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Dental İmplant Tedavisinde Farklı Yerleştirme Zamanlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Hemen, Erken ve Geç Dönem Uygulamalar

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1427 - 1440, 01.04.2013

Öz

Son yıllarda implant uygulamaları diş çekiminden hemen sonra ya da yumuşak doku iyileşmesinin tamamlanmasını izleyen erken dönemde 15 gün-6 ay yaygın olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu uygulama tekniklerinin geç implant uygulamalarına göre birtakım avantaj ve dezavantajları mevcuttur. Bu derlemede diş çekiminden sonra farklı zamanlarda yerleştirilen implantların klinik sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Az sayıdaki kontrollü klinik çalışmada farklı implant yerleştirme protokolleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ağızda kalım oranları değerlendirildiğinde her üç uygulamada elde edilen sonuçlar benzer bulunmuştur ve yaklaşık değer %95’dir. Hemen implant uygulamalarının alveol kemik rezorpsiyonunu önleyip önlemediği tartışmalıdır. İmplant yüzeyi ile soket duvarı arasında kalan mesafe az ise spontan iyileşme gerçekleşebildiği gibi bu durumda ogmentasyon uygulamalarının gerekliliği ile ilgili kesin bir yargı bulunmamaktadır. Hemen ve erken implant uygulamaları sonrasındaki estetik sonuçlarla ilgili yeterli veriler bulunmamakla birlikte bu tedavi yaklaşımları ile estetik ve fonksiyon açısından yüksek hasta memnuniyeti sağlanabilmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Branemark PI. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50:399-410.
  • Koh RU, Rudek I, Wang HL. Immediate implant placement: Positives and negatives. Implant Dent. 2010;19:98-108.
  • Soydan SS, Cubuk S, Oguz Y, Uckan S. Are success and survival rates of early implant placement higher than immediate implant placement? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42:511-5. Schropp L, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Bone healing following immediate versus delayed placement of titanium implants into extraction sockets: A prospective clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:189-99.
  • Schropp L, Isidor F. Timing of implant placement relative to tooth extraction. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(Suppl 1):33-43.
  • Wilson TG, Weber HP. Classification of and therapy for areas of deficient bony housing prior to dental implant placement. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1993;13:451-9.
  • Nir-Hadar O, Palmer M, Soskolne WA. Delayed immediate implants: Alveolar bone changes during the healing period. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998;9:26-33.
  • Zitzmann NU, Scharer P, Marinello CP. Factors influencing the success of GBR. Smoking, timing of implant placement, implant location, bone quality and provisional restoration. J Clin Periodontol. 1999;26:673-82.
  • Mayfield LJA. Immediate, delayed and late submerged and transmucosal implants. In: Lang NP, Karring T, Lindhe J, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd European workshop on periodontology: Implant dentistry. Berlin, Quintessenz Verlags- GmbH, 1999; p.520-34.
  • Hammerle CH, Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of implants in extraction sockets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:26-8.
  • Funato A, Salama MA, Ishikawa T, Garber DA, Salama H. Timing, positioning, and sequential staging in esthetic implant therapy: A four- dimensional perspective. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2007;27:313-23.
  • den Hartog L, Slater JJ, Vissink A, Meijer HJ, Raghoebar GM. Treatment outcome of immediate, early and conventional single-tooth implants in the aesthetic zone: A systematic review to survival, bone level, soft-tissue, aesthetics and patient satisfaction. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:1073- 86.
  • Watzek G, Haider R, Mensdorff-Pouilly N, Haas R. Immediate and delayed implantation for complete restoration of the jaw following extraction of all residual teeth: A retrospective study comparing different types of serial immediate implantation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:561-7.
  • Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr, Hammerle CH. Immediate or early placement of implants following tooth extraction: Review of biologic basis, clinical procedures, and outcomes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:12-25.
  • Werbitt MJ, Goldberg PV. The immediate implant: Bone preservation and bone regeneration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1992;12:206-17. Chen ST, Beagle J, Jensen SS, Chiapasco M, Darby I. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding surgical techniques. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24 Suppl:272-8.
