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Yargıtay Kararlarında Dövmenin Adli Tıp Bakış Açısıyla Multidisipliner Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 298 - 308, 28.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1743031

Öz

Amaç: Dövme, bireysel kimliğin ve sanatın bir ifadesi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Estetik bir unsur olmanın ötesinde, adli süreçlerde delil niteliği taşıyan önemli bir inceleme konusu olup özellikle kimliklendirme işlemlerinde rolü artan bir öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca, dövmeler sosyolojik boyutlarıyla da incelenmeye değer unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, Yargıtay içtihatlarında dövmenin adli tıp bağlamında nasıl ele alındığı değerlendirilmiştir. Yargıtay Karar Arama Sitesi üzerinden “dövme” anahtar kelimesiyle ulaşılan kararlar içeriklerine göre sınıflandırılmış; özellikle dövmelerin kimliklendirme süreçlerindeki işlevselliği, adli delil olarak kullanım potansiyeli, dövme sildirme işlemlerine bağlı hukuki sorunlar ve sosyolojik yansımaları incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: İncelenen 145 Yargıtay kararının %51,7’sinde dövmenin kimliklendirme aracı olarak kullanıldığı, en sık hırsızlık, yağma ve uyuşturucu suçlarında delil niteliği taşıdığı belirlenmiştir. Dövmenin fiziksel varlığına ilişkin eksik incelemelerin, adli süreçlerde önemli belirsizliklere yol açtığı ve özellikle tanık ifadeleriyle dövme uyumunun güçlü bir delil kriteri olarak değerlendirildiği görülmüştür. Dövmelerin en sık kol ve elde yer aldığı, detaylı dövme tasvirinin ise kimliklendirmede kullanılan kararların sadece %25,3’ünde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca dövme, sosyal etkileşim aracı olarak cinsel suçlarda belirgin bir şekilde öne çıkmış ve özellikle çocuğun cinsel istismarı vakalarında dikkat çekmiştir.
Sonuç: Dövme, kimliklendirme ve delil değerlendirme açısından önemli bir unsur olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Yargıtay kararlarının analizi, dövmelerin tanık ifadeleri ve görsel kayıtlarla karşılaştırılmasında belirleyici rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle dövmenin fiziksel tespiti, tanık ifadeleriyle uyumu ve görsel kayıtlarla karşılaştırılmasında standart protokollerin eksikliği dikkat çekmektedir. Adli süreçlerde dövmelerin daha etkin kullanılabilmesi için sistematik değerlendirme kriterleri oluşturulmalı ve dövme sildirme işlemleri hukuki ve tıbbi açıdan denetim altına alınmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Burris K, Kim K. Tattoo removal. Clin Dermatol 2007;25(4):388–92. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.05.011.
  • Çerikan FU, Alanko MR. Etymology and a brief history of tattooing in different languages. Pamukkale Univ J Soc Sci Inst 2016;(Suppl 1):166–93. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/pausbed/issue/34754/384372. (cited: 20 May 2025).
  • Demir AY. Traditional tattoos among the Baraks of Gaziantep, identity construction, and gender relations. Istanbul Anthropol Rev 2021;(1):59–85. doi:10.26650/IAR2021-2012.
  • Koch JR, Roberts AE, Armstrong ML, Owen DC. Body art, deviance, and American college students. Soc Sci J2010;47(1):151–61. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2009.10.001.
  • Atli A, Akkaya M, Şad SN. Tattooing: a popular way of self-expression among university students. Curr Psychol2022;41:8965–74. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01389-0.
  • Dadlez EM. Ink, art and expression: philosophical questions about tattoos. Philos Compass 2015;10:739–53. doi:10.1111/phc3.12258.
  • Probert SJ, Maynard P, Berry R, Mallett X, Seckiner D. Changes in the morphometric characteristics of tattoos in human remains. Aust J Forensic Sci 2021;55(4):474–91. doi:10.1080/00450618.2021.2010438.
  • Miranda M. Tattoos and tattoo inks: forensic considerations. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Forensic Sci 2019;2:e1360. doi:10.1002/wfs2.1360.
  • Corrales Blanco L, Gómez Valdés JA. Optimization and standardization of procedures in forensic identification: a methodology for description and coding of tattoos in Mexico. Sci Justice 2024;64(4):397–407. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2024.06.001.
  • Blay M, Hasler R, Nicastro R, Pham E, Weibel S, Debbané M, Perroud N. Body modifications in borderline personality disorder patients: prevalence rates, link with non-suicidal self-injury, and related psychopathology. Bord Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023;10:7. doi:10.1186/s40479-023-00213-4.
  • Dahal A, McNevin D, Chikhani M, Ward J. An interdisciplinary forensic approach for human remains identification and missing persons investigations. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Forensic Sci 2023;5(4):e1484. doi:10.1002/wfs2.1484.
