Reçine Nanoseramik ve Polimer İnfiltre Seramik CAD-CAM Materyallerinin Yapısal Özellikleri

Öz

Protetik tedavide kullanılacak materyale doğru karar verebilmek, tedavi başarısı ve estetik beklentileri karşılama açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Geleneksel restoratif materyallerin avantaj ve dezavantajlarının optimize edildiği hibrit CAD/CAM materyalleri sabit protetik diş tedavisinde klasik ürün seçeneklerine alternatif olarak kullanıma sunulmaktadır. CAD-CAM üretim teknikleri, bu materyallerin hassas bir şekilde şekillendirilmesine olanak tanımakta ve süreci basitleştirmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, reçine nanoseramik ve polimer infiltre seramik hibrit CAD-CAM materyallerinin kimyasal, mekanik ve estetik özellikleri ve bu materyallerin adeziv simantasyon protokolünde uygulanması gereken yüzey işlemi prosedürleri hakkında bilgi vermektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CAD/CAM
• reçine nanoseramik
• polimer infiltre seramik
• adeziv simantasyon

Structural Properties of Resin Nanoceramic and Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic CAD-CAM Materials

Öz

Properly made decision on material to be used for prosthodontic treatment is of critical importance in terms of treatment outcomes. Hybrid CAD/CAM materials, which the advantages and disadvantages of traditional restorative materials are optimized, are offered as an alternative to conventional restorative materials used for prosthodontic treatment. CAD/CAM technology allows these materials to be manufactured easily and precisely. The aim of this review is to provide information about the chemical, mechanical and esthetic properties of resin nanoceramic and polymer infiltrated ceramic hybrid CAD/CAM materials and the surface treatment procedures which should be applied during adhesive cementation protocol of these materials.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CAD/CAM
• resin nanoceramic
• polymer-infiltrated ceramic
• adhesive cementation

Kaynakça

1. 1. Rosenstiel S, Land M, Fujimoto J. Contemporary fixed prosthodontics 4th edition. Mosby, El Sevier Inc, St Louis, Missouri, USA. 2006.
2. 2. Jorquera G, Mahn E, Sanchez J, Berrera S, Prado M, Stange VB. Hybrid ceramics in dentistry: a literature review. J Clin Res Dent. 2018;1(2):1-5.
3. 3. Hampe R, Theelke B, Lümkemann N, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B. Fracture toughness analysis of ceramic and resin composite CAD/CAM material. Operative dentistry. 2019;44(4):E190-E201.
4. 4. Pasha M, Muhammad N, Shahnawaz S, Najmi Y, Shahroz N, Liaqat S. Ceramic nanomaterials in dental applications. Nanoengineering of Biomaterials. 2022:123-44.
5. 5. Çiftci S. Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 2011.
6. 6. Davarpanah I. Hybrid ceramics for chairside restorations. Scot Dent mag. 2018:58-63.
7. 7. Marchesi G, Camurri Piloni A, Nicolin V, Turco G, Di Lenarda R. Chairside CAD/CAM materials: current trends of clinical uses. Biology. 2021;10(11):1170.
8. 8. Dirxen C, Blunck U, Preissner S. Clinical performance of a new biomimetic double network material. The open dentistry journal. 2013;7:118.

9. 9. Siddanna GD, Valcanaia AJ, Fierro PH, Neiva GF, Fasbinder DJ. Surface evaluation of resilient CAD/CAM ceramics after contouring and polishing. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2021;33(5):750-63.
10. 10. Nagasawa Y, Hibino Y, Eda Y, Nakajima H. Effect of surface treatment of CAD/CAM resin composites on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement. Dental Materials Journal. 2021;40(2):364-78.
11. 11. Bonfante EA, Calamita M, Bergamo ETP. Indirect restorative systems-A narrative review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2023;35(1):84-104.
