Forensic Medical Evaluation of Female Cases Admitted Due to Intimate Partner Violence: A Sample From Artvin Province

Öz

Introduction: Intimate partner violence is a serious issue that especially affects women and causes serious physical and psychological effects. The aim of this study is to examine the victims of intimate partner violence in Artvin province. Method: Among the 801 cases for which forensic reports were issued by the Artvin Forensic Medicine Branch Directorate from 2020 to 2024, female cases aged 18 years and older who were subjected to forensic evaluation due to partner violence were included in the study. Variables such as sociodemographic characteristics of the cases, season of the violence, place of the incident, type and site of injury, severity of injury, and pre-incident history of partner violence were evaluated. Results: In the study, mean age among 43 patients who presented with intimate partner violence was 36.26 ± 13.18 years. The most frequently affected age group was 18-45 years, 67.4% of the cases were married and 74.4% had at least one child. It was determined that intimate partner violence was mostly perpetrated by official spouses and most of the victims had high school education level or less. Most of the incidents occurred in autumn and winter months and within the house, and 81.4% of the injuries were caused by blunt trauma. The rate of cases with a history of intimate partner violence before the incident was 56.1% and the rate of psychiatry outpatient clinic admission after the incident was 70.7%. Conclusion: Intimate partner violence is a serious problem, especially affecting women with economic dependence and low education levels. It is important to increase social awareness, implement policies that support for women’s economic independence, and strengthen protective services for victims. More comprehensive research is needed to develop effective intervention strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Intimate Partner Violence
• Domestic Violence
• Women’s Health
• Trauma

Yakın Partner Şiddeti Nedeniyle Başvuran Kadın Olgularının Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin İl Örneği

Öz

Amaç: Yakın partner şiddeti özellikle kadınları etkileyen ve ciddi fiziksel ve ruhsal etkilere yol açan önemli bir durumdur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Artvin ilinde partner şiddeti mağdurlarını inceleyerek, demografik özelliklerini, şiddetin meydana geldiği dönemsel dağılımı, şiddet türlerini, yaralanma bölgelerini ve mağdurların sağlık hizmeti başvurularını analiz etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, 2020-2024 yılları arasında Artvin Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğü tarafından adli rapor düzenlenen 801 olgu arasından, partner şiddeti nedeniyle adli değerlendirmeye tabi tutulan 18 yaş ve üzeri kadın olgular dahil edilmiştir. Olguların sosyodemografik özellikleri, şiddetin gerçekleştiği mevsim, olay yeri, yaralanma türü ve bölgesi, yaralanma ciddiyeti ve olay öncesi-partner şiddeti öyküsü gibi değişkenler değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada, yakın partner şiddeti nedeniyle başvuran 43 olgunun yaş ortalaması 36,26 ± 13,18 yıl olarak saptanmıştır. En sık etkilenen yaş grubu 18-45 yaş aralığında olup, olguların %67,4’ünün evli, %74,4’ünün en az bir çocuğa sahipti. Partner şiddetinin çoğunlukla resmi eşleri tarafından gerçekleştiği ve mağdurların büyük kısmının lise ve altı eğitim düzeyine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Olayların büyük kısmının sonbahar ve kış aylarında ve ev içerisinde gerçekleşmiş olup, yaralanmaların %81,4’ü künt travma sonucu oluşmuştu. Olay öncesinde partner şiddeti öyküsü olan olguların oranı %56,1, olay sonrası psikiyatri poliklinik başvurusu oranının ise %70,7 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Partner şiddeti, özellikle ekonomik bağımlılığı olan ve düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip kadınları etkileyen ciddi bir sorundur. Toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması, kadınların ekonomik bağımsızlığını destekleyen politikaların uygulanması ve mağdurlara yönelik koruyucu hizmetlerin güçlendirilmesi önemlidir. Etkili müdahale stratejileri geliştirmek için daha kapsamlı araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yakın Partner Şiddeti
• Aile İçi Şiddet
• Kadın Sağlığı
• Travma

Teşekkür

Çalışma izni ve katkıları için Adli Tıp Kurumu Başkanlığı’na teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

1. 1. World Health Organization. Violence Against Women. Published 2022. Accessed March 01, 2025. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women.
2. 1. World Health Organization. Violence Against Women. Published 2022. Accessed March 01, 2025. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women.
3. 2. Polat O, Yıldız AK. Kadına yönelik şiddet. In: Dokgöz H, editor. Adli Tıp & Adli Bilimler. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi AŞ; 2019. p. 501–37.
4. 2. Polat O, Yıldız AK. Kadına yönelik şiddet. In: Dokgöz H, editor. Adli Tıp & Adli Bilimler. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi AŞ; 2019. p. 501–37.
5. 3. Moore AM, Gover AR. Violence against women: Reflecting on 25 years of the violence against women act and directions for the future. Violence Against Women. 2021 Jan 23;27(1):3–7.
6. 3. Moore AM, Gover AR. Violence against women: Reflecting on 25 years of the violence against women act and directions for the future. Violence Against Women. 2021 Jan 23;27(1):3–7.
7. 4. United Nations. Declaration on the elimination of violence against women. New York, NY: United Nations; 1993.
8. 4. United Nations. Declaration on the elimination of violence against women. New York, NY: United Nations; 1993.