  • Seckiner D, Ebert L, Mallett X, Berry R, Green H, Franckenberg S. A technical protocol for 3D observation and documentation of human decomposition. Aust J Forensic Sci 2024;56(2):154–67. doi:10.1080/00450618.2022.2146189.
  • Glans MR, Nilsson J, Bejerot S. Tattoos, piercings, and symptoms of ADHD in non-clinical adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024;14:1224811. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1224811.
  • Valentine P. Impulsivity, cannabis use, risk-taking behaviour and performance on vigilance, attention, and decision making tasks (Unpublished Thesis). Trent University, Canada, 2024.
  • Rima D, Aldabergenova N, Sharipova A, Atakhanova G, Beaver KM. Tattoos as a stigmatizing label implicated in being processed through the criminal justice system. Deviant Behav 2023;44(11):1701–12. doi:10.1080/01639625.2023.2230513.
  • Gregson C, Fuggle S. Reframing convict tattoo collections: the comic as critical methodology. Popul Commun 2024;:1–15. doi:10.1080/15405702.2024.2389057.
  • Jain AK, Ross A. Bridging the gap: from biometrics to forensics. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci2015;370(1674):20140254. doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0254.
  • Han H, Jain AK. Tattoo based identification: sketch to image matching. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB); 2013 Jun; Madrid, Spain. p.1–8. doi:10.1109/ICB.2013.6613003.
  • Ngan M, Grother P. Tattoo recognition technology – challenge (Tatt-C): An open tattoo database for developing tattoo recognition research. Proc IEEE Int Conf Identity Security Behav Anal. 2015 Jun. DOI:10.1109/ISBA.2015.7126369.
  • Phongroob P, Srinak N, Puangsri P. Artificial intelligence for tattoo classification in identity verification. Prog Appl Sci Tech. 2025 Apr;15(1):6-18. DOI:10.60101/past.2025.257000.
  • Yargıtay 9. Ceza Dairesi, E. 2021/5789, K. 2023/896, 23.02.2023.
  • Yargıtay 9. Ceza Dairesi, E. 2021/5972, K. 2023/5969, 05.10.2023.
  • Adams J. Marked difference: tattooing and its association with deviance in the United States. Deviant Behav. 2009;30(3):266-292. DOI:10.1080/01639620802168817.
  • Zeiler N, Kasten E. Decisive is what the tattoo shows: differences in criminal behavior between tattooed and non-tattooed people. Social Sciences 2016;5(2):16-20. DOI:10.11648/j.ss.20160502.12.
  • Rozycki Lozano A.T., Morgan R.D., Murray D.D., Varghese F. Prison tattoos as a reflection of the criminal lifestyle. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2011;55(4):509-29. DOI:10.1177/0306624X10370829.
  • Newman G. The implications of tattooing in prisoners. J Clin Psychiatry 1982;43(6):231-4. PMID:7085576.
  • Adisa TA, Adekoya OD, Sani KF. Stigma hurts: exploring employer and employee perceptions of tattoos and body piercings in Nigeria. Career Dev Int 2021;26(2):217–37. DOI:10.1108/CDI-09-2020-0239.
  • Ojeda VD, Magana C, Shalakhti O, Vargas-Ojeda AC, Burgos JL. Tattoo discrimination in Mexico motivates interest in tattoo removal among structurally vulnerable adults. Front Public Health 2022;10:894486. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2022.894486.
  • Rosario N, Wollen J. Tatted not tattered. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022;62(5):1538-41. DOI:10.1016/j.japh.2022.06.012.
  • Ruggs EN, Hebl MR. Do employees’ tattoos leave a mark on customers’ reactions to products and organizations? J Organ Behav 2022;43(6):965–82. DOI:10.1002/job.2616.
  • Khunger N, Molpariya A, Khunger A. Complications of tattoos and tattoo removal: stop and think before you ink. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2015;8(1):30–6. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.155072.
  • Gittleson NL, Wallen G, Dawson-Butterworth K. The tattooed psychiatric patient. Br J Psychiatry 1969;115(528):1249–53.
  • Borokhov A, Bastiaans R, Lerner V. Tattoo designs among drug abusers. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2006;43(1):28–33. PMID: 16910382.
  • Solis-Bravo MA, Flores-Rodríguez Y, Tapia-Guillen LG, Gatica-Hernández A, Guzmán-Reséndiz M, Salinas-Torres LA, Vargas-Rizo TL, Albores-Gallo L. Are tattoos an indicator of severity of non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents? Psychiatry Investig 2019;16(7):504–12. doi:10.30773/pi.2019.03.06.
  • Maloney P, Koch J. The college student’s religious tattoo: respect, reverence, remembrance. Sociol Focus 2020;53(1):53–66. doi:10.1080/00380237.2019.1703863.
  • Depreli A. Assessment of tattooed and non-tattooed people who are asked about criminal responsibility in terms of self-esteem, body perception, impulsivity and forensic medicine (Unpublished Thesis). Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, 2021.

