Endişe verici bir madde: Bir prodrug olan 1,4-Bütandiol suistimali

Öz

Prodrug kavramı vücuda alımından sonra metabolize olarak farmakolojik olarak aktif hale geçen bileşiklere verilen isimdir. 1,4-bütandiol kimya, plastik ve tekstil sanayii gibi alanlarda yaygın kullanımı olan bir maddedir. Vücuda alındıktan sonra hızla psikoaktif etki gösteren Gama-Hidroksibütirat ’a dönüştüğünden dolayı “prodrug” lar için tipik örnektir. Son zamanlarda bu maddenin suiistimal edildiği adli dosyalar içerisinden görülmektedir. Maddenin psikoaktif etkileri ağızdan alımını takiben 5 ile 20 dakika içerisinde başlayıp yaklaşık olarak 2 ile 3 saat kadar sürmektedir. Oluşturduğu etkiler arasında öfori, erotik uyarılmalar, inhibisyon kaybı ve daha fazla tüketildiğinde sedatif etki sayılabilir. Bu makalede kendisi bizatihi psikoaktif bir etki doğurmayan 1,4-bütandiol’ün artan suiistimal potansiyelini ve yapılması gerekenleri ele almak amaçlanmıştır. 1,4-bütandiol Avrupa Birliği Kozmetik Maddeler mevzuatında, tehlikeli maddeler sınıfında yer almadığı gibi 1988 Uyuşturucu ve Psikotrop Maddelerin Kaçakçılığına Karşı Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi’nde, Birleşmiş Milletler prekürsör kimyasallar listesinde de bulunmamaktadır. Oysa bu maddenin metaboliti Gama-Hidroksibütirat 1971 psikotrop maddeler sözleşmesinin 2 nolu listesinde yer almaktadır. Günümüzde uyuşturucu tacirlerinin hukuki müeyyidelerden kaçmak amacı ile yeni yöntemler sergiledikleri görülmektedir. Bu nedenle Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 188. maddesine ilave bir fıkra eklemek sureti ile ya da mevcut fıkralarda düzenleme yapılarak “prodrug” ların yasa kapsamına alınmasının önü açılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 1
• 4-bütandiol
• uyuşturucu
• psikostimulan
• madde kötüye kullanımı
• prekürsör
• prodrug

An alarming substance: Abuse of a prodrug, 1,4-Butanediol

Öz

A prodrug is a compound that, after administration, is metabolized and converted within the body into a pharmacologically active drug. 1,4-butanediol is widely used in industry such as chemical, plastics and textile. It is typical example of prodrugs, because of rapidly metabolized to psychoactive gamma-hydroxybutyrate after consumed. It is recently seen from our forensic case files that it is abused. After administered orally, its psychoactive effects start in 5 to 20 minutes, and last for approximately 2 to 3 hours. The actual effects are euphoric, erotic senses, loss of inhibitions and after a dose of 4 ml, it induces sedative effect. In this article, it is aimed to discuss the increasing abuse potential of 1,4-butanediol, which itself does not cause a psychoactive effect, and what needs to be done. 1,4- butanediol is not restricted under the European legislation on cosmetics, not classified as a dangerous substance, and it is not included in the tables of the 1988 UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The chemical is not subject to the key UN convention that covers precursor chemicals; however, its metabolite, γ-hydroxybutyrate, is currently in Schedule II of the 1971 Convention. Today, it is seen that drug dealers exhibit new methods in order to escape from legal sanctions. For this reason, by adding an additional paragraph to Article 188 of the Turkish Penal Code or by making arrangements in the existing paragraphs, it should be possible to include “prodrugs” within the scope of the law.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 1
• 4-butanediol
• controlled substances
• psychostimulant
• drug abuse
• precursors
• prodrug

Kaynakça

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