  • Bhola M, Neely AL, Kolhatkar S. Immediate implant placement: Clinical decisions, advantages, and disadvantages. J Prosthodont. 2008;17:576-81. Lang NP, Pun L, Lau KY, Li KY, Wong MC. A systematic review on survival and success rates of implants placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets after at least 1 year. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23 (Suppl 5):39-66.
  • Evian CI, Rosenberg ES, Coslet JG, Corn H. The osteogenic activity of bone removed from healing extraction sockets in humans. J Periodontol. 1982;53:81-5.
  • Chen ST, Buser D. Clinical and esthetic outcomes of implants placed in postextraction sites. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24 Suppl:186- 217.
  • Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D. Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the Branemark system. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1992;3:104-11. Truhlar RS, Morris HF, Ochi S. Implant surface coating and bone quality-related survival outcomes through 36 months post-placement of root-form endosseous dental implants. Ann Periodontol. 2000;5:109-18. Manz MC. Factors associated with radiographic vertical bone loss around implants placed in a clinical study. Ann Periodontol. 2000;5:137-51.
  • Aglietta M, Siciliano VI, Rasperini G, Cafiero C, Lang NP, Salvi GE. A 10-year retrospective analysis of marginal bone-level changes around implants in periodontally healthy and periodontally compromised tobacco smokers. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22:47-53. Bornstein MM, Cionca N, Mombelli A. Systemic conditions and treatments as risks for implant therapy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24 Suppl:12-27.
  • Lambert PM, Morris HF, Ochi S. Positive effect of surgical experience with implants on second- stage implant survival. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;55 (12 Suppl 5):12-8.
  • Albrektsson T, Branemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155-70. Eriksson RA, Albrektsson T. The effect of heat on bone regeneration: An experimental study in the rabbit using the bone growth chamber. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984;42:705-11.
  • Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1986;1:11-25. Iacono VJ. Dental implants in periodontal therapy. J Periodontol. 2000;71:1934-42.
  • Arlin ML. Survival and success of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched and titanium plasma- sprayed implants: A retrospective study. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:821.
  • Yukna RA. Clinical comparison of hydroxyapatite- coated titanium dental implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites. J Periodontol. 1991;62:468-72.
  • Cranin AN, Heimke G, Gelbman J, Simons A, Klein M, Sirakian A. Clinical trials with a polycrystalline alumina dental implant. J Oral Implantol. 1993;19:221-7. Jo HY, Hobo PK, Hobo S. Freestanding and multiunit immediate loading of the expandable implant: An up-to-40-month prospective survival study. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85:148-55.
  • Degidi M, Piattelli A, Gehrke P, Felice P, Carinci F. Five-year outcome of 111 immediate nonfunctional single restorations. J Oral Implantol. 2006;32:277-85.
  • Degidi M, Piattelli A, Carinci F. Immediate loaded dental implants: Comparison between fixtures inserted in postextractive and healed bone sites. J Craniofac Surg. 2007;18:965-71.
  • Penarrocha-Oltra D, Demarchi CL, Maestre-Ferrin L, Penarrocha-Diago M, Penarrocha-Diago M. Comparison of immediate and delayed implants in the maxillary molar region: A retrospective study of 123 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:604-10.
  • Penarrocha-Diago MA, Maestre-Ferrin L, Demarchi CL, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha-Diago M. Immediate versus nonimmediate placement of implants for full-arch fixed restorations: A preliminary study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:154-9.
  • Pellicer-Chover H, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Bagan L, Fichy-Fernandez AJ, Canullo L, Penarrocha- Diago-M. Single-blind randomized clinical trial to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after one year of immediate versus delayed implant placement supporting full-arch prostheses. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014;19:295-301.
  • Rowan M, Lee D, Pi-Anfruns J, Shiffler P, Aghaloo T, Moy PK. Mechanical versus biological stability of immediate and delayed implant placement using resonance frequency analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73:253-7.
  • Cakarer S, Selvi F, Can T, Kirli I, Palancioglu A, Keskin B, Yaltirik M, Keskin C. Investigation of the risk factors associated with the survival rate of dental implants. Implant Dent. 2014;23:328-33.