12. 12. Mainjot A, Dupont N, Oudkerk J, Dewael T, Sadoun M. From artisanal to CAD-CAM blocks: state of the art of indirect composites. Journal of dental research. 2016;95(5):487-95.
13. 13. Eić M. Effects of printing orientation, post-curing time, and aging on the physical properties of a 3D printed resin composite indicated for permanent restorations: University of British Columbia; 2024.
14. 14. Gracis S, Thompson VP, Ferencz JL, Silva NR, Bonfante EA. A new classification system for all-ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(3):227-35.
15. 15. Jandt KD, Watts DC. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Present and future perspectives on dental nanomaterials. Dental Materials. 2020;36(11):1365-78.
16. 16. Beun S, Glorieux T, Devaux J, Vreven J, Leloup G. Characterization of nanofilled compared to universal and microfilled composites. Dental materials. 2007;23(1):51-9.
17. 17. Atabek D, Sillelioglu H, Ölmez A. The efficiency of a new polishing material: nanotechnology liquid polish. Operative dentistry. 2010;35(3):362-9.
18. 18. Schweiger J, Edelhoff D, Güth J-F. 3D printing in digital prosthetic dentistry: an overview of recent developments in additive manufacturing. Journal of clinical medicine. 2021;10(9):2010.
19. 19. Vollath D. Nanoparticles-nanocomposites nanomaterials: an introduction for beginners: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
20. 20. Mainjot A. Recent advances in composite CAD/CAM blocks. Int J Esthet Dent. 2016;11(2):275-80.
21. 21. Vasudeva G. Monomer systems for dental composites and their future: a review. Journal of the California Dental Association. 2009;37(6):389-98.
22. 22. Shen C, Rawls HR, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Phillips' Science of Dental Materials E-Book: Phillips' Science of Dental Materials E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2021.
23. 23. Ding Y, Li B, Wang M, Liu F, He J. Bis‐GMA free dental materials based on UDMA/SR833s dental resin system. Advances in Polymer Technology. 2016;35(4):396-401.
24. 24. Gonçalves F, Kawano Y, Pfeifer C, Stansbury JW, Braga RR. Influence of BisGMA, TEGDMA, and BisEMA contents on viscosity, conversion, and flexural strength of experimental resins and composites. European journal of oral sciences. 2009;117(4):442-6.
25. 25. Barszczewska-Rybarek IM. A guide through the dental dimethacrylate polymer network structural characterization and interpretation of physico-mechanical properties. Materials. 2019;12(24):4057.
26. 26. PĂSTRAV M, Moldovan M, Chisnoiu A, SAROȘI C, MIUȚA F, PĂSTRAV O, et al. INFLUENCE OF FILLER, MONOMER MATRIX AND SILANE COATING ON COMPOSITE RESIN ADHESION. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Chemia. 2021;66(4).
27. 27. Li K, Yao C, Sun Y, Wang K, Wang X, Wang Z, et al. Enhancing resin-dentin bond durability using a novel mussel-inspired monomer. Materials Today Bio. 2021;12:100174.
28. 28. Rees J, Jacobsen P. The elastic moduli of enamel and dentine. Clinical materials. 1993;14(1):35-9.
29. 29. Isgrò G, Rodi D, Sachs A, Hashimoto M. Modulus of Elasticity of Two Ceramic Materials and Stress‐Inducing Mechanical Deformation following Fabrication Techniques and Adhesive Cementation Procedures of a Dental Ceramic. International Journal of Biomaterials. 2019;2019(1):4325845.
30. 30. Zubrzycki J, Klepka T, Marchewka M, Zubrzycki R. Tests of dental properties of composite materials containing nanohybrid filler. Materials. 2022;16(1):348.
31. 31. Vaiani L, Boccaccio A, Uva AE, Palumbo G, Piccininni A, Guglielmi P, et al. Ceramic materials for biomedical applications: an overview on properties and fabrication processes. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023;14(3):146.
