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Evaluating of Anti-Daegu Mosques Demonstrations in the Framework of Poststructuralism in International Political Theory

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 301 - 321, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1569018

Öz

The research is concluded as a result of a long-term fieldwork and analytical investigation in the framework of Poststructuralism on the issue of anti-Islamic demonstrations in Daegu where is the fourth metropolitan city of South Korea. The Daegu Mosque, is in the surrounding area of the Kyungpook National University, builds by the university students. The attempt of university students resulted in the production of anti-Muslim mechanism that would encourages anti-Islamism in the country. It is understood that the ‘Daegu Mosque Opponents Community (DMOC)’, which was formed under the leadership of the Presbyterian Church, is trying to spread anti-Islamism to the social sphere in the South Korea. Their efforts are aim at normalizing anti-Islamism in the public sphere on the increasing number of foreign Muslims. The silence of the two hundred thousand foreign Muslims living in the country in the face of the issue stems from the inadequacy of their legal residence status and the lack of umbrella organizations to represent Islam in the country. The church-based anti-Islamic community has caught a momentum to act as a dominant social force in the country's internal politics. Their effort is not only to demonize the Muslim identity but is also carried out anti-Islamic sentiment through the media outlet. They achieve to maintain foreign Muslim as an internal security threat by organizing systematic demonstrations in the surrounding of Mosques construction sides. Although the population is not predominantly made up of Christians, the DMOC has found the opportunity to launch an all-out attack on the sanctities of Islam and Muslim identity in the public sphere by acting as if South Korea is a Christian country. Despite being a signatory to international human rights conventions and declarations, Republic of Korean government become silence against the increasing number of hate-speech of anti-Mosque demonstrators. Poststructuralism theory in international relations connects with the DMOC through three main concepts. These are; the perspectives formed between foreign policy and identity, between knowledge and power, and between representation and interpretation. The efforts of the DMOC, which seems to have a political agenda according to the Poststructuralist understanding, to normalize the securitizes the issues of Mosques buildings and normalizes anti-Islamism, which provide an opportunity to apply the Poststructuralist approach in this research. In the first section, the research seeks to investigate philosophical foundation of the post-structuralist theory and its adaptation to the theory of international relations. The author provides deep analytical information about Daegu Mosque demonstration in the framework of anti-Islamism.

Etik Beyan

There was no harm given to anyone during the research process.

Teşekkür

I am very thankful Prof.Dr. Hee Soo Lee for his kindly support of my research.

