Cinsel istismar mağduru anneler ve çocuklarının çocukluk çağı travmaları, öfke ifadeleri ve psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın öncellikli amacı 13 Mayıs 2014’te Soma maden faciasında eşlerini kaybetmek suretiyle travmatize bir grup olan annelerin öfke düzeyleri ve psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ile istismar mağduriyetinin, özellikle de cinsel istismarın ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Aynı zamanda çocuklukta cinsel istismar mağduriyeti bildiren anneler (araştırmaya katılan 118 kadından çocuklukta ve yetişkinlikte cinsel istismar bildiren sekizi) ile çocuklarının (90 çocuktan 11’i) çocukluk döneminde cinsel istismar, öfke ifadeleri ve psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi yoluyla anne-çocuk ruhsağlığı arasındaki yakın bağlantının bir kez daha belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Yöntem: Annelerin kendi çocukluk cinsel istismarı geçmişlerine ilişkin bilgiler, sosyodemografik veri formuna verilen öz bildirime dayalı verilere ve ev ziyaretlerindeki görüşme kayıtlarına dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan veri toplama araçları Sosyodemografik form, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği (CTQ-33), Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (ÇGPSÖ-28), Sürekli Öfke-Öfke Tarz Ölçeği’nden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Uygulanan Spearman korelasyon analizleri sonuçlarına göre; annelerin çocukluk çağı travmaları, öfke ifadeleri ile çocuklarının çocukluk çağı travmaları, öfke ifadeleri arasında anlamlı düzeyde negatif yönde ilişki, annelerin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ile çocukların öfke ifadeleri, çocukluk çağı travmaları ve dayanıklılıkları arasında alanyazın ile uyumlu anlamlı negatif ve pozitif yönlü ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Annelerin travmatik yaşantı öykülerinin çocuklarının da travmatik yaşantıya maruz kalması ve olumsuz psikolojik etkilere maruz kalmasına yol açtığını gösteren çalışma sonuçları bir başka açıdan değerlendirildiğinde, ebeveynlerin travmalarına yönelik iyileştirici müdahalelerin, çocukların travma yaşamalarını önleyici niteliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çocuklukta ve yaşamın diğer evrelerinde travmatik yaşantılar durumunda koruyucu faktörlerin önemi, baş etme ve dayanıklılığın farklı psikoterapi modellerine içkin hale getirilmesi yönünde araştırmalara gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• cinsel istismar
• çocukluk çağı travması
• öfke
• psikolojik dayanıklılık

Investigation on childhood traumas, anger expressions and psychological resilience of sexual abuse victim mothers and their children

Öz

Objective: The primary purpose of this research is to reveal the relationship between the anger levels and psychological resilience of mothers, who were traumatized by losing their spouses in the Soma mining disaster on May 13, 2014, and victimization of abuse, especially sexual abuse. At the same time, the close relationship between mother-child mental health was examined by examining the relationship between mothers reporting childhood sexual abuse victimization (eight out of 118 women participating in the study who reported childhood and adult sexual abuse) and their children (11 out of 90) childhood sexual abuse, anger expressions, and resilience. It is aimed to determine the connection once again. Methods: Information on mothers’ own childhood sexual abuse histories is based on self-report data given to the sociodemographic data form and interview records from home visits. Data collection tools used in the study consisted of Sociodemographic form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33), Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28), The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). In this study, relational screening model was used. Results: According to the results of the applied spearman correlation analysis; it was detected that there was a significantly negative relationship between the mothers’ childhood traumas, anger expressions and their children’s childhood traumas, anger expressions. It was also detected that there were significantly positive and negative relationships between the mothers’ resilience and their children’s childhood traumas, anger expressions, resilience, which are compatible with the literature as well. Conclusion: Results of the study shows mothers’ traumatic life stories cause their children to be exposed to traumatic experiences and negative psychological effects. From another point of view, it is revealed that remedial interventions for parental traumas prevent children from experiencing trauma. Therefore there is a need for research on the importance of protective factors in cases of traumatic experiences in childhood and at other stages of life, and incorporating coping and resilience into different psychotherapy models, and preventive interventions to increase psychological resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sexual abuse
• childhood trauma
• anger
• resilience

Kaynakça

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