A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Tattoos in Supreme Court Decisions From a Forensic Medicine Perspective

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 298 - 308, 28.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1743031

Öz

Aim: Tattoos are regarded as expressions of individual identity and art. Beyond being aesthetic elements, they have become important subjects of examination in legal proceedings, particularly gaining significance in identification processes. Additionally, tattoos warrant sociological investigation due to their broader social implications.
Materials and Methods: A total of 145 Court of Cassation decisions containing the term ‘tattoo’ were identified through the Turkish Court of Cassation Decision Search Database. These decisions were thematically analyzed based on the forensic and legal contexts in which tattoos were referenced.
Results: In 51.7% of the decisions, tattoos were used as tools of identification, primarily in theft, robbery, and drug-related offenses. However, among these identification-related decisions, only 25.3% included detailed tattoo descriptions. Tattoos were most commonly located on the arm and hand. In 16.6% of the cases, tattoos served as indicators of social interaction, particularly in sexual offense cases involving children. Additionally, 3.4% of the decisions included complaints related to complications following tattoo removal procedures, raising concerns regarding medical and legal oversight.
Conclusion: Tattoos serve as important forensic markers in the identification and evaluation of evidence. The findings highlight the need for standardized documentation protocols in judicial processes and for the implementation of stricter oversight in tattoo removal practices to ensure legal consistency and protect individual rights.

