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Current Concepts in Intraoral Porcelain Repair Methods

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 1192 - 1201, 01.07.2012

Öz

All-ceramic and porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations are widely used in prosthodontics to provide both aesthetics and function. However, fractures of the porcelain due to different factors negatively affect the success of the treatment. The service life of these restorations can be extended successfully by repairing methods so as to satisfy patients and clinicians. Repairs are made by intraoral and extraoral repairing systems when only the aesthetic material is fractured. The purpose of this literature review is to give information about the currently used repair systems. In addition, a case treated with an intraoral repairing system is presented at the end of the review

Kaynakça

  • Raposo LH., Neiva NA., da Silva G.R, Carlo H.L., da Mota A.S., do Prado C.J, Soares C.J. Ceramic restoration repair: Report of two cases. J. Appl. Oral Sci.17: 140-144, 2009.
  • Phoenix RD., Shen C. Characterization of treated porcelain surfaces via dynamic contact angle analysis. Int. J. Prosthodont. 8: 187-194, 1995.
  • Creugers NHC., Snoek PA., Kayser AF., An experimental porcelain repair system evaluated under controlled clinical conditions. J. Prosthet. Dent. 68: 724-727, 1992.
  • Çapa N., Özkurt N., Kazazoğlu E., Ağız içi Porselen Tamir Sistemleri, Atatürk Üni. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 16: 34-40, 2006.
  • Özcan M. Fracture reasons in ceramic-fused-to- metal restorations. J. Oral Rehabil. 30: 265-269, 2003.
  • Kimmich M., Stappert CF. Intraoral treatment of veneering porcelain chipping of fixed dental restorations: A review and clinical application. J. Am. Dent. Assoc.144: 31-44, 2013.
  • Hankinson JA., Cappetta EG. Five years clinical experience with a leucite-reinforced porcelain crown system. Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent. 14: 138-53, 1994.
  • Kelsey WP, Cavel T., Blankenau RJ, Barkmeier WW., Wilwerding TM., Latta MA. 4 year clinical study of castable ceramic crowns. Am. J. Dent. 8: 259-262, 1995.
  • Pjetursson BE., Sailer I., Zwalen M., Hammerle C.H. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic and metal- ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part I: single crowns. (published correction appears in Clin. Oral Impl. Res.19 (3): 326-28, 2008; Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 18 (Suppl 3): 73-85, 2007).
  • Oden A., Andersson M., Krystek-Ondracek I., Magnusson D. Five-year clinical evaluation of Procera All Ceram crowns. J. Prosthet. Dent. 80: 450-456, 1998.
  • Sailer I., Pjetursson BE., Zwahlen M., Hammerle CH. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic and metal- ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part II: Fixed dental prostheses (published correction appears in Clin. Oral. Impl. Res.: 19 (3): 326-28, 2008 Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 18 (Suppl 3): 86-96, 2007.
  • Heintze SD., Rousson V. Survival of zirconia- and-metal supported fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review. Int. J. Prosthodont. 23: 493- 502, 2010.
  • Beuer F., Stimmelmayr M., Gernet W., Edelhoff D., Güh J.F., Naumann M. Prospective study of zirconia-based restorations: 3-year clinical results. Quintessence Int. 41: 631-637, 2010.
  • Yavuzyılmaz H. Metal destekli estetik (veneer- kaplama) kronlar. Ankara: Gazi Üniv. Yayınları 1996, No.212.
  • O’Brien WJ. Dental materials and their selection 3rd ed. Quintessence Pub. Co, 2002.
  • Haselton DR, Diaz AM., Dunne JT. Shear bond strengths of 2 intraoral porcelain repair systems to porcelain or metal substrates. J. Prosthet. Dent. 86: 526-531, 2001.