Kaynakça

  • Ashley, R. K. (1984). The Poverty of Neorealism. International Organization, 38(2), 225–286. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706440
  • Ashley, R. K. (1988). Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique. Millennium, 17(2), 227-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298880170020901
  • Barthes, R. (2013) The Language of Fashion, Bloomsburry Academic,
  • Baudrillard, J. (1995) Sımulacra and Simulation (The Body in the Theory:History of Cultural Materialism), University of Michigan Press
  • Campbell, D. (1993 ) Politics Without Principle: Sovereignty, Ethics, and the Narratives of the Gulf War, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner
  • Campbell, D. (1998). Writing security : United States foreign policy and the politics of identity (Rev. ed). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Choi Jae-Hee (November 11, 2022 ) “Mosque project pits villagers against Muslims in Daegu”
  • Clark, J.( 2023) 'We Go Together:' U.S., South Korea Celebrate Alliance, DOD News< https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3425351/we-go-together-us-south-korea-celebrate-alliance/>
  • Cox, R. (1981). “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International
  • Deeleuze, G. (1995 ) Difference and Repetition, Columbia University Press,
  • Derrida, J. (2002) Writing Differences, Taylor and Francis, Routledge Classics, London.
  • Der Derian, J., & Shapiro, M. J. (1989). International/intertextual relations : postmodern readings of world politics. Lexington Books.
  • Foucoult, M. (2002) The Archology of Knowledge, Taylor Francis, Routledge Classics London.
  • Elik, S. (2023) Basılmamış Daegu Ziyareti Notları Raporu.
  • Guzzini, S. (2013). Power, Realism and Constructivism (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203071748
  • Hjelmslev, L. (1961) Prolegomena to a Theory of Language, University of Wisconsin.
  • Hong, P.Y. & Demick, B. (2004) South Korean Held in Iraq Is Beheaded, Los Angeles Times, 23 June 2004.< https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jun-23-fg-kidnap23-story.html>
  • Huntington, S. P. (1993). The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs, 72(3), 22–49. https://doi.org/10.2307/20045621
  • Hwang Soo-bin (Yonhap News agency, April 18, 2023) “Buk-gu, Daegu, accuses construction company of Islamic mosque of violating building laws and orders construction to be halted” https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20231214157200053?utm_source=ground.news&utm_medium=referral
  • Hwang Soo-bin (Yonhap News Agency, Decemner 14, 2023) tarihli ve“ Buk-gu, Daegu, Accuses Construction Company Of Islamıc Mosques of Violating Building Lawa And Orders Construction To Be Halted” www.yna.co.krview/20231214157200053?section=pop/print
  • Kang, H. (2021). Taliban, a chilling reminder of 2007 hostage crisis’ Korea Times, 19.Ağustos. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/10/213_314150.html
  • Kim Na-young (Yonhap News Agency, Nisan 22, 2022) “Appeals court sides with Islamic cummunity on suspension of mosque construction in Daegu”
  • Kwak, Yeon-soo (Mayıs 09 2022) “Scholar Calls for Better İntegration Of Korea's Muslims” https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/03/177_325164.html
  • Lee Hyo- Jin’ ( May 3,2022 )“Mosque construction trigger standoff in Daegu” https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/05/177_328375.html
  • Lee Hyo-jin (October 01,2021) “Daegu Mosque protests discriminatory: human rights commission <https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/10/119_316326.html”>
  • Lee Hyo-jin (September 13, 2021) “Backlash growing over mosque construction in Daegu” <https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/09/281_315487.html>
  • Lee, Hyo-jin ( 2022) “Freedom Of Religion, Privacy Clash As Neither Side Backs Down”
  • Lee, M. (October 5, 2024). The US and South Korea reach new deal on costs for the American troop presence < https://apnews.com/article/us-south-korea-military-presence-costs-49519732c6a7d68038bc3516f2e4f69a>
  • Lewis, B. (1995) Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Lim Jae-seong (Korea Herald, January 31, 2023) aynı haberi “Mosque Pretosters to stage another pork feastt” https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230131000721
  • Louis Althusser, Etienne Balibar (1979) Reading Capıtal, Verso Books
  • Luhmann,N. (1996) Social Systems, Standort University Press.
  • Lyotart, J.F.(1984). The Postmodern Condition: A report on Knowledge, University of Minnesota Press,
  • Nietzsche,F. (2023) Fate and History, Grapevine India.
  • Park, Sae-Jin, (November 16, 2023) “Turkish envoy requests S. Korean authorities to act against Islamophobic movement in southern city” <https://www.ajupress.com/vime/20231115173527171>
  • Parsons, T. (1966) Structure of Social Action: A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to a Group of Recent European Writers, The Free Press, New York.
  • Khalid,R.(May 17, 2023) “Pig Heads, Bbqs: Mosque Backlash Tests S Korea Religious Freedom” <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/17/pig-heads-bbqs-mosque-backlash-tests-s-korea-religious-freedom>
  • Razaq, M. ( 2023 ) “Daegu Mosgue Issues” https://muazrazaq.com/daegu-mosque-issue, Relations Theory, Milliennium Journal of International Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.126154.
  • Saussure F. (2016) Course on General Linguistics, Open Court Classics
  • Se Eun Gong (NPR May 24,2023) “ Muslims in South Korea want to buıld a mosque, neighbours protest and send pig heads” South Korea mosque project met with anti-Muslim protests and pig heads : NPR
  • Se Eun Gong 24, 2023) Muslims İn South Korea Want To Build A Mosque. Neighbors Protest And Send Pig Heads <https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1176132837/south-korea-mosque-muslim-students-tensions,> Se-Eun Gong (May 2,2023)“Muslims in South Korea want to build a mosque. Neighbors protest and send pig heads” <https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1176132837/south-korea-mosque-muslim-students-tensions>
  • Shin Ji-hye (Ekim 04,2021) “Islamophobia emerges ın Korea” Korea Herald https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20211004000082
  • Smith, S. (1996). Positivism and beyond. In S. Smith, K. Booth, & M. Zalewski (Eds.), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond (pp. 11–44). chapter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yoon, L. (July 25, 2024) Religion in South Korea Statistics & Facts, Statista< https://www.statista.com/topics/12567/religion-in-south-korea/#topicOverview>
  • Strauss, C.L. (1962) Tristess Tropiques, Penguin, Modern Classics, UK
  • Walker, R. B. J. (1992). Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallerstein, I (1996) Historical Materıalism, Verso Brooks Publishing.
  • Waltz, K.N. (1979) The Theory of International Politics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Compan, California.
  • Yonhhap News Agancy (Nisan 18, 2023) “Daegu Islamic Temple construction resumes after three months Resident Opposition