Kaynakça

  • Burris K, Kim K. Tattoo removal. Clin Dermatol 2007;25(4):388–92. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.05.011.
  • Çerikan FU, Alanko MR. Etymology and a brief history of tattooing in different languages. Pamukkale Univ J Soc Sci Inst 2016;(Suppl 1):166–93. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/pausbed/issue/34754/384372. (cited: 20 May 2025).
  • Demir AY. Traditional tattoos among the Baraks of Gaziantep, identity construction, and gender relations. Istanbul Anthropol Rev 2021;(1):59–85. doi:10.26650/IAR2021-2012.
  • Koch JR, Roberts AE, Armstrong ML, Owen DC. Body art, deviance, and American college students. Soc Sci J2010;47(1):151–61. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2009.10.001.
  • Atli A, Akkaya M, Şad SN. Tattooing: a popular way of self-expression among university students. Curr Psychol2022;41:8965–74. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01389-0.
  • Dadlez EM. Ink, art and expression: philosophical questions about tattoos. Philos Compass 2015;10:739–53. doi:10.1111/phc3.12258.
  • Probert SJ, Maynard P, Berry R, Mallett X, Seckiner D. Changes in the morphometric characteristics of tattoos in human remains. Aust J Forensic Sci 2021;55(4):474–91. doi:10.1080/00450618.2021.2010438.
  • Miranda M. Tattoos and tattoo inks: forensic considerations. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Forensic Sci 2019;2:e1360. doi:10.1002/wfs2.1360.
  • Corrales Blanco L, Gómez Valdés JA. Optimization and standardization of procedures in forensic identification: a methodology for description and coding of tattoos in Mexico. Sci Justice 2024;64(4):397–407. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2024.06.001.
  • Blay M, Hasler R, Nicastro R, Pham E, Weibel S, Debbané M, Perroud N. Body modifications in borderline personality disorder patients: prevalence rates, link with non-suicidal self-injury, and related psychopathology. Bord Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023;10:7. doi:10.1186/s40479-023-00213-4.
  • Dahal A, McNevin D, Chikhani M, Ward J. An interdisciplinary forensic approach for human remains identification and missing persons investigations. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Forensic Sci 2023;5(4):e1484. doi:10.1002/wfs2.1484.
  • Seckiner D, Ebert L, Mallett X, Berry R, Green H, Franckenberg S. A technical protocol for 3D observation and documentation of human decomposition. Aust J Forensic Sci 2024;56(2):154–67. doi:10.1080/00450618.2022.2146189.
  • Glans MR, Nilsson J, Bejerot S. Tattoos, piercings, and symptoms of ADHD in non-clinical adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024;14:1224811. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1224811.
  • Valentine P. Impulsivity, cannabis use, risk-taking behaviour and performance on vigilance, attention, and decision making tasks (Unpublished Thesis). Trent University, Canada, 2024.
  • Rima D, Aldabergenova N, Sharipova A, Atakhanova G, Beaver KM. Tattoos as a stigmatizing label implicated in being processed through the criminal justice system. Deviant Behav 2023;44(11):1701–12. doi:10.1080/01639625.2023.2230513.
  • Gregson C, Fuggle S. Reframing convict tattoo collections: the comic as critical methodology. Popul Commun 2024;:1–15. doi:10.1080/15405702.2024.2389057.
  • Jain AK, Ross A. Bridging the gap: from biometrics to forensics. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci2015;370(1674):20140254. doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0254.
  • Han H, Jain AK. Tattoo based identification: sketch to image matching. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB); 2013 Jun; Madrid, Spain. p.1–8. doi:10.1109/ICB.2013.6613003.
  • Ngan M, Grother P. Tattoo recognition technology – challenge (Tatt-C): An open tattoo database for developing tattoo recognition research. Proc IEEE Int Conf Identity Security Behav Anal. 2015 Jun. DOI:10.1109/ISBA.2015.7126369.
  • Phongroob P, Srinak N, Puangsri P. Artificial intelligence for tattoo classification in identity verification. Prog Appl Sci Tech. 2025 Apr;15(1):6-18. DOI:10.60101/past.2025.257000.
  • Yargıtay 9. Ceza Dairesi, E. 2021/5789, K. 2023/896, 23.02.2023.
  • Yargıtay 9. Ceza Dairesi, E. 2021/5972, K. 2023/5969, 05.10.2023.
  • Adams J. Marked difference: tattooing and its association with deviance in the United States. Deviant Behav. 2009;30(3):266-292. DOI:10.1080/01639620802168817.
  • Zeiler N, Kasten E. Decisive is what the tattoo shows: differences in criminal behavior between tattooed and non-tattooed people. Social Sciences 2016;5(2):16-20. DOI:10.11648/j.ss.20160502.12.
  • Rozycki Lozano A.T., Morgan R.D., Murray D.D., Varghese F. Prison tattoos as a reflection of the criminal lifestyle. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2011;55(4):509-29. DOI:10.1177/0306624X10370829.
  • Newman G. The implications of tattooing in prisoners. J Clin Psychiatry 1982;43(6):231-4. PMID:7085576.
  • Adisa TA, Adekoya OD, Sani KF. Stigma hurts: exploring employer and employee perceptions of tattoos and body piercings in Nigeria. Career Dev Int 2021;26(2):217–37. DOI:10.1108/CDI-09-2020-0239.
  • Ojeda VD, Magana C, Shalakhti O, Vargas-Ojeda AC, Burgos JL. Tattoo discrimination in Mexico motivates interest in tattoo removal among structurally vulnerable adults. Front Public Health 2022;10:894486. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2022.894486.
  • Rosario N, Wollen J. Tatted not tattered. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022;62(5):1538-41. DOI:10.1016/j.japh.2022.06.012.
  • Ruggs EN, Hebl MR. Do employees’ tattoos leave a mark on customers’ reactions to products and organizations? J Organ Behav 2022;43(6):965–82. DOI:10.1002/job.2616.
  • Khunger N, Molpariya A, Khunger A. Complications of tattoos and tattoo removal: stop and think before you ink. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2015;8(1):30–6. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.155072.
  • Gittleson NL, Wallen G, Dawson-Butterworth K. The tattooed psychiatric patient. Br J Psychiatry 1969;115(528):1249–53.
  • Borokhov A, Bastiaans R, Lerner V. Tattoo designs among drug abusers. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2006;43(1):28–33. PMID: 16910382.
  • Solis-Bravo MA, Flores-Rodríguez Y, Tapia-Guillen LG, Gatica-Hernández A, Guzmán-Reséndiz M, Salinas-Torres LA, Vargas-Rizo TL, Albores-Gallo L. Are tattoos an indicator of severity of non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents? Psychiatry Investig 2019;16(7):504–12. doi:10.30773/pi.2019.03.06.
  • Maloney P, Koch J. The college student’s religious tattoo: respect, reverence, remembrance. Sociol Focus 2020;53(1):53–66. doi:10.1080/00380237.2019.1703863.
  • Depreli A. Assessment of tattooed and non-tattooed people who are asked about criminal responsibility in terms of self-esteem, body perception, impulsivity and forensic medicine (Unpublished Thesis). Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, 2021.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Adli Tıp
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmet Depreli 0000-0001-5941-2358

Caner Beşkoç 0000-0003-1336-0358

Tuğba Ataseven 0009-0007-5275-5850

İlker Güneysu 0000-0003-4777-4524

Muhammed Emre Yılmaz 0000-0002-5836-4654

Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Depreli A, Beşkoç C, Ataseven T, Güneysu İ, Yılmaz ME. A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Tattoos in Supreme Court Decisions From a Forensic Medicine Perspective. ATD. 2025;39(3):298-30.

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