32. 32. Duarte S, Sartori N, Phark J-H. Ceramic-reinforced polymers: CAD/CAM hybrid restorative materials. Current Oral Health Reports. 2016;3:198-202.
33. 33. Yin R, Kim Y-K, Jang Y-S, Lee J-J, Lee M-H, Bae T-S. Comparative evaluation of the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM dental blocks. Odontology. 2019;107:360-7.
34. 34. de Andrade GS, Augusto MG, Simões BV, Pagani C, Saavedra GdSFA, Bresciani E. Impact of simulated toothbrushing on surface properties of chairside CAD-CAM materials: An in vitro study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2021;125(3):469. e1-. e6.
35. 35. Schürmann MG, Olms C. Shade stability of polymer-infiltrated and resin nano ceramics. The open dentistry journal. 2018;12:791.
36. 36. Gueth J-F, Zuch T, Zwinge S, Engels J, Stimmelmayr M, Edelhoff D. Optical properties of manually and CAD/CAM-fabricated polymers. Dental materials journal. 2013;32(6):865-71.
37. 37. Skorulska A, Piszko P, Rybak Z, Szymonowicz M, Dobrzynski M. Review on Polymer, Ceramic and Composite Materials for CAD/CAM Indirect Restorations in Dentistry-Application, Mechanical Characteristics and Comparison. Materials (Basel). 2021;14(7).
38. 38. Kurtulmus‐Yilmaz S, Cengiz E, Ongun S, Karakaya I. The effect of surface treatments on the mechanical and optical behaviors of CAD/CAM restorative materials. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2019;28(2):e496-e503.
39. 39. Lee Y-K. Influence of scattering/absorption characteristics on the color of resin composites. Dental Materials. 2007;23(1):124-31.
40. 40. Demir N, Bozkurt M, Temizci T. Comparison of optical properties and bond strength of new CAD/CAM ceramic materials. Materials Research Express. 2024.
41. 41. SprintRay. Dental 3D Printing Materials 2024 [Available from: https://sprintray.com/dental-3d-printing-materials/.
42. 42. 3D R. Rodin 3D Brochure 2023 [Available from: https://www.rodin-3d.com/help-center/rodin-brochure.
43. 43. Bora PV, Sayed Ahmed A, Alford A, Pitttman K, Thomas V, Lawson NC. Characterization of materials used for 3D printing dental crowns and hybrid prostheses. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2024;36(1):220-30.
44. 44. Bora PV, Lawson NC, Givan DA, Arce C, Roberts H. Enamel wear and fatigue resistance of 3D printed resin compared with lithium disilicate. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(2):523. e1-. e9.
45. 45. Alkandari A. Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of 3D-printed resin materials: Boston University; 2026.
46. 46. Park Y, Kim J, Kang Y-J, Shim E-Y, Kim J-H. Comparison of Fracture Strength of Milled and 3D-Printed Crown Materials According to Occlusal Thickness. Materials. 2024;17(18):4645.
47. 47. Schulz A-C, Othman A, Ströbele D-A, Wagner J, Mosch R, von See C. Fracture strength test of digitally produced ceramic-filled and unfilled dental resin restorations via 3d printing: An in vitro study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2023;15(2):e118.
48. 48. Zimmermann M, Ender A, Egli G, Özcan M, Mehl A. Fracture load of CAD/CAM-fabricated and 3D-printed composite crowns as a function of material thickness. Clinical oral investigations. 2019;23:2777-84.
49. 49. Farkas AZ, Galatanu S-V, Nagib R. The influence of printing layer thickness and orientation on the mechanical properties of DLP 3D-printed dental resin. Polymers. 2023;15(5):1113.
50. 50. Krajangta N, Klaisiri A, Leelaponglit S, Intralawan N, Tiansuwan P, Pisethsalasai N. Color alteration of CAD/CAM 3D-printed, milled resin-ceramic hybrid material compared to enamel. Dental Materials Journal. 2024;43(3):386-93.