Uluslararası Politika Teorilerinden Postyapısalcı Kuram Çerçevesinde Daegu Camii Karşıtı Gösterilerin Bir Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 301 - 321, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1569018

Öz

Uzun süren saha çalışmasına dayanan bu araştırma Güney Kore’nin dördüncü metropol şehri olan Daegu’de gerçekleşen İslam karşıtı gösterilerin Postyapısalcı bir bakış açısı ile incelenmesinden oluşmaktadır. Kyungpook Ulusal Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin inşa etmeye çalıştığı Daegu Camii, ülkede İslam karşıtlığı besleyecek bir mekanizmanın üretilmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Presbiteryen Kilisesi önderliğinde oluşturulan ‘Daegu Camii Karşıtları Topluluğu (DCKT)’nun, İslam karşıtlığını toplumsal alana yayma ve toplum nezdinde İslam karşıtlığını normalleştirme çabasında olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ülkede yaşayan iki yüz bin yabancı Müslümanın mesele karşısında sessizliği, yasal statülerinin ve İslam’ı temsil edecek çatı kuruluşlarının yetersizliğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bahsi geçen kilise kaynaklı topluluk, baskın bir güç olarak ülke siyasetinde hareket kabiliyeti kazanmıştır. Müslüman kimliğinin şeytanlaştırılması çabaları, sadece medya üzerinden yürütülmemekte aynı zamanda sistematik bir şekilde gösteriler yaptırılarak konu gündemde tutulmaktadır. Ağırlıklı nüfus Hristiyanlardan oluşmadığı halde DCKT, sanki Güney Kore Hristiyan ülkesi imiş gibi hareket ederek, öğrenciler nezdinde İslam’ın kutsallarına ve Müslüman kimliğine karşı topyekûn bir saldırı yapma imkânı bulmuştur. Kore Cumhuriyeti, uluslararası insan hakları sözleşmelerine imza atmış olmasına rağmen iç hukukunda temel insan hakkı olan ibadet özgürlüğünü ihlal eden DCKT karşı sessiz kalmak suretiyle ülkede nefret söyleminin artmasına kapı aralamaktadır. Uluslararası ilişkilerde Postyapısalcılık kuramı, üç ana kavram üzerinden Daegu Camii karşıtı göstericiler ile bağ kurar. Bunlar; dış politika ile kimlik arasında, bilgi ve güç arasında, temsil ve yorum arasında oluşan bakış açılarıdır. Postyapısalcı anlayışa göre siyaset dışı gibi görünen DCKT güvenlikleştirme ve İslam karşıtlığını normalleştirme çabaları, çalışmada Postyapısalcı yaklaşıma uygulama imkânı sağlamıştır. Çalışmanın birinci kısmında Postyapısalcı teorinin felsefi kökenleri ve uluslararası uygulaması denenecektir. Daegu Camii gösterileri ise İslam karşıtlığını esas alarak detaylı bir analize tabi tutmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Araştırma kapsamında her hangi bir etik ihlali olmamıştır.