9. 5. O’Doherty L, Hegarty K, Ramsay J, Davidson LL, Feder G, Taft A. Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 Jul 22;2015(8).
10. 5. O’Doherty L, Hegarty K, Ramsay J, Davidson LL, Feder G, Taft A. Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 Jul 22;2015(8).
11. 6. Carlson C, Namy S, Norcini Pala A, Wainberg ML, Michau L, Nakuti J, Knight N, Allen E, İkenberg C, Naker D, Devries K. Violence against children and intimate partner violence against women: overlap and common contributing factors among caregiver-adolescent dyads. BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 29;20(1):124.
12. 6. Carlson C, Namy S, Norcini Pala A, Wainberg ML, Michau L, Nakuti J, Knight N, Allen E, İkenberg C, Naker D, Devries K. Violence against children and intimate partner violence against women: overlap and common contributing factors among caregiver-adolescent dyads. BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 29;20(1):124.
13. 7. Jewkes R. Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. The Lancet. 2002 Apr;359(9315):1423–9.
14. 7. Jewkes R. Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. The Lancet. 2002 Apr;359(9315):1423–9.
15. 8. Eggers del Campo I, Steinert JI. The effect of female economic empowerment interventions on the risk of intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2022 Jul 8;23(3):810–26.
16. 8. Eggers del Campo I, Steinert JI. The effect of female economic empowerment interventions on the risk of intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2022 Jul 8;23(3):810–26.
17. 9. Balcı Y, Çolak B, Gürpınar K, Anolay NN. Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda tanımlanan yaralama suçlarının adli tıp açısından değerlendirilmesi rehberi. Adli Tıp Uzmanları Derneği, Adli Tıp Kurumu Başkanlığı, Adli Tıp Derneği. 2019.
18. 9. Balcı Y, Çolak B, Gürpınar K, Anolay NN. Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda tanımlanan yaralama suçlarının adli tıp açısından değerlendirilmesi rehberi. Adli Tıp Uzmanları Derneği, Adli Tıp Kurumu Başkanlığı, Adli Tıp Derneği. 2019.
19. 10. Wörmann X, Wilmes S, Seifert D, Anders S. Males as victims of intimate partner violence — results from a clinical- forensic medical examination centre. Int J Legal Med. 2021 Sep 29;135(5):2107–15.
20. 10. Wörmann X, Wilmes S, Seifert D, Anders S. Males as victims of intimate partner violence — results from a clinical- forensic medical examination centre. Int J Legal Med. 2021 Sep 29;135(5):2107–15.
21. 11. Mussabekova SA, Mkhitaryan XE, Abdikadirova KR. Domestic violence in Kazakhstan: Forensic-medical and medical- social aspects. Forensic Science International: Reports. 2024 Jul;9:100356.
22. 11. Mussabekova SA, Mkhitaryan XE, Abdikadirova KR. Domestic violence in Kazakhstan: Forensic-medical and medical- social aspects. Forensic Science International: Reports. 2024 Jul;9:100356.
23. 12. Yildirim N, Uysal Toraman A. Analysis of the descriptive characteristics of female victims of violence applying to the domestic violence office of a court of law. J Forensic Leg Med. 2023 May;96:102510.
24. 12. Yildirim N, Uysal Toraman A. Analysis of the descriptive characteristics of female victims of violence applying to the domestic violence office of a court of law. J Forensic Leg Med. 2023 May;96:102510.
25. 13. Zhao Q, Huang Y, Sun M, Li Y, Lommel LL. Risk factors associated with intimate partner violence against chinese women: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 5;19(23):16258.
26. 13. Zhao Q, Huang Y, Sun M, Li Y, Lommel LL. Risk factors associated with intimate partner violence against chinese women: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 5;19(23):16258.
27. 14. Bailey BA, Daugherty RA. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: Incidence and associated health behaviors in a rural population. Matern Child Health J. 2007 Jul 10;11(5):495–503.
28. 14. Bailey BA, Daugherty RA. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: Incidence and associated health behaviors in a rural population. Matern Child Health J. 2007 Jul 10;11(5):495–503.
29. 15. Tokgozlu O, Sehlikoglu K, Bork T, Turkoglu A. Evaluation of intimate partner violence victims and perpetrators: A sample from Turkey. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2024;27(4):263–72.
30. 15. Tokgozlu O, Sehlikoglu K, Bork T, Turkoglu A. Evaluation of intimate partner violence victims and perpetrators: A sample from Turkey. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2024;27(4):263–72.