51. 51. Albrecht M, Schmidt F, Menzel F, Yassine J, Beuer F, Unkovskiy A. Comparative Analysis of Modern 3D-Printed Hybrid Resin-Ceramic Materials for Indirect Restorations: An In Vitro Study. Polymers. 2024;16(22):3161.
52. 52. Nam N-E, Hwangbo N-K, Kim J-E. Effects of surface glazing on the mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed permanent dental resin materials. Journal of Prosthodontic Research. 2024;68(2):273-82.
53. 53. Burjes O, Alkhalidi E. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Two 3D Printed Resin Material. 2024;13:9498.
54. 54. Facenda JC, Borba M, Corazza PH. A literature review on the new polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material (PICN). J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018;30(4):281-6.
55. 55. Lise D, Van Ende A, De Munck J, Vieira L, Baratieri L, Van Meerbeek B. Microtensile bond strength of composite cement to novel CAD/CAM materials as a function of surface treatment and aging. Operative dentistry. 2017;42(1):73-81.
56. 56. Awada A, Nathanson D. Mechanical properties of resin-ceramic CAD/CAM restorative materials. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2015;114(4):587-93.
57. 57. Al Amri MD, Labban N, Alhijji S, Alamri H, Iskandar M, Platt JA. In Vitro Evaluation of Translucency and Color Stability of CAD/CAM Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Materials after Accelerated Aging. J Prosthodont. 2021;30(4):318-28.
58. 58. Rohr N, Flury A, Fischer J. Efficacy of a Universal Adhesive in the Bond Strength of Composite Cements to Polymer-infiltrated Ceramic. J Adhes Dent. 2017;19(5):417-24.
59. 59. Swain M, Coldea A, Bilkhair A, Guess P. Interpenetrating network ceramic-resin composite dental restorative materials. Dental Materials. 2016;32(1):34-42.
60. 60. Ling L, Ma Y, Malyala R. A novel CAD/CAM resin composite block with high mechanical properties. Dental Materials. 2021;37(7):1150-5.
61. 61. Lawson NC, Bansal R, Burgess JO. Wear, strength, modulus and hardness of CAD/CAM restorative materials. Dental Materials. 2016;32(11):e275-e83.
62. 62. Laborie M, Naveau A, Menard A. CAD-CAM resin-ceramic material wear: A systematic review. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2024;131(5):812-8.
63. 63. Xu Z, Yu P, Arola DD, Min J, Gao S. A comparative study on the wear behavior of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material and tooth enamel. Dental Materials. 2017;33(12):1351-61.
64. 64. Awad D, Stawarczyk B, Liebermann A, Ilie N. Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2015;113(6):534-40.
65. 65. EftekharAshtiani R, Beyabanaki E, Razmgah M, Salazar A, Revilla-León M, Zandinejad A. Color stability of resin hybrid ceramic materials in comparison to zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Frontiers in Dentistry. 2023.
66. 66. Jonnada M, Rathnasekara R, El Rassi Z. Recent advances in nonpolar and polar organic monoliths for HPLC and CEC. Electrophoresis. 2015;36(1):76-100.
67. 67. Mine A, Kabetani T, Kawaguchi-Uemura A, Higashi M, Tajiri Y, Hagino R, et al. Effectiveness of current adhesive systems when bonding to CAD/CAM indirect resin materials: A review of 32 publications. Japanese Dental Science Review. 2019;55(1):41-50.
68. 68. Moura DMD, Veríssimo AH, Vila-Nova TEL, Calderon PS, Özcan M, Souza ROA. Which surface treatment promotes higher bond strength for the repair of resin nanoceramics and polymer-infiltrated ceramics? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2022;128(2):139-49.
69. 69. GÜL SZ, BATTAL R, ARISU HD. İndirekt Restorasyonların Adeziv Simantasyonu. Turkiye Klinikleri Restorative Dentistry-Special Topics. 2022;8(2):30-7.