Teşekkür

Araştırma sırasında desteklerini esirgemeyen Prof. Dr. Hee Soo Lee'ye teşekkürlerimi arz ederim

Kaynakça

  • Ashley, R. K. (1984). The Poverty of Neorealism. International Organization, 38(2), 225–286. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706440
  • Ashley, R. K. (1988). Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique. Millennium, 17(2), 227-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298880170020901
  • Barthes, R. (2013) The Language of Fashion, Bloomsburry Academic,
  • Baudrillard, J. (1995) Sımulacra and Simulation (The Body in the Theory:History of Cultural Materialism), University of Michigan Press
  • Campbell, D. (1993 ) Politics Without Principle: Sovereignty, Ethics, and the Narratives of the Gulf War, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner
  • Campbell, D. (1998). Writing security : United States foreign policy and the politics of identity (Rev. ed). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Choi Jae-Hee (November 11, 2022 ) “Mosque project pits villagers against Muslims in Daegu”
  • Clark, J.( 2023) 'We Go Together:' U.S., South Korea Celebrate Alliance, DOD News< https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3425351/we-go-together-us-south-korea-celebrate-alliance/>
  • Cox, R. (1981). “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International
  • Deeleuze, G. (1995 ) Difference and Repetition, Columbia University Press,
  • Derrida, J. (2002) Writing Differences, Taylor and Francis, Routledge Classics, London.
  • Der Derian, J., & Shapiro, M. J. (1989). International/intertextual relations : postmodern readings of world politics. Lexington Books.
  • Foucoult, M. (2002) The Archology of Knowledge, Taylor Francis, Routledge Classics London.
  • Elik, S. (2023) Basılmamış Daegu Ziyareti Notları Raporu.
  • Guzzini, S. (2013). Power, Realism and Constructivism (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203071748
  • Hjelmslev, L. (1961) Prolegomena to a Theory of Language, University of Wisconsin.
  • Hong, P.Y. & Demick, B. (2004) South Korean Held in Iraq Is Beheaded, Los Angeles Times, 23 June 2004.< https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jun-23-fg-kidnap23-story.html>
  • Huntington, S. P. (1993). The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs, 72(3), 22–49. https://doi.org/10.2307/20045621
  • Hwang Soo-bin (Yonhap News agency, April 18, 2023) “Buk-gu, Daegu, accuses construction company of Islamic mosque of violating building laws and orders construction to be halted” https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20231214157200053?utm_source=ground.news&utm_medium=referral
  • Hwang Soo-bin (Yonhap News Agency, Decemner 14, 2023) tarihli ve“ Buk-gu, Daegu, Accuses Construction Company Of Islamıc Mosques of Violating Building Lawa And Orders Construction To Be Halted” www.yna.co.krview/20231214157200053?section=pop/print
  • Kang, H. (2021). Taliban, a chilling reminder of 2007 hostage crisis’ Korea Times, 19.Ağustos. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/10/213_314150.html
  • Kim Na-young (Yonhap News Agency, Nisan 22, 2022) “Appeals court sides with Islamic cummunity on suspension of mosque construction in Daegu”
  • Kwak, Yeon-soo (Mayıs 09 2022) “Scholar Calls for Better İntegration Of Korea's Muslims” https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/03/177_325164.html
  • Lee Hyo- Jin’ ( May 3,2022 )“Mosque construction trigger standoff in Daegu” https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/05/177_328375.html
  • Lee Hyo-jin (October 01,2021) “Daegu Mosque protests discriminatory: human rights commission <https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/10/119_316326.html”>
  • Lee Hyo-jin (September 13, 2021) “Backlash growing over mosque construction in Daegu” <https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/09/281_315487.html>
