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Principles and Novel Clinical Applications of Computed Tomography

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 481 - 489, 01.01.2010

Öz

Computed tomography CT plays an important role in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Computed tomography is superior to conventional radiography in the evaluation of maxillofacial region. The image quality has improved significantly in the more recent CT scanners enabling excellent depiction of the complex anatomy of the maxillofacial region. In CT scanning there is satisfactory images of facial planes, muscles, bone and soft tissue in this area. In the recent years, Cone Beam Computed Tomography CBCT has become one of the important diagnostic technologies especially in the maxillofacial area. Understanding of the basic physical principles in image acquisition and data processing of this technology is very important issue for clinical use of CT

Kaynakça

  • Kaya T. : Temel Radyoloji Tekniği. Güneş-Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, 1997.
  • Matteson S.R., Deahl S.T., Alder M.E., NummIkos- kI P.V.: Advanced Imaging Methods, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med., 7(4):346-395, 1996.
  • Brooks S.L.: Computed Tomography, Dental Clinics of North America, 37: 575-590, 1993.
  • Schwarz M.S., Rothman S.L.G., Chafetz N., Rho- des M.: Computed Tomography in Dental Implan- tation Surgery, Dental Clinics of North America, 33:555-597, 1989.
  • Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukoviç P: Clinical app- lications of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc 72(1):75–80, 2006.
  • Samur S.: Dişhekimliğinde Cone Beam Bilgisayarlı Tomografi, ADO Klinik Blimleri dergisi, 3(2):346- 351, 2009.
  • Ceydeli N: Radyolojik Görüntüleme Tekniği, Merit Medikal Teknolojler LTD, 2000.
  • Çetiner S., Vural M., Öztürk M., Yücetaş Ş., Alas- ya D., Araç M., Işık S.: Odontojenik Kist Olgula- rına Yaklaşımda Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ve Dental Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Yazılım Programının (Den- tascan) Önemi (Bir Olgu Nedeniyle). A.Ü.Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 23:233-235. 1996.
  • Oyar O.: Radyolojide Temel Fizik Kavramlar, No- bel Tıp Kitapevleri, 1998.
  • Rho J.Y., Hobatho M.C., Ashman R.B.: Relations of Mechanical Properties to Density and CT Numbers in Human Bone. Med. Eng. Phy. 17(5): 347-355, 1995.
  • Zimmermann C. E., Harris G., Thurmuller P., Trou- lis M. J., Perrott B. R., Kaban L. B.: Assessment of Bone Formation in a Porcine Mandibular Distracti- on Wound by Computed Tomography. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 33:569-574, 2004.
  • İplikçioğlu H., Akça K., Çehreli MC: The use of computerized tomography for diagnosis and treat- ment planning in implant dentistry. J Oral Implan- tol 28: 29, 2002.
  • Reiskin AB: Implant imaging status, controversies and new developments. Dent Clin North Amer 42: 47, 1998.
  • Hendee W. R., RItenour E. R.: Medical Imaging Physics. St. Louis, Mosby Year Book, 1992.
  • Çelik İ., Toraman M., Mıhçıoğlu T., Ceritoğlu D.: Dental implant planlamasında kullanılan radyog- rafik yöntemlerin değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinik- leri J Dental Sci , 13;21-28, 2007.
  • Besimo C, Lambrecht JT, Nidecker A: Dental implant treatment planning with reformatted computed to- mography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 24: 264, 1995.
  • Guerrero ME, Jacobs R, Loubele M, Schutyser F, Su- etens van Steenberghe D: State-of-the-art on cone beam CT imaging for preoperative planning of imp- lant placement. Clin Oral Invest 10: 1:1-7, 2006.
  • Scarfe W.C., Farman A.G. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: White S.C., Pharoah M.J. Oral Radi- ology: Principles and Interpretation. Mosby, 225- 243, 2009,.
  • Carter L., Farman A.G., Geist J., Scarfe W.C., An- gelopoulos C., Nair M.K., Hildebolt C.F., Tyndall D., Shrout M.: American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology executive opinion state- ment on performing and interpreting diagnostic cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 106(4):561- 2, 2008.
