Bursa’da Traktör Kazalarına Bağlı Ölümler: 107 Olguluk Adli Otopsi Serisi

Öz

Amaç: Tarımsal üretimde traktörlerin yaygınlaşması ile birlikte insan gücüne olan ihtiyaç azalmış ve traktör kaynaklı ölümler artmıştır. Çalışmamızda Bursa Adli Tıp Grup Başkanlığı‘nda 2015-2024 yılları arasında otopsisi yapılan traktör kazası kaynaklı ölümler değerlendirilerek bu hususta farkındalık oluşturulması ve bu ölümlerin azaltılmasına yönelik adımlar atılmasına katkı sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Traktör kazasına bağlı meydana gelen ölüm olgularının otopsi raporları retrospektif olarak incelenmiş; yaş, cinsiyet, olay türü, olayın meydana geldiği yıl ve ay, ölümün gerçekleştiği yer, yaralanma bölgesi, toksikolojik incelemeler gibi parametreler değerlendirilmiş ve elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS 29 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: 2015-2024 yılları arasında otopsisi yapılan 16.791 olgunun 107(%0,64)’sini traktör kazalarına bağlı ölümler oluşturmaktadır. Olguların %93.5’i erkek, %6.5’i kadındır. Yaş ortalaması yaş 51.35±19.9 olup en küçük olgu 5, en büyük olgu 85 yaşındadır. Olay türü bilinen olgular kendi içinde değerlendirildiğinde traktör kazalarının %56.5’i traktör devrilmesidir. Kazalar en sık %37.4 ile yaz mevsiminde meydana gelmiştir. En sık yaralanma alanları göğüs ve batın bölgeleridir. Olguların %67.2’sinde ölüm olay yerinde gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuç: Traktör kazaları her yaş grubunda ölüme neden olabilen ciddi halk sağlığı sorunlarından biridir. Tarım sektöründe çalışanların çalışma koşullarının denetlenmesi ve iyileştirilmesi, özellikle pediatrik ve geriatrik yaş grubuna yönelik güvenlik tedbirlerinin arttırılması bu ölümlerin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• traktör kazaları
• adli otopsi
• ölüm
• travma
• adli tıp

Fatal Tractor Accidents in Bursa: A 107-Case Forensic Autopsy Series

Öz

Objective: With the increasing use of tractors in agricultural production, the need for human labor has decreased, while tractor-related fatalities have increased. This study aimed to evaluate fatal tractor accident cases that underwent forensic autopsy at Bursa Group Directorate, Council of Forensic Medicine between 2015 and 2024, with the objective of increasing awareness of this important public health problem and contributing to efforts aimed at reducing such deaths. Methods: Autopsy reports of fatal tractor accident cases were retrospectively reviewed. Variables including age, sex, type of accident, year and month of occurrence, place of death, injured body region, and toxicological findings were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29. Results: Of the 16.791 forensic autopsies performed between 2015 and 2024, 107 (0.64%) were attributed to tractor accidents. Of the cases, 93.5% were male and 6.5% were female. The mean age was 51.35 ± 19.9 years (range: 5–85 years). Tractor rollover was the most common accident mechanism (56.5%). Fatal accidents occurred most frequently during the summer season (37.4%). The thoracic and abdominal regions were the most frequently injured body areas. Death occurred at the scene in 67.2% of the cases. Conclusion: Tractor accidents constitute a serious public health problem that can result in fatal outcomes across all age groups. Improving occupational safety practices and working conditions in the agricultural sector, together with strengthening preventive measures particularly for pediatric and geriatric populations, may contribute to reducing tractor accident-related deaths.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• tractor accident
• forensic autopsy
• death
• trauma
• forensıc medicine

Kaynakça

1. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/topics-and- sectors/industriesand-sectors/agriculture-aquaculture-planta- tions-other-rural-sectors (Erişim Tarihi:25.06.2026)
2. Map of the month:How many p e o - ple work in agriculture? https://blog.resourcewatch. org/2019/05/30/map-of-the-month-how-many-people- work-in- agriculture/ (Erişim Tarihi:25.06.2026)
3. Rivara FP. Fatal and nonfatal farm injuries to children and adoles- cents in the United States. Pediatrics. 1985;76(4):567-73. https:// doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.4.567.
4. İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanun Tasarısı ve Tarım Çalışanları.https://turktarim.gov.tr/EDergi/205/mobile/index. html#68 (Erişim Tarihi:25.06.2026)
5. Rautiainen RH, Reynolds SJ. Mortality and morbidity in agricul- ture in the United States. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. 2002;8(3):259. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.9054.
6. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. TÜİK. https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/ press/58042 (Erişim Tarihi:25.06.2026)
7. Lee T-Y, Gerberich SG, Gibson RW, Carr WP, Shutske J, Renier CM. A populationbased study of tractor-related injuries: Regional Rural Injury Study-I (RRIS-I). Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1996;38(8):782-93. https:// doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199608000-00014.
8. Dogan KH, Demirci S, Sunam GS, Deniz I, Gunaydin G. Evaluation of farm tractorrelated fatalities. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 2010;31(1):64-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/ paf.0b013e3181c21bf0.

