz Technical University Social Science Journal], 6, 7-25.
  • Batisani, N. (2012). Climate variability, yield instability and global recession: the multistressor to food security in Botswana. Climate and Development, 4(2), 129–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.728129
  • Bayramoğlu, Z., & Ağızan, S. (2022). Konya İlinde Kuraklık ve Su Yönetimi [Drought and Water Management in Konya Province]. Atlas Akademi.
  • Bechhofer, F., & Paterson, L. (2000). Principles of Research Design in the Social Sciences. New York: Routledge.
  • Berktay, A., & Nas, B (2008). The effective use of water in Konya (Turkey) Closed Basin. In: 8th International Scientific Conference Proceedings, June, Vol. 1, pp. 823-830. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/171c8b6f2d526710ceb14835d437d8e2/1?pq origsite=gscholar&cbl=1536338
  • Braun, V., & V. Clarke, V. (2013). Successful Qualitative Research-A Practical Guide for Beginners. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
  • Chiras, D. D. (2012). Environmental Science (9th Ed). Jones and Barlett Publishers.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design-Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
  • Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, T. et al. (2011). The case study approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-100
  • Çelebi, M. (2016). Ecological importance of wetlands and samples in Konya closed basin. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2(3), 323–333. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309418956_Ecological_Importance_of_Wetlands_and_Samples_in_Konya_Closed_Basin
  • Çetin, S. C., Karaca, A., Haktanır, K., & Yildiz, H. (2007). Global attention to Turkey due to desertification. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 128(1-3), 489–493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9342-2
  • Denzin, Norman K, Lincoln, Yvonna S (1998). Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, California, USA: SAGE Publications.
  • Devereux, S., & Edwards, J. (2004). Climate change and food security. IDS Bulletin, 35.3, Institute of Development Studies, UK, 22–30. Retrieved from https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/8545/IDSB_35_3_10.1111-j.1759-5436.2004.tb00130.x.pdf?sequence=1
  • Dogan, S., Berktay, A., & Singh, V. P. (2012). Comparison of multi-monthly rainfall-based drought severity indices, with application to Semi-arid Konya closed basin., Turkey. Journal of Hydrology, 470-471, 255-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.003
  • Dogdu, M. S., & Sagnak, C. (2008). Climate change, drought and over pumping impacts on groundwaters: Two examples from Turkey. In: Proceedings of Third International BALWOIS Conference on the Balkan Water Observation and Information System; Macedonia, pp. 1-13.
  • Dumrul, Y., & Kilicarslan, Z. (2017). Economic impacts of climate change on agriculture: empirical evidence from ARDL approach for Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 6(4), 336-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.766
  • Durdu, Ö. F. (2010). Effects of climate change on water resources of the Büyük Menderes River Basin, Western Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34, 319-332.
  • Dursun, S. (2010). Effect of global climate change on water balance of Beyşehir Lake (Konya-Turkey). BALWOIS, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia.
  • Dursun, S., Onder, S., Acar, R., Direk, M., & Mucehver, O. (2012). Effect of environmental and socioeconomically change on agricultural production in Konya region. Conference Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Life Sciences, pp. 19-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84052
  • Ekercin, S., Sertel, E., Celik, F. D., & Durduran, S. (2013). Investigating the climate change impacts on the water esources of the Konya closed basin area (Turkey) using satellite remote sensing data. In I. Dincer, C. O. Colpan, F. Kadioglu (Eds), Causes, Impacts and Solutions to Global Warming (pp. 157-168). New York: Springer.
  • Fosu-Mensah, B.Y., Vlek, P.L.G., & MacCarthy, D.S. (2012). Farmers' perception and adaptation to climate change: A case study of Sekyedumase district in Ghana. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 14(4), 495-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-012-9339-7
  • Georgopoulou, et al. (2017). Climate change impacts and adaptation options for the Greek agriculture in 2021–2050: A monetary assessment. Climate Risk Management, 16, 164-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.002
  • Goffman, E. (2002). On Fieldwork. In D. Weinberg (Ed), Qualitative Research Methods (pp. 148-153). Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Gohar, A. A., & Cashman, A. (2016). A methodology to assess the impact of climate variability and change on water resources, food security and economic welfare. Agricultural Systems, 147, 51-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.05.008
  • Gohari, A., Eslamian, S., Abdei-Koupaei, J., Bavani, A. M., Wang, D., & Madani, K. (2013). Climate change impacts on crop production in Iran’s Zayandeh-Rud river basin. Science of the Total Environment, 442, 405–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.029
  • Hussain, A. H. M. B., Islam, M., Ahmed, K. J., Haq, S. M. A., & Islam, M. N. (2021). Financial inclusion, financial resilience, and climate change resilience. In W. L. Filho, J. Luetz, D. Ayal (Ed), Handbook of Climate Change Management (pp. 1–23). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_19-1
  • IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Fourth Assessment Report). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Islam, M. (2022a). Impacts of climate change on water resources, agricultural production and food security: Evidence from Turkiye. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 66, 00-00. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-1056971
  • Islam, M. (2022b). Is Climate Migration an Adjustment to Extreme Weather Events? A Study on the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. Weather, Climate, and Society, 14(4), 1247-1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0124.1
  • Islam, M. (2016c). The effect of global climate change on the coastal areas of Bangladesh: the identity crisis of environmentally displaced people. In B. Koch, F. Soumakis, T. C. Gomes (Ed), Selected Topics in Social Sciences (pp. 57–71). Athens, Greece: Athens Institute for Education and Research. Islam, M. (2016d). Impacts of Climate Variability on Physical and Social Environment: Study on Adaptation Process in Bangladesh Coastal Region [Doctoral Dissertation]. Hacettepe University. Retrieved from: Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp (YÖK Thesis No. 434313).