  • Sailer I., Feher A., Filser F., Gaucker LJ, Luyhy H., Hammerle CH. Five-year clinical results of zirconia frameworks for posterior fixed partial dentures. Int. J. Prosthodont. 20: 383-388, 2007.
  • Tinschert J., Schulze KA., Natt G., Latzke P., Heussen N., Spiekermann H. Clinical behavior of zirconia based fixed partial dentures made of DC-Zirkon. 3-year results. Int. J. Prosthodont. 21: 217-222, 2008.
  • Uludamar A., Aygün S., Özkan YK. Zirkonya esaslı tam seramik restorayonlar. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. (Suppl 5): 132-141, 2012.
  • Tan JP, Sederstrom D., Polansky JR., McLaren EA., White S.N. The use of slow heating and slow cooling regimens to strengthen porcelain fused to zirconia. J. Prosthet. Dent. 107: 163- 169, 2012.
  • Tan K, Pjetursson BE., Lang NP, Chan ES. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 15: 654–66, 2004.
  • Hickel R., Brüshaver K., Ilie N. Repair of restorations--criteria for decision making and clinical recommendations. Dent. Mater. 29:28- 50, 2013.
  • Richter SK., Aquilino SA., Svare CW., Turner K.A. Change in marginal fit as related to margin design, alloy type and porcelain proximity in porcelain fused to metal restorations. J. Prosthet. Dent. 60: 435-43, 1988.
  • Gemalmaz D., Berksun S., Alkumru HN., Kasapoğlu C. Thermal cycling distortion of porcelain fused to metal fixed partial dentures. J. Prosthet. Dent. 80: 654-660, 1998.
  • Pameijer CH., Louw NP, Fischer D. Repairing fractured porcelain: How surface preparation affects shear force resistance. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 127: 203-209, 1996.
  • Bağış B., Ustaömer S., Lassila LVJ., Vallitu PK. Provisional repair of a zirconia fixed partial denture with fibre-reinforced restorative composite: A clinical report. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. 75: 133-37, 2009.
  • Moffa JP, Lugassy AA., Guckes AD., Gettleman L. An evaluation of nonprecious alloys for use with porcelain veneers, part II: Industrial safety and biocompatibility. J. Prosthet. Dent. 30: 434-441, 1973.
  • Suliman AHA., Swift EJ, Perdiago J. Effects of surface teratment and bonding agents in bond strength of composite resin to porcelain. J. Prosthet. Dent. 70: 118-120, 1993.
  • Roulet JF., Degrange M. Adhesion: The silent revolution in dentistry, 6th edn. Chicago: Quintessence; 2000, 81-92.
  • Matsumura H., Yanagida H., Tanoue N., Atsuta M., Shimoe S. Shear bond strength of resin composite veneering material to gold alloy with varying metal surface preparations. J. Prosthet. Dent. 86: 315-319, 2001.
  • Wolf DM., Power JM., O’Keefe KL. Bond strength of composite to porcelain treated with new porcelain repair agents. Dent. Mater. 8: 158- 161, 1992.
  • Özcan M., Vallittu PK. Effect of surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of luting cement to ceramics. Dent. Mater. 19: 725- 731, 2003.
  • Özcan M., Niedermier W. Clinical study on the reasons for and location of failures of metal ceramic restorations and survival of repairs. Int. J. Prosthodont. 15: 299-302, 2002.
  • Tylka DF., Stewart G.P. Comparion of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel and hydrofluoric acid etchants for porcelain composite repair. J. Prosthet. Dent. 72: 121-127, 1994.
  • Shen C., Oh W., Williams JR. Effect of post silanization drying on the bond strength of composite to ceramic. J. Prosthet. Dent. 91: 453- 458, 2004.
  • Kupiec KA., Wuertz KM., Barkmeier WW., Wilwerding TM. Evaluating of porcelain surface treatments and agents for composite to porcelain repair. J. Prosthet. Dent. 76: 119-124, 1996.