31. 16. Baranov V, Cameron L, Contreras Suarez D, Thibout C. Theoretical underpinnings and meta-analysis of the effects of cash transfers on intimate partner violence in low- and middle- income countries. J Dev Stud. 2021 Jan 2;57(1):1–25.
32. 16. Baranov V, Cameron L, Contreras Suarez D, Thibout C. Theoretical underpinnings and meta-analysis of the effects of cash transfers on intimate partner violence in low- and middle- income countries. J Dev Stud. 2021 Jan 2;57(1):1–25.
33. 17. Rostami F, Fathi E, Hatami Varzaneh A, Daneshpour M. Factors Impacting Why women stay in marital life with substance dependent husbands: A grounded theory study. J Community Health Res. 2021; 10(3): 205-217.
34. 17. Rostami F, Fathi E, Hatami Varzaneh A, Daneshpour M. Factors Impacting Why women stay in marital life with substance dependent husbands: A grounded theory study. J Community Health Res. 2021; 10(3): 205-217.
35. 18. DuBois KO. Rural Isolation, Small towns, and the risk of intimate partner violence. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Mar 26;37(5–6):NP2565–87.
36. 18. DuBois KO. Rural Isolation, Small towns, and the risk of intimate partner violence. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Mar 26;37(5–6):NP2565–87.
37. 19. Chen L, Yu Z, Luo X, Huang Z. Intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China: prevalence, patterns, and associated factors. BMC Public Health. 2016 Dec 7;16(1):1232.
38. 19. Chen L, Yu Z, Luo X, Huang Z. Intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China: prevalence, patterns, and associated factors. BMC Public Health. 2016 Dec 7;16(1):1232.
39. 20. Dönmez G, Şimşek H, Günay T. Spouse violence and related factors in married men. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2015 Dec 12;10(3):151–151.
40. 20. Dönmez G, Şimşek H, Günay T. Spouse violence and related factors in married men. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2015 Dec 12;10(3):151–151.
41. 21. Kurt E, Yorguner Kupeli N, Sonmez E, Bulut NS, Akvardar Y. Domestic violence among women attending to pychiatric outpatient clinic. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2018 Mar 19;55(1):22-28.
42. 21. Kurt E, Yorguner Kupeli N, Sonmez E, Bulut NS, Akvardar Y. Domestic violence among women attending to pychiatric outpatient clinic. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2018 Mar 19;55(1):22-28.
43. 22. Koca T, Kaya K, Hilal A. 2019 yılı içerisinde çukurova üniversitesi tıp fakültesi adli tıp anabilim dalına başvuran kadına yönelik fiziksel ve cinsel şiddet olgularının değerlendirilmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021 Aug 27;18(2):284–9.
44. 22. Koca T, Kaya K, Hilal A. 2019 yılı içerisinde çukurova üniversitesi tıp fakültesi adli tıp anabilim dalına başvuran kadına yönelik fiziksel ve cinsel şiddet olgularının değerlendirilmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021 Aug 27;18(2):284–9.
45. 23. Balcı Y, Kadı G, Göçeoğlu ÜÜ, İnanç L. Sık hastane başvurusu ev içi şiddetin habercisi mi? The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. 2019 Oct 13;24(2):93–9.
46. 23. Balcı Y, Kadı G, Göçeoğlu ÜÜ, İnanç L. Sık hastane başvurusu ev içi şiddetin habercisi mi? The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. 2019 Oct 13;24(2):93–9.
47. 24. Ünal B, Gülseren L. The hidden side of covid-19 pandemic: Domestic violence. Vol. 23, Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. ANP Publishing; 2020. p. 89–94.
48. 24. Ünal B, Gülseren L. The hidden side of covid-19 pandemic: Domestic violence. Vol. 23, Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. ANP Publishing; 2020. p. 89–94.
49. 25. Kadı G, Erbaş M, Balcı Y, Ünüvar Göçeoğlu Ü. Partner/dating violence among youths in Muğla. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences. 2019;16(2):81–7.
50. 25. Kadı G, Erbaş M, Balcı Y, Ünüvar Göçeoğlu Ü. Partner/dating violence among youths in Muğla. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences. 2019;16(2):81–7.
51. 26. Işık H, Gamsız Bilgin N. Evaluation of female cases applying to mersin medical faculty hospital due to partner violence between 2018-2020. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. 2023 Aug 1;28(2):166–77.
52. 26. Işık H, Gamsız Bilgin N. Evaluation of female cases applying to mersin medical faculty hospital due to partner violence between 2018-2020. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. 2023 Aug 1;28(2):166–77.
53. 27. Tomkins J, Jolliffe Simpson AD, Polaschek DLL. High- risk victims of intimate partner violence: An examination of abuse characteristics, psychosocial vulnerabilities and reported revictimization. J Fam Violence. 2023 Oct 31.