  • Schwartz-Arad D, Laviv A, Levin L. Survival of immediately provisionalized dental implants placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets. J Periodontol. 2007;78:219-23.
  • Malo P, Friberg B, Polizzi G, Gualini F, Vighagen T, Rangert B. Immediate and early function of Branemark System implants placed in the esthetic zone: A 1-year prospective clinical multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5 (Suppl 1):37-46.
  • Perry J, Lenchewski E. Clinical performance and 5-year retrospective evaluation of Frialit-2 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:887-91.
  • Polizzi G, Grunder U, Goene R, Hatano N, Henry P, Jackson WJ, Kawamura K, Renouard F, Rosenberg R, Triplett G, Werbitt M, Lithner B. Immediate and delayed implant placement into extraction sockets: A 5-year report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2:93-9.
  • Gotfredsen K. A 5-year prospective study of single-tooth replacements supported by the Astra Tech implant: A pilot study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2004;6:1-8.
  • Schropp L, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A, Isidor F. Clinical and radiographic performance of delayed-immediate single-tooth implant placement associated with peri-implant bone defects. A 2-year prospective, controlled, randomized follow-up report. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:480-7.
  • Penarrocha-Diago M, Demarchi CL, Maestre-Ferrin L, Carrillo C, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha- Diago MA. A retrospective comparison of 1,022 implants: Immediate versus nonimmediate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:421-7.
  • Annibali S, Bignozzi I, Iacovazzi L, La Monaca G, Cristalli MP. Immediate, early, and late implant placement in first-molar sites: A retrospective case series. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26:1108-22.
  • Covani U, Bortolaia C, Barone A, Sbordone L. Bucco-lingual crestal bone changes after immediate and delayed implant placement. J Periodontol. 2004;75:1605-12.
  • Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z. Comparative study of buccal dehiscence defects in immediate, delayed, and late maxillary implant placement with collagen membranes: Clinical healing between placement and second-stage surgery. J Periodontol. 2002;73:754-61.
  • Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z, Moses O, Gelernter I. Healing of marginal defects at implants placed in fresh extraction sockets or after 4-6 weeks of healing. A comparative study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:410-9.
  • Moses O, Pitaru S, Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE. Healing of dehiscence-type defects in implants placed together with different barrier membranes: A comparative clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16:210-9.
  • Chen ST, Darby IB, Adams GG, Reynolds EC. A prospective clinical study of bone augmentation techniques at immediate implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16:176-84.
  • Vanden Bogaerde L, Rangert B, Wendelhag I. Immediate/early function of Branemark System TiUnite implants in fresh extraction sockets in maxillae and posterior mandibles: An 18-month prospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005;7 (Suppl 1):121-30.
  • Zitzmann NU, Naef R, Scharer P. Resorbable versus nonresorbable membranes in combination with Bio-Oss for guided bone regeneration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:844-52.
  • Becker W, Dahlin C, Becker BE, Lekholm U, van Steenberghe D, Higuchi K, Kultje C. The use of e-PTFE barrier membranes for bone promotion around titanium implants placed into extraction sockets: A prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:31-40. Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z, Moses O. Rotated palatal flap in immediate implant procedures. Clinical evaluation of 26 consecutive cases. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:83-90.
  • Covani U, Cornelini R, Barone A. Bucco-lingual bone remodeling around implants placed into immediate extraction sockets: A case series. J Periodontol. 2003;74:268-73. Becker W, Dahlin C, Lekholm U, Bergstrom C, van Steenberghe D, Higuchi K, Becker BE. Five- year evaluation of implants placed at extraction and with dehiscences and fenestration defects augmented with ePTFE membranes: Results from a prospective multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 1999;1:27-32.
  • Gomez-Roman G, Kruppenbacher M, Weber H, Schulte W. Immediate postextraction implant placement with root-analog stepped implants: Surgical procedure and statistical outcome after 6 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:503-13.