  • Cohnen M, Kemper J, Mobes O, Pawelzik J, Mod- der U. Radiation dose in dental radiology. Eur Ra- diol, 12(3):634–7, 2002.
  • Schulze D, Heiland M, Thurmann H, Adam G: Ra- diation exposure during midfacial imaging using 4- and 16-slice computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography systems and conventional radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33:83, 2004.
  • Scaf G, Lurie AG, Mosier KM, Kantor ML, Ramsby GR, Freedman ML.Dosimetry and cost of imaging osseointegrated implants with film-based and com- puted tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pat- hol Oral Radiol Endod, 83(1):41–8, 1997.
  • Dula K, Mini R, van der Stelt PF, Lambrecht JT, Sch- neeberger P, Buser D. Hypothetical mortality risk associated with spiral computed tomography of the maxilla and mandible. Eur J Oral Sci, 104(5- 6):503–10, 1996.
  • Ngan DC, Kharbanda OP, Geenty JP, Darendeliler MA. Comparison of radiation levels from compu- ted tomography and conventional dental radiog- raphs. Aust Orthod J,19(2):67–75, 2003.
  • Heiland M, Schulze D, Rother U, Schmelzle R. Pos- toperative imaging of zygomaticomaxillary comp- lex fractures using digital volume tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62(11):1387–91, 2004.
  • Mah JK, Danforth RA, Bumann A, Hatcher D. Ra- diation absorbed in maxillofacial imaging with a new dental computed tomography device. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 96(4):508–13, 2003.
  • Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL. Dosi- metry of two extraoral direct digital imaging de- vices: NewTom cone beam CT and Orthophos Plus DS panoramic unit. Dentomaxillofac Radiol; 32(4):229–34, 2003.
  • Sukovic P: Cone beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging. Orthod Craniofac Res 6: 31, 2003.
  • Baumrind S, Carlson S, Beers A, Curry S, Norris K, Boyd RL: Using three-dimensional imaging to assess treatment outcomes in orthodontics: a prog- ress report from the University of the Pacific. Ort- hod Cranifac Res 6: 132, 2003.
  • Abrahams Jj., OlIverIo Pj.: Odontogenic Cyst: Imp- roved Imaging with A Dental Ct Software Program. Ajnr, 14:367-374, 1993.
  • Bodner L., Bar-ZIv J., Kaffe I.: Ct of Cystic Jaw Le- sions. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 18:22-25, 1994.
  • Osorio F, Perilla M, Doyle DJ, Palomo JM.: Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An Innovative Tool for Airway Assessment, Int Anes Res Soc, 106; 6:18031807, 2008.
  • Honda K, Matumoto K, Kashima M, Takano Y, Kawashima S, Arai Y: Single air contrast arthrog- raphy for temporomandibular joint disorder using limited cone beam computed tomography for den- tal use. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33:271, 2004
  • Honda K, Arai Y, Kashima M, Takano Y, Sawada K, Ejima K, Iwai K: Evaluation of the usefulness of the limited cone-beam CT (3DX) in the assessment of the thickness of the root of the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint. Dentomaxillofac Ra- diol 33: 391, 2004.
  • Ziegler CM, Woertche R, Brief J, Hassfeld S: Cli- nical indications for digital volume tomography in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 31:126, 2002.
  • Swennen GRJ, Momaerts MY, Abeloos J, De Cler- cq C, Laoral P, Neyt N, et all.: A cone-beam CT based technique to augment the 3D virtual skull model with a detailed ental surface. Int J. Oral and Maxillofacial Surg. 38: 48-57, 2009.
  • Sato S, Arai Y, Shinoda K, Ito K: Clinical appli- cation of a new cone-beam computerized tomog- raphy system to assess multiple two-dimensional images fort he preoperative treatment planning of maxillary implants: case reports. Quint Int 35:525, 2004
  • Hatcher DC, Dial C, Mayorga C: Cone beam CT for presurgical assessment of implant sites. J Calif Dent Assoc 31:825, 2003.
  • Almog DM, LaMar J, LaMar FR, LaMar F: Cone- beam computerized tomography-beased dental imaging for implant planning and surgical guidan- ce, part 1: single implant in the mandibular molar region. J Oral Implantol 32:77, 2006.
  • Aranyarachkul P, Caruso J, Gantes B, Schulz E, Riggs M, Dus I, et al: Bone density assessments of dental implant sites: 2. Quantitative cone-beam computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Imp 20: 416-24, 2005.
