EN
TR
Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Öz
Objectives
This study aimed to develop, psychometrically refine, and validate a scale assessing undergraduate dental students’ perceived preparedness for preventing, recognizing, and managing sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) accidents across pre-clinical and clinical stages of dental education.
Material and Methods
In this cross-sectional validation study, 200 undergraduate dental students completed an initial questionnaire on NaOCl irrigation safety. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal axis factoring with Direct Oblimin rotation. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Since scale scores were not normally distributed, between-group comparisons were conducted using non-parametric tests.
Results
The refined 15-item scale showed strong psychometric performance. Exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure, explaining 64.51% of the total variance. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.934. The mean total preparedness score was 60.58 ± 10.86 out of 75. Preparedness scores differed significantly according to academic year, increasing from the second to the fifth year. However, no significant difference was observed between fourth- and fifth-year students. Gender was not significantly associated with preparedness scores.
Conclusion
The 15-item scale is a reliable and construct-valid instrument for evaluating self-reported preparedness regarding NaOCl irrigation safety. The increase in preparedness across academic years suggests that students’ confidence and perceived competence improve with educational progression. However, the remaining variability in scores indicates the need for earlier, longitudinal, and scenario-based reinforcement of NaOCl accident prevention and emergency management within undergraduate dental curricula.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
The authors received no financial support for the research, author ship, and/or publication of this article
Etik Beyan
Ethical approval was obtained from the Non-Interventional Clin
ical Research Ethics Committee of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy
University (GO 2025/1845, 17 September 2025). Participation
was voluntary and anonymous, and electronic informed consent
was obtained from all participants.
Kaynakça
- Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32: 389-98. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.09.014
- Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. J Endod. 2008; 34: 1291-303. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.028
- Stojicic S, Zivkovic S, Qian W, et al. Tissue dissolution by sodium hypochlorite: effect of concentration, temperature, agitation, and surfactant. J Endod. 2010; 36: 1558-62. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.06.021
- Estrela C, Estrela CRA, Barbin EL, et al. Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite. Braz Dent J. 2002; 13: 113-7. doi: 10.1590/s0103-64402002000200007
- Kleier DJ, Averbach RE, Mehdipour O. The sodium hypochlorite accident: experience of diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. J Endod. 2008; 34: 1346-50. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.021
- Başer Can ED, Karapınar Kazandağ M, Kaptan RF. Inadvertent apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite with evaluation by dental volumetric tomography. Case Rep Dent. 2015; 2015: 1-4. doi: 10.1155/2015/247547
- Sabala CL, Powell SE. Sodium hypochlorite injection into periapical tissues. J Endod. 1989; 15: 490-2. doi: 10.1016/S0099-2399(89)80031-7
- Pai ARV. Mechanism and clinical aspects of sodium hypochlorite accidents: a narrative review. Dent Med Probl. 2025; 61: 173-85. doi: 10.17219/dmp/171284
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Endodonti
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
4 Ağustos 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
6 Temmuz 2026
Kabul Tarihi
13 Temmuz 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2
APA
Erkal, D., & Sert, D. (2026). Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, 5(2), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1988501
AMA
1.Erkal D, Sert D. Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akd Dent J. 2026;5(2):137-143. doi:10.62268/add.1988501
Chicago
Erkal, Damla, ve Damla Sert. 2026. “Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 5 (2): 137-43. https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1988501.
EndNote
Erkal D, Sert D (01 Ağustos 2026) Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 5 2 137–143.
IEEE
[1]D. Erkal ve D. Sert, “Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study”, Akd Dent J, c. 5, sy 2, ss. 137–143, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.62268/add.1988501.
ISNAD
Erkal, Damla - Sert, Damla. “Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 5/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 137-143. https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1988501.
JAMA
1.Erkal D, Sert D. Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akd Dent J. 2026;5:137–143.
MLA
Erkal, Damla, ve Damla Sert. “Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, c. 5, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 137-43, doi:10.62268/add.1988501.
Vancouver
1.Damla Erkal, Damla Sert. Sodium Hypochlorite Awareness and Irrigation Safety Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akd Dent J. 01 Ağustos 2026;5(2):137-43. doi:10.62268/add.1988501