54. 27. Tomkins J, Jolliffe Simpson AD, Polaschek DLL. High- risk victims of intimate partner violence: An examination of abuse characteristics, psychosocial vulnerabilities and reported revictimization. J Fam Violence. 2023 Oct 31.
55. 28. Bellot A, Muñoz-Rivas MJ, Botella J, Montorio I. Factors associated with revictimization in intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behavioral Sciences. 2024 Jan 30;14(2):103.
56. 28. Bellot A, Muñoz-Rivas MJ, Botella J, Montorio I. Factors associated with revictimization in intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behavioral Sciences. 2024 Jan 30;14(2):103.
57. 29. Rahman S, Poynton S. Evaluation of the EQUIPS domestic abuse program. NSW Crime and Justice Bulletin. 2018;211.
58. 29. Rahman S, Poynton S. Evaluation of the EQUIPS domestic abuse program. NSW Crime and Justice Bulletin. 2018;211.
59. 30. Lin SC, Su CY, Chou FHC, Chen SP, Huang JJ, Wu GTE, Chen WJ, Chao SS, Chen CC. Domestic violence recidivism in high-risk Taiwanese offenders after the completion of violence treatment programs. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. 2009 Jun;20(3):458–72.
60. 30. Lin SC, Su CY, Chou FHC, Chen SP, Huang JJ, Wu GTE, Chen WJ, Chao SS, Chen CC. Domestic violence recidivism in high-risk Taiwanese offenders after the completion of violence treatment programs. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. 2009 Jun;20(3):458–72.
61. 31. Trevillion K, Oram S, Feder G, Howard LM. Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012 Dec 26;7(12):e51740.
62. 31. Trevillion K, Oram S, Feder G, Howard LM. Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012 Dec 26;7(12):e51740.
63. 32. Karakoc B, Gulseren L, Cam B, Gulseren S, Tenekeci N, Mete L. Prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2015 Dec 3;52(4):324–30.
64. 32. Karakoc B, Gulseren L, Cam B, Gulseren S, Tenekeci N, Mete L. Prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2015 Dec 3;52(4):324–30.
65. 33. Devries KM, Mak JY, Bacchus LJ, Child JC, Falder G, Petzold M, Astbury J, Watts CH. Intimate partner violence and incident depressive symptoms and suicide attempts: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. PLoS Med. 2013 May 7;10(5):e1001439.
66. 33. Devries KM, Mak JY, Bacchus LJ, Child JC, Falder G, Petzold M, Astbury J, Watts CH. Intimate partner violence and incident depressive symptoms and suicide attempts: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. PLoS Med. 2013 May 7;10(5):e1001439.
67. 34. McManus S, Walby S, Barbosa EC, Appleby L, Brugha T, Bebbington PE, Cook EA, Knipe D. Intimate partner violence, suicidality, and self-harm: a probability sample survey of the general population in England. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022 Jul;9(7):574–83.
68. 34. McManus S, Walby S, Barbosa EC, Appleby L, Brugha T, Bebbington PE, Cook EA, Knipe D. Intimate partner violence, suicidality, and self-harm: a probability sample survey of the general population in England. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022 Jul;9(7):574–83.
69. 35. Mazza M, Marano G, del Castillo AG, Chieffo D, Monti L, Janiri D, Moccia L, Sani G. Intimate partner violence: A loop of abuse, depression and victimization. World J Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 19;11(6):215–21.
70. 35. Mazza M, Marano G, del Castillo AG, Chieffo D, Monti L, Janiri D, Moccia L, Sani G. Intimate partner violence: A loop of abuse, depression and victimization. World J Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 19;11(6):215–21.
71. 36. Galovski TE, Werner KB, Weaver TL, Morris KL, Dondanville KA, Nanney J, Wamser-Nanney R, McGlinchey G, Fortier CB, Iverson KM. Massed cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women survivors of intimate partner violence. Psychol Trauma. 2022 Jul;14(5):769–79.
72. 36. Galovski TE, Werner KB, Weaver TL, Morris KL, Dondanville KA, Nanney J, Wamser-Nanney R, McGlinchey G, Fortier CB, Iverson KM. Massed cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women survivors of intimate partner violence. Psychol Trauma. 2022 Jul;14(5):769–79.
73. 37. Cirici Amell R, Soler AR, Cobo J, Soldevilla Alberti JM. Psychological consequences and daily life adjustment for victims of intimate partner violence. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2023 Jan 4;58(1):6–19.
74. 37. Cirici Amell R, Soler AR, Cobo J, Soldevilla Alberti JM. Psychological consequences and daily life adjustment for victims of intimate partner violence. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2023 Jan 4;58(1):6–19.