  • Kern M., Barloi A., Yang B. Surface conditioning influences zirconia ceramic bonding. J. Dent. Res. 88: 817-822, 2009.
  • Albakry M., Guazzato M., Swain M.V. Effect of sandblasting, grinding, polishing and glazing on the flexural strength of two pressable all-ceramic dental materials. J. Dent. 32: 91-99, 2004.
  • Attia A., Kern M. Effect of cleaning methods after reduced pressure air abrasion on bonding to zirconia ceramic. J. Adhes. Dent. 13: 561-567, 2011.
  • Yang B., Barloi A., Kern M. Influence of air abrasion on zirconia ceramic bonding using an adhesive composite resin. Dent. Mater. 26: 44- 50, 2010.
  • Saraç Ş., Saraç D., Külünk T., Kurt M., Porselen tamirinde kullanılan bir kompozitin kesme dayancı üzerinde farklı ışık kaynağı ve yüzey işlemlerinin etkisi. Gazi Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 22: 31-36, 2005.
  • Kümbüloğlu Ö., User A., Toksavul S., Aksoy S. Porselen restorasyonların tamirinde kullanılan farklı ağıziçi tamir materyallerinin çeşitli yüzey preparasyonları uygulanarak kırılma dirençlerinin invitro olarak karşılaştırılması. İ.Ü. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 41, 2007.
  • Abd Wahab MH., Bakar WZ., Husein A. Different surface preparation techniques of porcelain repaired with composite resin and fracture resistance. J. Conserv. Dent. 14: 387– 390, 2011.
  • Şen D., Nayır E., Yüzey hazırlığının porselen tamir materyallerinin bağlantı kuvveti üzerine etkisi, İ.Ü. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 31: 69-75, 1997.
  • Denehy G., Bouschlicher M., Vargos M. Intraoral repair of cosmetic restorations. Dental Clin. North Am. 42: 719-737, 1998.
  • Guinn JW., Griswold WH., Verlilyea SG. The effect of cooling rate on the apperent bond strength of porcelain metal couples. J. Prosthet. Dent. 48: 551-554, 1982.
  • Doaz AM., Schneider RL., Aquilino SA. Bond strengths of intraoral porcelain repair materials. J. Prosthet. Dent. 61: 305-309, 1989.
  • Quinn F., McConnell R.J. Porcelain laminates. A review. Br. Dent. J. 161: 61-65, 1986.
  • Margeas RC. Salvaging a porcelain fused to metal bridge with intraoral ceramic repair. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent. 23: 952-956, 2002.
  • Tarrozo LSA., Mattos MGC., Ribeiro R.F., Semprini M. Comparison of retentive systems for composites used as alternatives to porcelain in fixed partial dentures. J. Prosthet. Dent. 89: 572- 578, 2003.
  • Blatz MB., Sadan A., Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: A review of the literature. J. Prosthet. Dent. 89: 268-274, 2003.
  • Kern M., Thompson VP. Bonding to glass infiltrated alumina ceramic: Adhesive methods and their durability. J. Prosthet. Dent. 73: 240- 249, 1995.
  • Uo M., Sjögren G., Sundh A., Goto M., Watari F., Bergman M. Effect of surface condition of dental zirconia ceramic (Denzir) on bonding. Dent. Mater. J. 25: 626-631, 2006.
  • Antoniadou M., Kern M., Strub J.R. Effect of a new metal primer on the bond strength between a resin cement and two high-noble alloys. J. Prosthet. Dent. 84: 554-560, 2000.
  • Knight JS., Sneed WD., Wilson MC. Strengths of composite bonded to base metal alloy using dentin bonding systems. J. Prosthet. Dent. 84: 149-153, 2000.
  • El Zohairy AA., De Gee AJ, Hassan FM., Feilzer F.M., Feilzer A.J. The effect of adhesives with various degrees of hydrophilicity on resin ceramic bond durability. Dent. Mater. 20: 778-787, 2004.
  • Kim BK., Bae HE., Shim JS., Lee KW. The influence of ceramic surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of composite resin to all-ceramic coping materials. J. Prosthet. Dent. 95: 357-62, 2005.
  • Demirel F., Muhtaroğullari M., Yüksel G., Cekiç C. Microleakage study of 3 porcelain repair materials by autoradiography. Quintessence Int.

