Rusya Federasyonu'nun Enerji ve Doğal Kaynaklar Politikası: Uluslararası İlişkiler Perspektifi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 321 - 351, 31.12.2024

Argun Başkan

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1272111

Öz

Rusya Federasyonu'nun enerji politikası, ekonomik, jeopolitik ve fikirsel hedeflerin karmaşık bir etkileşimini örneklemektedir. Petrol ve doğal gazın önemli bir küresel tedarikçisi olan Rusya, enerji kaynaklarını, özellikle Avrupa'daki enerjiye bağımlı devletleri etkilemek için stratejik araçlar olarak kullanmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, özellikle Kırım'ın ilhakı ve Ukrayna'daki çatışmanın ardından Batı yaptırımlarına yanıt olarak, Rusya'nın tehdit dengesine cevaben enerji bağımlılıklarını sağlamlaştırma stratejisini vurgulayan bir Neorealist bakış açısıyla uyumludur. Bu arada, Neoliberal teoriler, Rusya'nın OPEC ile ortaklıklarını ve Çin ile uyumunu, birbirine bağlı bir enerji pazarında istikrar sağlayıcı güçler olarak vurgulayarak işbirlikçi yönleri vurgulamaktadırlar. Bu ortaklıklar, yaptırımların etkisini hafifletmekte ve Rusya'nın süregelen küresel etkisini destekleyerek ekonomik bağımlılığın istikrar sağlayıcı etkilerini göstermektedir. Yapılandırmacı yorumlar, Rusya'nın kaynak zengini bir ülke olarak kimliğini daha da ortaya koymakta ve enerji politikasını yalnızca jeopolitik bir araç olarak değil, aynı zamanda uluslararası sistem içinde egemenliğin ve dayanıklılığın bir sembolü olarak görmektedir. Bu makale, Rusya'nın enerji stratejisinin çok boyutlu bir analizini sunmayı ve bu iç içe geçmiş teorik çerçevelerin, yenilenebilir enerji ve sürdürülebilirliğe doğru değişen dinamikler ortasında Rusya'nın küresel enerji piyasalarındaki kalıcı rolünü açıklamaya nasıl yardımcı olacağını ayrıntılı olarak açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye gibi ülkeler üzerindeki etkiler önemlidir, çünkü küresel düzen enerji, ekonomik dayanıklılık ve güvenlik endişelerini giderek daha fazla iç içe geçirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası İlişkiler, Rusya Federasyonu, Enerji, Jeopolitik, Türkiye

Energy and Natural Resources Policy of the Russian Federation: An International Relations Perspective

Öz

The Russian Federation's energy policy exemplifies a complex interplay of economic, geopolitical, and ideational objectives. Russia, a major global supplier of oil and natural gas, leverages its energy resources as strategic tools to influence energy-dependent states, particularly in Europe. This approach aligns with a Neorealist perspective, emphasizing Russia's strategy of entrenching energy dependencies to respond to a balance of threat, especially in response to Western sanctions following its annexation of Crimea and the conflict in Ukraine. Meanwhile, Neoliberal theories underscore cooperative aspects, highlighting Russia's partnerships with OPEC and alignment with China as stabilizing forces in an interconnected energy market. These partnerships mitigate the impact of sanctions and support Russia's sustained global influence, illustrating the stabilizing effects of economic interdependence. Constructivist interpretations further reveal Russia's identity as a resource-rich country, viewing energy policy as not only a geopolitical tool but a symbol of sovereignty and resilience within the international system. This paper thus aims to present a multidimensional analysis of Russia’s energy strategy, detailing how these intertwined theoretical frameworks would help to explain Russia's enduring role in global energy markets amidst shifting dynamics toward renewable energy and sustainability. The implications for countries, such as Türkiye, are significant, as the global order increasingly intertwines energy, economic resilience, and security concerns.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Relations, Russian Federation, Energy, Geopolitics, Türkiye

Kaynakça

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