  • Hammerle CH, Lang NP. Single stage surgery combining transmucosal implant placement with guided bone regeneration and bioresorbable materials. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001;12:9- Schwartz-Arad D, Gulayev N, Chaushu G. Immediate versus non-immediate implantation for full-arch fixed reconstruction following extraction of all residual teeth: A retrospective comparative study. J Periodontol. 2000;71:923-8.
  • Grunder U. Stability of the mucosal topography around single-tooth implants and adjacent teeth: 1-year results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2000;20:11-7.
  • Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada J. Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: 1-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:31-9. Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z. Split palatal flap. I. A surgical approach for primary soft tissue healing in ridge augmentation procedures: Technique and clinical results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999;19:175-81.
  • Edel A. The use of a connective tissue graft for closure over an immediate implant covered with occlusive membrane. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1995;6:60-5. Cornelini R, Cangini F, Covani U, Wilson TG Jr. Immediate restoration of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets for single-tooth replacement: A prospective clinical study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005;25:439-47.
  • Evans CD, Chen ST. Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placements. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19:73-80. Branemark PI. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50:399-410.
  • Schropp L, Isidor F, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Interproximal papilla levels following early versus delayed placement of single-tooth implants: A controlled clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20:753-61.
  • Gehrke SA, da Silva Neto UT, Del Fabbro M. Does implant design affect implant primary stability? A resonance frequency analysis-based randomized split-mouth clinical trial. J Oral Implantol. 2015; 41:281-6
  • Schropp L, Isidor F, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Patient experience of, and satisfaction with, delayed-immediate vs. delayed single-tooth implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15:498-503.
  • Gibbard LL, Zarb G. A 5-year prospective study of implant-supported single-tooth replacements. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68:110-6.
  • Hartlev J, Kohberg P, Ahlmann S, Andersen NT, Schou S, Isidor F. Patient satisfaction and esthetic outcome after immediate placement and provisionalization of single-tooth implants involving a definitive individual abutment. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1245-50.
  • Kennedy K, Chacon G, McGlumphy E, Johnston W, Yilmaz B, Kennedy P. Evaluation of patient experience and satisfaction with immediately loaded metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete prosthesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:1191-8.
  • Schropp L, Isidor F. Clinical outcome and patient satisfaction following full-flap elevation for early and delayed placement of single-tooth implants: A 5-year randomized study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008;23:733-43.

Evaluation of Different Placement Times of Dental Implant Treatment: Immediate, Early and Late Applications

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1427 - 1440, 01.04.2013

Öz

In the recent years, immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets and early implant placement after the soft tissue healing have been commonly practiced. These techniques have several advantages and disadvantages compared to the late implant procedure. The aim of this review is to evaluate the clinical outcomes for the different times of implant placement following tooth extraction. Few controlled clinical trials of different implantation protocols have been compared. The survival rates of these three protocols were similar and approximately 95%. It should be discussed whether the immediate implant procedure prevents alveolar bone resorption. If the distance between the implant surface and the extraction socket wall is narrow, spontaneous healing may occur and the need for augmentation is not a certain determination. Although sufficient data is not available about the esthetic outcome of immediate and early implant procedures, patient satisfaction can be achieved esthetically and functionally with these treatment approaches

Kaynakça

  • Branemark PI. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50:399-410.
  • Koh RU, Rudek I, Wang HL. Immediate implant placement: Positives and negatives. Implant Dent. 2010;19:98-108.
  • Soydan SS, Cubuk S, Oguz Y, Uckan S. Are success and survival rates of early implant placement higher than immediate implant placement? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42:511-5. Schropp L, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Bone healing following immediate versus delayed placement of titanium implants into extraction sockets: A prospective clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:189-99.
  • Schropp L, Isidor F. Timing of implant placement relative to tooth extraction. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(Suppl 1):33-43.
  • Wilson TG, Weber HP. Classification of and therapy for areas of deficient bony housing prior to dental implant placement. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1993;13:451-9.
  • Nir-Hadar O, Palmer M, Soskolne WA. Delayed immediate implants: Alveolar bone changes during the healing period. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998;9:26-33.
  • Zitzmann NU, Scharer P, Marinello CP. Factors influencing the success of GBR. Smoking, timing of implant placement, implant location, bone quality and provisional restoration. J Clin Periodontol. 1999;26:673-82.