Ağız-İçi Porselen Tamir Yöntemlerinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 1192 - 1201, 01.07.2012

Öz

Tam ve metal destekli porselen restorasyonlar, estetik ve fonksiyonu sağlamak amacıyla protetik tedavide sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak farklı nedenlerden dolayı porselende meydana gelen kırıklar restorasyonların başarısını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu restorasyonlar hasta ve hekimi memnun edecek şekilde tamir edilerek kullanım süreleri uzatılabilmektedir. Sadece estetik materyalin kırıldığı restorasyonlarda tamir işlemleri, ağız içi ve ağız dışı tamir yöntemleriyle yapılmaktadır. Bu literatür derlemesinin amacı, günümüzde uygulanan ağız içi porselen tamir yöntemleri ile ilgili bilgi vermektir. Buna ek olarak, ağız içi porselen tamir sistemi ile tedavi edilmiş bir vaka derleme sonrasında sunulmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Raposo LH., Neiva NA., da Silva G.R, Carlo H.L., da Mota A.S., do Prado C.J, Soares C.J. Ceramic restoration repair: Report of two cases. J. Appl. Oral Sci.17: 140-144, 2009.
  • Phoenix RD., Shen C. Characterization of treated porcelain surfaces via dynamic contact angle analysis. Int. J. Prosthodont. 8: 187-194, 1995.
  • Creugers NHC., Snoek PA., Kayser AF., An experimental porcelain repair system evaluated under controlled clinical conditions. J. Prosthet. Dent. 68: 724-727, 1992.
  • Çapa N., Özkurt N., Kazazoğlu E., Ağız içi Porselen Tamir Sistemleri, Atatürk Üni. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 16: 34-40, 2006.
  • Özcan M. Fracture reasons in ceramic-fused-to- metal restorations. J. Oral Rehabil. 30: 265-269, 2003.
  • Kimmich M., Stappert CF. Intraoral treatment of veneering porcelain chipping of fixed dental restorations: A review and clinical application. J. Am. Dent. Assoc.144: 31-44, 2013.
  • Hankinson JA., Cappetta EG. Five years clinical experience with a leucite-reinforced porcelain crown system. Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent. 14: 138-53, 1994.
  • Kelsey WP, Cavel T., Blankenau RJ, Barkmeier WW., Wilwerding TM., Latta MA. 4 year clinical study of castable ceramic crowns. Am. J. Dent. 8: 259-262, 1995.
  • Pjetursson BE., Sailer I., Zwalen M., Hammerle C.H. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic and metal- ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part I: single crowns. (published correction appears in Clin. Oral Impl. Res.19 (3): 326-28, 2008; Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 18 (Suppl 3): 73-85, 2007).
  • Oden A., Andersson M., Krystek-Ondracek I., Magnusson D. Five-year clinical evaluation of Procera All Ceram crowns. J. Prosthet. Dent. 80: 450-456, 1998.
  • Sailer I., Pjetursson BE., Zwahlen M., Hammerle CH. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic and metal- ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part II: Fixed dental prostheses (published correction appears in Clin. Oral. Impl. Res.: 19 (3): 326-28, 2008 Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 18 (Suppl 3): 86-96, 2007.
  • Heintze SD., Rousson V. Survival of zirconia- and-metal supported fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review. Int. J. Prosthodont. 23: 493- 502, 2010.
  • Beuer F., Stimmelmayr M., Gernet W., Edelhoff D., Güh J.F., Naumann M. Prospective study of zirconia-based restorations: 3-year clinical results. Quintessence Int. 41: 631-637, 2010.
  • Yavuzyılmaz H. Metal destekli estetik (veneer- kaplama) kronlar. Ankara: Gazi Üniv. Yayınları 1996, No.212.
  • O’Brien WJ. Dental materials and their selection 3rd ed. Quintessence Pub. Co, 2002.
  • Haselton DR, Diaz AM., Dunne JT. Shear bond strengths of 2 intraoral porcelain repair systems to porcelain or metal substrates. J. Prosthet. Dent. 86: 526-531, 2001.