9. Türkoğlu A, Sehlikoğlu K, Tokdemir M. Analysis of tractor-as- sociated fatalities. The American Journal of Forensic Medi- cine and Pathology. 2017;38(4):306-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/ paf.0000000000000344.
10. Karbeyaz K, Şimşek Ü, Yilmaz A. Deaths related to tractor acci- dents in Eskişehir, Turkey: A 25‐year analysis. Journal of Foren- sic Sciences. 2019;64(6):1731-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556- 4029.14102.
11. Erkol Z, Buken B, Hekimoglu Y, Erkol H, Ince H, Erzengin OU. Analysis of tractorrelated deaths. Journal o f Agromedicine. 2013;18(2):87-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/105992 4x.2013.767737.
12. Özdeş T, Berber G, Celik S. Death cases related to tractor overturns. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011;31(1):133-41. https://doi:10.5336/medsci.200914526.
13. Kogler R, Quendler E, Boxberger J. Occupational accidents with agricultural machinery in Austria. Journal o f Agromedicine. 2016;21(1):61-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/105992 4x.2015.1075451.
14. Fulcher J, Noller A, Kay D. Farming tractor fatalities in Virgin- ia: an 11-year retrospective review. The American Journal of Fo- rensic Medicine and Pathology. 2012;33(4):377-81. https://doi. org/10.1097/paf.0b013e3182518d2c.
15. Voaklander DC, Hartling L, Pickett W, Dimich-Ward H, Brison RJ. Work-related mortality among older farmers in Canada. Canadian Family Physician. 1999;45:2903.
16. Bernhardt JH, Langley RL. Analysis of tractor‐related deaths in North Carolina from 1979 to 1988. The Journal of Rural Health. 1999;15(3):285-95.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17480361.1999. tb00750.x.
17. Karlson T, Noren J. Farm tractor fatalities: the failure of vol- untary safety standards. American Journal of Public Health. 1979;69(2):146-9. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.69.2.146
18. Goodman RA, Smith JD, Sikes RK, Rogers DL, Mickey JL. Fatal- ities associated with farm tractor injuries: an epidemiologic study. Public Health Reports. 1985;100(3):329.
19. Uivarosan D, Bungau SG, Nistor-Cseppento CD, Negru PA, Bungau AF, Sabau AM. Application of robotic recovery techniques to stroke survivors—bibliometric analysis. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022;12(12):2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122066.
20. Victorino GP, Chong TJ, Pal JD. Trauma in the elderly patient. Ar- chives of Surgery. 2003;138(10):1093-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/ archsurg.138.10.1093.
21. Rorat M, Thannhauser A, Jurek T. Analysis of injuries and causes of death in fatal farmrelated incidents in Lower Silesia, Poland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2015;22(2). https:// doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1152079.
22. Thelin A. Fatal accidents in Swedish farming and forestry, 1988– 1997. Safety Science. 2002;40(6):501-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0925-7535(01)00017-0.
23. Sanderson WT, Madsen MD, Rautiainen R, Kelly KM, Zwerling C, Taylor C. Tractor overturn concerns in Iowa: perspectives from the Keokuk county rural health study. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. 2006;12(1):71-81. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.20198.
24. Myers JR, Hendricks KJ. Agricultural tractor overturn deaths: as- sessment of trends and risk factors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2010;53(7):662-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20775.
25. Reynolds SJ, Groves W. Effectiveness of roll-over protective struc- tures in reducing farm tractor fatalities. American Journal of Pre- ventive Medicine. 2000;18(4):63-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749- 3797(00)00142-2.
26. Springfeldt B. Rollover of tractors—international experiences. Safety Science. 1996;24(2):95-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925- 7535(96)00069-0.
27. Cogbill TH, Steenlage ES, Landercasper J, Strutt PJ. Death and disability from agricultural injuries in Wisconsin: a 12-year ex- perience with 739 patients. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 1991;31(12):1632-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373- 19911200000012.
28. Bayat H. Bursa ilinde meydana gelen traktör kazalarının değerlendi- rilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa, 2024.