  • Mayfield LJA. Immediate, delayed and late submerged and transmucosal implants. In: Lang NP, Karring T, Lindhe J, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd European workshop on periodontology: Implant dentistry. Berlin, Quintessenz Verlags- GmbH, 1999; p.520-34.
  • Hammerle CH, Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of implants in extraction sockets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:26-8.
  • Funato A, Salama MA, Ishikawa T, Garber DA, Salama H. Timing, positioning, and sequential staging in esthetic implant therapy: A four- dimensional perspective. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2007;27:313-23.
  • den Hartog L, Slater JJ, Vissink A, Meijer HJ, Raghoebar GM. Treatment outcome of immediate, early and conventional single-tooth implants in the aesthetic zone: A systematic review to survival, bone level, soft-tissue, aesthetics and patient satisfaction. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:1073- 86.
  • Watzek G, Haider R, Mensdorff-Pouilly N, Haas R. Immediate and delayed implantation for complete restoration of the jaw following extraction of all residual teeth: A retrospective study comparing different types of serial immediate implantation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:561-7.
  • Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr, Hammerle CH. Immediate or early placement of implants following tooth extraction: Review of biologic basis, clinical procedures, and outcomes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:12-25.
  • Werbitt MJ, Goldberg PV. The immediate implant: Bone preservation and bone regeneration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1992;12:206-17. Chen ST, Beagle J, Jensen SS, Chiapasco M, Darby I. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding surgical techniques. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24 Suppl:272-8.
  • Bhola M, Neely AL, Kolhatkar S. Immediate implant placement: Clinical decisions, advantages, and disadvantages. J Prosthodont. 2008;17:576-81. Lang NP, Pun L, Lau KY, Li KY, Wong MC. A systematic review on survival and success rates of implants placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets after at least 1 year. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23 (Suppl 5):39-66.
  • Evian CI, Rosenberg ES, Coslet JG, Corn H. The osteogenic activity of bone removed from healing extraction sockets in humans. J Periodontol. 1982;53:81-5.
  • Chen ST, Buser D. Clinical and esthetic outcomes of implants placed in postextraction sites. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24 Suppl:186- 217.
  • Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D. Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the Branemark system. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1992;3:104-11. Truhlar RS, Morris HF, Ochi S. Implant surface coating and bone quality-related survival outcomes through 36 months post-placement of root-form endosseous dental implants. Ann Periodontol. 2000;5:109-18. Manz MC. Factors associated with radiographic vertical bone loss around implants placed in a clinical study. Ann Periodontol. 2000;5:137-51.
  • Aglietta M, Siciliano VI, Rasperini G, Cafiero C, Lang NP, Salvi GE. A 10-year retrospective analysis of marginal bone-level changes around implants in periodontally healthy and periodontally compromised tobacco smokers. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22:47-53. Bornstein MM, Cionca N, Mombelli A. Systemic conditions and treatments as risks for implant therapy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24 Suppl:12-27.
  • Lambert PM, Morris HF, Ochi S. Positive effect of surgical experience with implants on second- stage implant survival. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;55 (12 Suppl 5):12-8.
  • Albrektsson T, Branemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:155-70. Eriksson RA, Albrektsson T. The effect of heat on bone regeneration: An experimental study in the rabbit using the bone growth chamber. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984;42:705-11.
  • Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1986;1:11-25. Iacono VJ. Dental implants in periodontal therapy. J Periodontol. 2000;71:1934-42.
  • Arlin ML. Survival and success of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched and titanium plasma- sprayed implants: A retrospective study. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:821.
  • Yukna RA. Clinical comparison of hydroxyapatite- coated titanium dental implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites. J Periodontol. 1991;62:468-72.
  • Cranin AN, Heimke G, Gelbman J, Simons A, Klein M, Sirakian A. Clinical trials with a polycrystalline alumina dental implant. J Oral Implantol. 1993;19:221-7. Jo HY, Hobo PK, Hobo S. Freestanding and multiunit immediate loading of the expandable implant: An up-to-40-month prospective survival study. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85:148-55.
