Elle Yazılıp İmzalandıktan Sonra İstiflenen Kağıt Belgeler Arasında Difüzyona İzin Veren Bir Ortamda GC-MS Yöntemiyle Mürekkep Yaşı Tayininin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 287 - 297, 28.12.2025

Samet Kıyak , Hasan Çabuk , Ahmet Sedat Dündar , Rıza Yılmaz

Öz

Amaç: Adli belge incelemesinin önemli bir unsuru olan adli belge sahteciliği kapsamında, bu araştırma belgelerdeki mürekkebin yaşını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, özellikle mavi, kırmızı ve siyah tükenmez kalemlerle elle yazılmış ve imzalanmış, ardından istiflenmiş ve kağıtlar arası yayılımı kolaylaştıran bir ortam oluşturulmuş belgeleri incelemektedir.
Yöntem: Her ay, aynı kişi aynı marka mavi, kırmızı ve siyah tükenmez kalemleri kullanarak aynı metni tutarlı kalitedeki kağıtlara yazmıştır. Eş zamanlı olarak, her belge ıslak mürekkeple imzalanmış ve buna göre tarih atılmıştır. Hazırlanan belgeler daha sonra sırayla istiflenmiş ve her yeni belge daha önce hazırlanan belgenin üzerine yerleştirilmiştir. Bu istifler kapalı bir karton kutuda saklanmış ve homojen ortam koşullarında doğal yaşlanmaya bırakılmıştır. Daha sonra, mürekkebin uçucu bir bileşeni olan fenoksietanol konsantrasyonu, Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometrisi (GC-MS) sistemi kullanılarak numunelerde belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular ve Sonuç: Analizler sonucunda, her üç renkteki tükenmez kalem mürekkebiyle yazılmış belgeler karşılaştırıldığında, 1 gün ve 1 ay sonra fenoksietanol seviyelerinde bir düşüş gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, 4 aylık örneklerde 3 aylık örneklere, 6 aylık örneklerde ise 5 aylık örneklere kıyasla fenoksietanol seviyelerinde beklenmedik bir artış tespit edilmiştir. Aynı ortamda saklanan birden fazla el yazısı ve imzalı belge arasında yayılma potansiyeli göz önüne alındığında, bu tür yazıtların tarihlendirilmesine yönelik daha bilimsel ve titiz bir yaklaşım, yazılara ve imzalara kesin bir tarih atamak yerine, belgeleri kronolojik olarak karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edip sıralayarak bir tarih aralığı belirlemeyi içerir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adli Belge İncelemesi , Adli Bilimler , Mürekkep Yaşlandırma , Doğal Yaşlandırma , Fenoksietanol

Etik Beyan

Etik onay ve katılıma izin: Bu çalışma için etik onay Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu'ndan alınmıştır (Onay Tarihi: 29.05.2014; Protokol No: 2014/08-13).

Evaluation of Ink Age Determination by GC-MS Method in an Environment Allowing Diffusion Among Paper Documents Stacked After Being Handwritten and Signed

Öz

Aim: Within the scope of forensic document forgery, a key aspect of forensic document examination, this research aims to determine ink age in documents. The investigation specifically evaluates documents that were handwritten and signed with blue, red, and black ballpoint pens and then stored stacked, creating an environment that facilitates inter-paper diffusion.
Methods: Each month, the same individual inscribed identical text onto paper of consistent quality using the same brand of blue, red, and black ballpoint pens. Simultaneously, each document was signed with wet ink and dated accordingly. The prepared documents were then stacked sequentially, with each new document placed atop the previously prepared one. These stacks were stored in a closed cardboard box and allowed to undergo natural aging under uniform environmental conditions. Subsequently, the concentration of phenoxyethanol, a volatile component of the ink, was determined in the samples using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) system
Results and Conclusion: As a result of the analyses, a decrease in phenoxyethanol levels was observed when comparing documents written with ballpoint pen ink in all three colors after 1 day and 1 month. However, an unexpected increase in phenoxyethanol levels was detected in 4-month-old samples compared to 3-month-old samples and in 6-month-old samples compared to 5-month-old samples. Considering the potential for diffusion between multiple handwritten and signed documents stored in the same environment, a more scientifically rigorous approach to dating such inscriptions involves establishing a date range by comparatively analyzing and sequencing the documents chronologically, rather than assigning an exact date to the writings and signatures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forensic Document examination , Forensic Sciences , Ink age , Natural aging , phenoxyethanol

Etik Beyan

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University (Approval Date: 29.05.2014; Protocol No: 2014/08-13).

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