  • Sailer I., Feher A., Filser F., Gaucker LJ, Luyhy H., Hammerle CH. Five-year clinical results of zirconia frameworks for posterior fixed partial dentures. Int. J. Prosthodont. 20: 383-388, 2007.
  • Tinschert J., Schulze KA., Natt G., Latzke P., Heussen N., Spiekermann H. Clinical behavior of zirconia based fixed partial dentures made of DC-Zirkon. 3-year results. Int. J. Prosthodont. 21: 217-222, 2008.
  • Uludamar A., Aygün S., Özkan YK. Zirkonya esaslı tam seramik restorayonlar. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. (Suppl 5): 132-141, 2012.
  • Tan JP, Sederstrom D., Polansky JR., McLaren EA., White S.N. The use of slow heating and slow cooling regimens to strengthen porcelain fused to zirconia. J. Prosthet. Dent. 107: 163- 169, 2012.
  • Tan K, Pjetursson BE., Lang NP, Chan ES. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 15: 654–66, 2004.
  • Hickel R., Brüshaver K., Ilie N. Repair of restorations--criteria for decision making and clinical recommendations. Dent. Mater. 29:28- 50, 2013.
  • Richter SK., Aquilino SA., Svare CW., Turner K.A. Change in marginal fit as related to margin design, alloy type and porcelain proximity in porcelain fused to metal restorations. J. Prosthet. Dent. 60: 435-43, 1988.
  • Gemalmaz D., Berksun S., Alkumru HN., Kasapoğlu C. Thermal cycling distortion of porcelain fused to metal fixed partial dentures. J. Prosthet. Dent. 80: 654-660, 1998.
  • Pameijer CH., Louw NP, Fischer D. Repairing fractured porcelain: How surface preparation affects shear force resistance. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 127: 203-209, 1996.
  • Bağış B., Ustaömer S., Lassila LVJ., Vallitu PK. Provisional repair of a zirconia fixed partial denture with fibre-reinforced restorative composite: A clinical report. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. 75: 133-37, 2009.
  • Moffa JP, Lugassy AA., Guckes AD., Gettleman L. An evaluation of nonprecious alloys for use with porcelain veneers, part II: Industrial safety and biocompatibility. J. Prosthet. Dent. 30: 434-441, 1973.
  • Suliman AHA., Swift EJ, Perdiago J. Effects of surface teratment and bonding agents in bond strength of composite resin to porcelain. J. Prosthet. Dent. 70: 118-120, 1993.
  • Roulet JF., Degrange M. Adhesion: The silent revolution in dentistry, 6th edn. Chicago: Quintessence; 2000, 81-92.
  • Matsumura H., Yanagida H., Tanoue N., Atsuta M., Shimoe S. Shear bond strength of resin composite veneering material to gold alloy with varying metal surface preparations. J. Prosthet. Dent. 86: 315-319, 2001.
  • Wolf DM., Power JM., O’Keefe KL. Bond strength of composite to porcelain treated with new porcelain repair agents. Dent. Mater. 8: 158- 161, 1992.
  • Özcan M., Vallittu PK. Effect of surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of luting cement to ceramics. Dent. Mater. 19: 725- 731, 2003.
  • Özcan M., Niedermier W. Clinical study on the reasons for and location of failures of metal ceramic restorations and survival of repairs. Int. J. Prosthodont. 15: 299-302, 2002.
  • Tylka DF., Stewart G.P. Comparion of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel and hydrofluoric acid etchants for porcelain composite repair. J. Prosthet. Dent. 72: 121-127, 1994.
  • Shen C., Oh W., Williams JR. Effect of post silanization drying on the bond strength of composite to ceramic. J. Prosthet. Dent. 91: 453- 458, 2004.
  • Kupiec KA., Wuertz KM., Barkmeier WW., Wilwerding TM. Evaluating of porcelain surface treatments and agents for composite to porcelain repair. J. Prosthet. Dent. 76: 119-124, 1996.
  • Kern M., Barloi A., Yang B. Surface conditioning influences zirconia ceramic bonding. J. Dent. Res. 88: 817-822, 2009.
  • Albakry M., Guazzato M., Swain M.V. Effect of sandblasting, grinding, polishing and glazing on the flexural strength of two pressable all-ceramic dental materials. J. Dent. 32: 91-99, 2004.