  • Degidi M, Piattelli A, Gehrke P, Felice P, Carinci F. Five-year outcome of 111 immediate nonfunctional single restorations. J Oral Implantol. 2006;32:277-85.
  • Degidi M, Piattelli A, Carinci F. Immediate loaded dental implants: Comparison between fixtures inserted in postextractive and healed bone sites. J Craniofac Surg. 2007;18:965-71.
  • Penarrocha-Oltra D, Demarchi CL, Maestre-Ferrin L, Penarrocha-Diago M, Penarrocha-Diago M. Comparison of immediate and delayed implants in the maxillary molar region: A retrospective study of 123 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:604-10.
  • Penarrocha-Diago MA, Maestre-Ferrin L, Demarchi CL, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha-Diago M. Immediate versus nonimmediate placement of implants for full-arch fixed restorations: A preliminary study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:154-9.
  • Pellicer-Chover H, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Bagan L, Fichy-Fernandez AJ, Canullo L, Penarrocha- Diago-M. Single-blind randomized clinical trial to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after one year of immediate versus delayed implant placement supporting full-arch prostheses. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014;19:295-301.
  • Rowan M, Lee D, Pi-Anfruns J, Shiffler P, Aghaloo T, Moy PK. Mechanical versus biological stability of immediate and delayed implant placement using resonance frequency analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73:253-7.
  • Cakarer S, Selvi F, Can T, Kirli I, Palancioglu A, Keskin B, Yaltirik M, Keskin C. Investigation of the risk factors associated with the survival rate of dental implants. Implant Dent. 2014;23:328-33.
  • Schwartz-Arad D, Laviv A, Levin L. Survival of immediately provisionalized dental implants placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets. J Periodontol. 2007;78:219-23.
  • Malo P, Friberg B, Polizzi G, Gualini F, Vighagen T, Rangert B. Immediate and early function of Branemark System implants placed in the esthetic zone: A 1-year prospective clinical multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5 (Suppl 1):37-46.
  • Perry J, Lenchewski E. Clinical performance and 5-year retrospective evaluation of Frialit-2 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:887-91.
  • Polizzi G, Grunder U, Goene R, Hatano N, Henry P, Jackson WJ, Kawamura K, Renouard F, Rosenberg R, Triplett G, Werbitt M, Lithner B. Immediate and delayed implant placement into extraction sockets: A 5-year report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2:93-9.
  • Gotfredsen K. A 5-year prospective study of single-tooth replacements supported by the Astra Tech implant: A pilot study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2004;6:1-8.
  • Schropp L, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A, Isidor F. Clinical and radiographic performance of delayed-immediate single-tooth implant placement associated with peri-implant bone defects. A 2-year prospective, controlled, randomized follow-up report. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:480-7.
  • Penarrocha-Diago M, Demarchi CL, Maestre-Ferrin L, Carrillo C, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha- Diago MA. A retrospective comparison of 1,022 implants: Immediate versus nonimmediate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:421-7.
  • Annibali S, Bignozzi I, Iacovazzi L, La Monaca G, Cristalli MP. Immediate, early, and late implant placement in first-molar sites: A retrospective case series. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26:1108-22.
  • Covani U, Bortolaia C, Barone A, Sbordone L. Bucco-lingual crestal bone changes after immediate and delayed implant placement. J Periodontol. 2004;75:1605-12.
  • Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z. Comparative study of buccal dehiscence defects in immediate, delayed, and late maxillary implant placement with collagen membranes: Clinical healing between placement and second-stage surgery. J Periodontol. 2002;73:754-61.
  • Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z, Moses O, Gelernter I. Healing of marginal defects at implants placed in fresh extraction sockets or after 4-6 weeks of healing. A comparative study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:410-9.
  • Moses O, Pitaru S, Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE. Healing of dehiscence-type defects in implants placed together with different barrier membranes: A comparative clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16:210-9.
  • Chen ST, Darby IB, Adams GG, Reynolds EC. A prospective clinical study of bone augmentation techniques at immediate implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16:176-84.
