İmplant Hastalıkları için Risk Değerlendirme Sistemi (IDRA), ChatGPT ve DeepSeek’in Peri-implant Hastalık Riski Değerlendirmesindeki Uyumunun Karşılaştırılması: 500 Vaka Senaryosu Çalışması

Öz

Amaç Bu çalışmanın amacı, İmplant Hastalıkları için Risk Değerlendirme Sistemi (IDRA) ile yapay zeka tabanlı dil modellerinin, bireyleri düşük, orta ve yüksek peri-implant hastalık riski kategorilerine sınıflandırmadaki uyum düzeyini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler Bu kesitsel karşılaştırmalı çalışmada, literatüre dayalı olarak farklı klinik durumları temsil edecek şekilde oluşturulan toplam 500 standartlaştırılmış implant vaka senaryosu analiz edilmiştir. Her bir senaryo; yaş, mevcut diş ve implant sayısı, sondalama derinliği, sondalamada kanama, kemik kaybı, periodontitis öyküsü ve destekleyici periodontal tedaviye uyum gibi klinik parametreleri içermektedir. Tüm vakalar, standart bir veri giriş formatı kullanılarak IDRA, ChatGPT ve DeepSeek platformlarında değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen risk sınıflandırmaları düşük, orta ve yüksek olarak kaydedilmiştir. Sistemler arasındaki uyum, lineer ağırlıklı Cohen’s kappa (κw) istatistiği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular IDRA, vakaların %95.8’ini yüksek risk olarak sınıflandırırken, ChatGPT ve DeepSeek daha heterojen bir dağılım sergilemiştir (sırasıyla %72.4 ve %88.6 yüksek risk). ChatGPT ile DeepSeek arasındaki uyum orta düzeyde bulunmuştur (κw = 0.442). IDRA ile DeepSeek arasında daha yüksek düzeyde uyum saptanırken (κw = 0.532), en düşük uyum IDRA ile ChatGPT arasında gözlenmiştir (κw = 0.258). Sonuç Yapay zeka tabanlı dil modelleri ile yapılandırılmış peri-implant risk değerlendirme sistemleri arasında değişken düzeylerde uyum bulunmaktadır. Sınıflandırma eğilimlerindeki farklılıklar ve kategori dağılımlarındaki dengesizlikler, uyum sonuçlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu bulgular, sınıflandırma dağılımındaki farklılıkları yansıtmakta olup, tanısal doğruluk veya klinik geçerliliği göstermemektedir. Klinik uygulamaya yönelik çıkarımlar yapılmadan önce gerçek hasta verileri ile ileri doğrulama çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yapay zeka
• Chat-GPT
• DeepSeek
• risk değerlendirmesi
• dental implantlar

Comparative Agreement of the Online Implant Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) Tool, ChatGPT and DeepSeek in Peri-implant Disease Risk Classification: A 500-Case Scenario Study

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement between an online Implant Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) tool and large language models in classifying patients into low, moderate, and high peri-implant disease risk categories. Material and Methods A total of 500 standardized implant case scenarios were generated based on established different clinical scenarios. Each scenario included clinical variables such as age, number of teeth and implants, probing depth, bleeding on probing, bone loss, history of periodontitis, and maintenance compliance. All cases were entered into IDRA (perio-tools.com), ChatGPT, and DeepSeek using an identical input format. Risk classifications were recorded as low, moderate, or high. Agreement between systems was assessed using linearly weighted Cohen’s kappa statistics. Results IDRA classified 95.8% of cases as high risk, whereas ChatGPT and DeepSeek showed more heterogeneous distributions (72.4% and 88.6% high risk, respectively). Agreement between ChatGPT and DeepSeek was moderate (κw = 0.442), while higher agreement was observed between IDRA and DeepSeek (κw = 0.532). The lowest agreement was found between IDRA and ChatGPT (κw = 0.258). Conclusion Large language models show variable agreement with structured peri-implant risk assessment systems. Differences in classification tendencies and class distribution may influence agreement outcomes. These findings reflect differences in classification pattern rather than diagnostic accuracy or clinical validity. Further validation using clinical data is required before any potential clinical application.

Keywords

• Chat-GPT
• artificial intelligence
• DeepSeek
• risk assessment
• dental implants

Kaynakça

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