  • Attia A., Kern M. Effect of cleaning methods after reduced pressure air abrasion on bonding to zirconia ceramic. J. Adhes. Dent. 13: 561-567, 2011.
  • Yang B., Barloi A., Kern M. Influence of air abrasion on zirconia ceramic bonding using an adhesive composite resin. Dent. Mater. 26: 44- 50, 2010.
  • Saraç Ş., Saraç D., Külünk T., Kurt M., Porselen tamirinde kullanılan bir kompozitin kesme dayancı üzerinde farklı ışık kaynağı ve yüzey işlemlerinin etkisi. Gazi Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 22: 31-36, 2005.
  • Kümbüloğlu Ö., User A., Toksavul S., Aksoy S. Porselen restorasyonların tamirinde kullanılan farklı ağıziçi tamir materyallerinin çeşitli yüzey preparasyonları uygulanarak kırılma dirençlerinin invitro olarak karşılaştırılması. İ.Ü. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 41, 2007.
  • Abd Wahab MH., Bakar WZ., Husein A. Different surface preparation techniques of porcelain repaired with composite resin and fracture resistance. J. Conserv. Dent. 14: 387– 390, 2011.
  • Şen D., Nayır E., Yüzey hazırlığının porselen tamir materyallerinin bağlantı kuvveti üzerine etkisi, İ.Ü. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 31: 69-75, 1997.
  • Denehy G., Bouschlicher M., Vargos M. Intraoral repair of cosmetic restorations. Dental Clin. North Am. 42: 719-737, 1998.
  • Guinn JW., Griswold WH., Verlilyea SG. The effect of cooling rate on the apperent bond strength of porcelain metal couples. J. Prosthet. Dent. 48: 551-554, 1982.
  • Doaz AM., Schneider RL., Aquilino SA. Bond strengths of intraoral porcelain repair materials. J. Prosthet. Dent. 61: 305-309, 1989.
  • Quinn F., McConnell R.J. Porcelain laminates. A review. Br. Dent. J. 161: 61-65, 1986.
  • Margeas RC. Salvaging a porcelain fused to metal bridge with intraoral ceramic repair. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent. 23: 952-956, 2002.
  • Tarrozo LSA., Mattos MGC., Ribeiro R.F., Semprini M. Comparison of retentive systems for composites used as alternatives to porcelain in fixed partial dentures. J. Prosthet. Dent. 89: 572- 578, 2003.
  • Blatz MB., Sadan A., Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: A review of the literature. J. Prosthet. Dent. 89: 268-274, 2003.
  • Kern M., Thompson VP. Bonding to glass infiltrated alumina ceramic: Adhesive methods and their durability. J. Prosthet. Dent. 73: 240- 249, 1995.
  • Uo M., Sjögren G., Sundh A., Goto M., Watari F., Bergman M. Effect of surface condition of dental zirconia ceramic (Denzir) on bonding. Dent. Mater. J. 25: 626-631, 2006.
  • Antoniadou M., Kern M., Strub J.R. Effect of a new metal primer on the bond strength between a resin cement and two high-noble alloys. J. Prosthet. Dent. 84: 554-560, 2000.
  • Knight JS., Sneed WD., Wilson MC. Strengths of composite bonded to base metal alloy using dentin bonding systems. J. Prosthet. Dent. 84: 149-153, 2000.
  • El Zohairy AA., De Gee AJ, Hassan FM., Feilzer F.M., Feilzer A.J. The effect of adhesives with various degrees of hydrophilicity on resin ceramic bond durability. Dent. Mater. 20: 778-787, 2004.
  • Kim BK., Bae HE., Shim JS., Lee KW. The influence of ceramic surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of composite resin to all-ceramic coping materials. J. Prosthet. Dent. 95: 357-62, 2005.
  • Demirel F., Muhtaroğullari M., Yüksel G., Cekiç C. Microleakage study of 3 porcelain repair materials by autoradiography. Quintessence Int.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Case Report
Yazarlar

Anıl Gerçek Bu kişi benim

Neşet Volkan Asar Bu kişi benim

Bilge Turhan Bal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Gerçek A, Asar NV, Bal BT. Ağız-İçi Porselen Tamir Yöntemlerinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2012;6(2):1192-201.