  • Vanden Bogaerde L, Rangert B, Wendelhag I. Immediate/early function of Branemark System TiUnite implants in fresh extraction sockets in maxillae and posterior mandibles: An 18-month prospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005;7 (Suppl 1):121-30.
  • Zitzmann NU, Naef R, Scharer P. Resorbable versus nonresorbable membranes in combination with Bio-Oss for guided bone regeneration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:844-52.
  • Becker W, Dahlin C, Becker BE, Lekholm U, van Steenberghe D, Higuchi K, Kultje C. The use of e-PTFE barrier membranes for bone promotion around titanium implants placed into extraction sockets: A prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:31-40. Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z, Moses O. Rotated palatal flap in immediate implant procedures. Clinical evaluation of 26 consecutive cases. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:83-90.
  • Covani U, Cornelini R, Barone A. Bucco-lingual bone remodeling around implants placed into immediate extraction sockets: A case series. J Periodontol. 2003;74:268-73. Becker W, Dahlin C, Lekholm U, Bergstrom C, van Steenberghe D, Higuchi K, Becker BE. Five- year evaluation of implants placed at extraction and with dehiscences and fenestration defects augmented with ePTFE membranes: Results from a prospective multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 1999;1:27-32.
  • Gomez-Roman G, Kruppenbacher M, Weber H, Schulte W. Immediate postextraction implant placement with root-analog stepped implants: Surgical procedure and statistical outcome after 6 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:503-13.
  • Hammerle CH, Lang NP. Single stage surgery combining transmucosal implant placement with guided bone regeneration and bioresorbable materials. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001;12:9- Schwartz-Arad D, Gulayev N, Chaushu G. Immediate versus non-immediate implantation for full-arch fixed reconstruction following extraction of all residual teeth: A retrospective comparative study. J Periodontol. 2000;71:923-8.
  • Grunder U. Stability of the mucosal topography around single-tooth implants and adjacent teeth: 1-year results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2000;20:11-7.
  • Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada J. Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: 1-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:31-9. Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z. Split palatal flap. I. A surgical approach for primary soft tissue healing in ridge augmentation procedures: Technique and clinical results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999;19:175-81.
  • Edel A. The use of a connective tissue graft for closure over an immediate implant covered with occlusive membrane. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1995;6:60-5. Cornelini R, Cangini F, Covani U, Wilson TG Jr. Immediate restoration of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets for single-tooth replacement: A prospective clinical study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005;25:439-47.
  • Evans CD, Chen ST. Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placements. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19:73-80. Branemark PI. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50:399-410.
  • Schropp L, Isidor F, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Interproximal papilla levels following early versus delayed placement of single-tooth implants: A controlled clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20:753-61.
  • Gehrke SA, da Silva Neto UT, Del Fabbro M. Does implant design affect implant primary stability? A resonance frequency analysis-based randomized split-mouth clinical trial. J Oral Implantol. 2015; 41:281-6
  • Schropp L, Isidor F, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Patient experience of, and satisfaction with, delayed-immediate vs. delayed single-tooth implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15:498-503.
  • Gibbard LL, Zarb G. A 5-year prospective study of implant-supported single-tooth replacements. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68:110-6.
  • Hartlev J, Kohberg P, Ahlmann S, Andersen NT, Schou S, Isidor F. Patient satisfaction and esthetic outcome after immediate placement and provisionalization of single-tooth implants involving a definitive individual abutment. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1245-50.
  • Kennedy K, Chacon G, McGlumphy E, Johnston W, Yilmaz B, Kennedy P. Evaluation of patient experience and satisfaction with immediately loaded metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete prosthesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:1191-8.
  • Schropp L, Isidor F. Clinical outcome and patient satisfaction following full-flap elevation for early and delayed placement of single-tooth implants: A 5-year randomized study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008;23:733-43.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Gökçen Altan Bu kişi benim

Ahu Uraz Bu kişi benim

Emel Ökte Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Altan G, Uraz A, Ökte E. Dental İmplant Tedavisinde Farklı Yerleştirme Zamanlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Hemen, Erken ve Geç Dönem Uygulamalar. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2013;7(1):1427-40.