70. 70. Della-Bona A. Characterizing ceramics and the interfacial adhesion to resin: II-the relationship of surface treatment, bond strength, interfacial toughness and fractography. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2005;13:101-9.
71. 71. Filho AM, Vieira LCC, Araújo É, Monteiro Júnior S. Effect of different ceramic surface treatments on resin microtensile bond strength. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2004;13(1):28-35.
72. 72. Tian T, Tsoi JK-H, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF. Aspects of bonding between resin luting cements and glass ceramic materials. Dental materials. 2014;30(7):e147-e62.
73. 73. Güngör MB, Nemli SK, Bal BT, Ünver S, Doğan A. Effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2016;8(4):259-66.
74. 74. Bashary N, Tashkandi A, Fan Y, Kaizer MR, Özcan M, Husain NA-H, et al. Evaluating the Bond Strength of a Polymer Infiltrated Ceramic Network to Zirconia Using the Crossbeam Push-Off Method. The European journal of prosthodontics and restorative dentistry. 2022;30(3):207.
75. 75. Gc-dental. Cerasmart Brochure [Available from: https://www.gc.dental/sea/sites/sea.gc.dental/files/products/downloads/cerasmart/brochure/cerasmart-brochure.pdf.
76. 76. Kariper E, Cilingir A. Bond strength of different resin-based cements to 3D-printed permanent restorations. American Journal of Dentistry. 2025;38(1).
77. 77. Kim M, Lee J, Park C, Jo D, Yu B, Khalifah SA, et al. Evaluation of shear bond strengths of 3D printed materials for permanent restorations with different surface treatments. Polymers. 2024;16(13):1838.
78. 78. Lava Ultimate C. CAM Restorative Technical Product Profile. St Paul, Minnesota: 3M ESPE. 2011.
79. 79. Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. Influence of thermal cycling on flexural properties and simulated wear of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing resin composites. Operative dentistry. 2017;42(1):101-10.
80. 80. Whaledent C. BRILLIANT Crios Product Guide 2023 [Available from: https://global.coltene.com/fileadmin/Data/EN/Products/Adhesives_Restoratives/CADCAM/60021815-06-16-EN-BRILLIANT-Crios-Product-Guide-A4-VIEW.pdf.
81. 81. Karaer O, Yamaguchi S, Imazato S, Terzioglu H. In Silico Finite Element Analysis of Implant-Supported CAD-CAM Resin Composite Crowns. J Prosthodont. 2023;32(3):259-66.
82. 82. Reymus M, Roos M, Eichberger M, Edelhoff D, Hickel R, Stawarczyk B. Bonding to new CAD/CAM resin composites: influence of air abrasion and conditioning agents as pretreatment strategy. Clinical oral investigations. 2019;23:529-38.
83. 83. Implant M. MAZIC Duro Brochure 2023 [Available from: https://www.minimaximplant.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/1_MAZICDuro_minimax.pdf.
84. 84. Sprintray. SprintRay Ceramic Crown Cementation Protocol (Ivoclar Variolink Esthetic DC) 2024 [Available from: https://sprintray.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SprintRay-Ceramic-Crown-Cementation-Protocol-Ivoclar-Variolink-Esthetic-DC-FINAL.pdf.
85. 85. Zahnfabrik V. VITA ENAMIC® Technical and Scientific Documentation 2023 [Available from: https://mam.vita-zahnfabrik.com/portal/ecms_mdb_download.php? id=82333&sprache=en&fallback=&rechtsraum=&cls_session_id=&neuste_version=1.
86. 86. Beyabanaki E, Eftekhar Ashtiani R, Feyzi M, Zandinejad A. Evaluation of Microshear Bond Strength of Four Different CAD‐CAM Polymer‐Infiltrated Ceramic Materials after Thermocycling. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2022;31(7):623-8.
87. 87. Ultra C. Dentist’s Page [Available from: https://crystalultra.com/dentists-page/.