  • Karapınar, B., Özertan, G., Tanaka, T., An, N., & Turp, M. T. (2020). İklim değişikliği etkisi altında tarımsal ürün arzının sürdürülebilirliği [Sustainability of agricultural product supply under the impact of climate change]. Istanbul, Türkiye: TÜSİAD Publications.
  • MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation). (2007). Annual Report. Amman, Jordan: MWI.
  • MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation). (2009a). Annual Report. Amman, Jordan: MWI.
  • MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation). (2009b). Special Report on Water Resources in Jordan. Amman, Jordan: MWI.
  • MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation). (2010). Annual Report. Amman, Jordan: MWI.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods-Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th Ed). Boston, USA: PEARSON.
  • Nhemachena, C., Nhamo, L., & Matchaya, G. (2020). Climate change impacts on water and agriculture sectors in Southern Africa: Threats and opportunities for sustainable development. Water, 12, 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102673
  • Ozdogan, M. (2011). Modeling the impacts of climate change on wheat yields in northwestern Turkey. Agricultural Ecosystems & Environment, 141(1), 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.001
  • Sanderson, R., & Galway, L. P. (2021). Perceptions of climate change and climate action among climate-engaged health professionals in northern Ontario: A qualitative study. Journal of Climate Change Health, 3, 100025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. joclim.2021.100025.
  • SESRIC. (2019). OIC Environment Report 2019. SESRIC: OIC Office, Turkey. Retrieved from https://sesricdiag.blob.core.windows.net/sesric-site-blob/files/article/675.pdf
  • SESRIC. (2016). Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries. SESRIC: OIC Office, Turkey. Retrieved from https://sesricdiag.blob.core.windows.net/sesric-site-blob/files/article/537.pdf
  • Shahid, S. (2011). Impact of climate change on irrigation water demand of dry season Boro rice in northwest Bangladesh. Climatic Change, 105, 433–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9895-5
  • Shikuku, et al. (2017). Smallholder farmers' attitudes and determinants of adaptation to climate risks in East Africa. Climate Risk Management, 16, 234-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.03.001
  • Silverman, D. (2006). Interpreting Qualitative Data-Methods for Analyzing Talk, Text and Interaction (3rd Ed). USA: Sage Publications.
  • Şen, Ö. L. (2013). A Holistic View of Climate Change and its Impacts in Turkey. Istanbul: Istanbul Policy Center.
  • Topak, R., & Acar, B. (2010). Sustainable Irrigation and Importance of Technological Irrigation Systems for Konya Basin. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi [Journal of Agricultural Sciences Research], 3(2), 65-70. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/412812
  • Tramblay, Y., Koutroulis, A., Samaniego, L., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Volaire, F., Boone, A., M. …Polcher, J. (2020). Challenges for drought assessment in the Mediterranean region under future climate scenarios. Earth-Science Reviews, 210 (103348), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103348
  • T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (2012). Turkey's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan. Ankara.
  • United Nations. (2019). The sustainable development goals report. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2019.pdf
  • Wheeler, T., & von Braun, J. (2013). Climate change impacts on global food security. Science, 341, 508–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1239402
  • You, L., Rosegrant, M. W., Wood, S., & Sun, D. (2009). Impact of growing season temperature on wheat productivity in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149(6-7), 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.12.004
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mozharul Islam 0000-0002-7872-0046

Proje Numarası TÜBİTAK-2216
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Islam, M. (2022). Impacts of Climate Change on Household Income Level of the Farmers: The Case of Sarayonu District of Konya Province in Turkey. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 12(2), 349-367. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1082242

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