  • Lee, Hyo-jin ( 2022) “Freedom Of Religion, Privacy Clash As Neither Side Backs Down”
  • Lee, M. (October 5, 2024). The US and South Korea reach new deal on costs for the American troop presence < https://apnews.com/article/us-south-korea-military-presence-costs-49519732c6a7d68038bc3516f2e4f69a>
  • Lewis, B. (1995) Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Lim Jae-seong (Korea Herald, January 31, 2023) aynı haberi “Mosque Pretosters to stage another pork feastt” https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230131000721
  • Louis Althusser, Etienne Balibar (1979) Reading Capıtal, Verso Books
  • Luhmann,N. (1996) Social Systems, Standort University Press.
  • Lyotart, J.F.(1984). The Postmodern Condition: A report on Knowledge, University of Minnesota Press,
  • Nietzsche,F. (2023) Fate and History, Grapevine India.
  • Park, Sae-Jin, (November 16, 2023) “Turkish envoy requests S. Korean authorities to act against Islamophobic movement in southern city” <https://www.ajupress.com/vime/20231115173527171>
  • Parsons, T. (1966) Structure of Social Action: A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to a Group of Recent European Writers, The Free Press, New York.
  • Khalid,R.(May 17, 2023) “Pig Heads, Bbqs: Mosque Backlash Tests S Korea Religious Freedom” <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/17/pig-heads-bbqs-mosque-backlash-tests-s-korea-religious-freedom>
  • Razaq, M. ( 2023 ) “Daegu Mosgue Issues” https://muazrazaq.com/daegu-mosque-issue, Relations Theory, Milliennium Journal of International Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.126154.
  • Saussure F. (2016) Course on General Linguistics, Open Court Classics
  • Se Eun Gong (NPR May 24,2023) “ Muslims in South Korea want to buıld a mosque, neighbours protest and send pig heads” South Korea mosque project met with anti-Muslim protests and pig heads : NPR
  • Se Eun Gong 24, 2023) Muslims İn South Korea Want To Build A Mosque. Neighbors Protest And Send Pig Heads <https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1176132837/south-korea-mosque-muslim-students-tensions,> Se-Eun Gong (May 2,2023)“Muslims in South Korea want to build a mosque. Neighbors protest and send pig heads” <https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1176132837/south-korea-mosque-muslim-students-tensions>
  • Shin Ji-hye (Ekim 04,2021) “Islamophobia emerges ın Korea” Korea Herald https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20211004000082
  • Smith, S. (1996). Positivism and beyond. In S. Smith, K. Booth, & M. Zalewski (Eds.), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond (pp. 11–44). chapter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yoon, L. (July 25, 2024) Religion in South Korea Statistics & Facts, Statista< https://www.statista.com/topics/12567/religion-in-south-korea/#topicOverview>
  • Strauss, C.L. (1962) Tristess Tropiques, Penguin, Modern Classics, UK
  • Walker, R. B. J. (1992). Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallerstein, I (1996) Historical Materıalism, Verso Brooks Publishing.
  • Waltz, K.N. (1979) The Theory of International Politics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Compan, California.
  • Yonhhap News Agancy (Nisan 18, 2023) “Daegu Islamic Temple construction resumes after three months Resident Opposition
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uzakdoğu Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Süleyman Elik 0000-0003-1517-0697

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Elik, S. (2025). Uluslararası Politika Teorilerinden Postyapısalcı Kuram Çerçevesinde Daegu Camii Karşıtı Gösterilerin Bir Değerlendirilmesi. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1), 301-321. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1569018

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