  • Winter AA, Pollack AS, Frommer HH, Koenig L: Cone beam volumetric tomography vs. medical CT scanners. N Y State Dent J 71:28, 2005.
  • Hashimoto K, Kawashima S, Araki M, Iwai K, Ku- nihiko S, Akiyama Y: Comparison of image perfor- mance between cone-beam computed tomography for dental use and four-row multidetector helical CT. J Oral Sci 48:27, 2006.
  • KIng J.m., CaldanellI D.d., PetasnIck P. Dentascan:A New Diagnostic Method for Evaluating Mandibular And Maxillar Pathology. Laryngoscope, 102:379- 387, 1992.
  • Bodner L., Kaffe I., Littner M., Cohen J. : Extraction Site Healing in Rats, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pat- hol , 75:367-72, 1993.
  • Lindh C., Petersson A., KLINGE B., Nilsson M.: Trabecular Bone Volume and Mineral Density in the Mandible. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 26:101- 106,1997.
  • Cohen M.A., Mendelsohn D.B..: CT and MR Ima- ging of Myxofibroma of the Jaws. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 14:281-285, 1990.
  • Kurabayashi T., IDA M., SASAKI T.: Differenti- al Diagnosis of Submandibular Cystic Lesions by Computed Tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol , 20:30-34, 1991.
  • Santamaria J., Garcia A.M., Vicente J.C., Landa S., Lopez-Arranz J.S.: Bone Regeneration After Radicular Cyst Removal with and without Guided Bone Regeneration. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 27:118-120, 1998.
  • Gültekin S, Araç M, Çelik M, Karaosmaolu AD, Işık S: Mandibulanın lingual vasküler kanallarının den- tal BT ile değerlendirilmesi. Tanısal ve Girişimsel Radyoloji 9:188-191, 2003.
  • Reddy MS, Mayfield-Donahoo T, Jeffcoat MK: A semiautomated computer-assisted metdhod for measuring bone loss adjacent to dental implants. Clin Oral Imp Res 3: 28;1992.
  • Akdeniz G, Oksan T, Kovanlıkaya I, Genç I: Evalu- ation of bone height and bone density by compu- ted tomography and panoramic radiography for implant recipient sites. J Oral Implantol 26:114, 2000.
  • Angelopoulos C., Thomas S.L., Hechler S., Parissis N., Hlavacek M.: Comparison Between Digital Pa- noramic Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for the Identification of the Mandibu- lar Canal as Part of Presurgical Dental Implant As- sessment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(10):2130–5, 2008.
  • Kattan B, Snyder HS. Lingual artery hematoma re- sulting in upper airway obstruction. J Emerg Med 9:421-424, 1991.
  • Laboda G. Life-threatening hemorrhage after pla- cement of an endoosseous implant: report of a case. J Am Dent Assoc 121:599-600, 1990.
  • Mason ME, Triplett RG, Alfonso WF. Life-threate- ning hemorrhage from placement of a dental imp- lant. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48:201-204, 1990.
  • Chase CR, Hebert JC, Farnham JE. Posttraumatic upper airway obstruction secondary to a lingual artery hematoma. J Trauma 27:953-954, 1987.
  • Teper G, Hofschneider UB, Gahleitner A. Com- puted tomographic diagnosis and localization of bone canals in the mandibular interforaminal re- gion for preventing bleeding complications during implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 16:68-72, 2001.
  • Hofschneider UB, Teper G, Gahleitner A.: Assess- ment of the blood supply to the mental region for reduction of bleeding complications during imp- lant surgery in the interforaminal region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 14:379-383, 1999.
  • Gahleitner A, Hofschneider UB, Tepper G.: Lingual vascular canals of the mandible: Evaluation with dental CT. Radiology, 220:186-189, 2001.
  • Madrigal C., Ortega R., Meniz C., Quiles J.L: Study of Available Bone for Interforaminal Implant Treat- ment Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.13(5):307–312, 2008.
  • De Vos W., Casselman J, Swennen GRJ.: Cone- beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: A systematic eview of the literature, Int J Oral and Maxfac Surg, 38;609-625, 2009.
  • Çetiner S.: Bilgisayarlı Tomografinin Oral ve Mak- sillofasiyal Cerrahideki Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg. 10(2):73–8, 2000.
  • Heiland M., Pohlenz P., Blessmann M., Werle H., Fraederich M., Schmelzle R., Blake F.A.: Naviga- ted Implantation After Microsurgical Bone Transfer Using Intraoperatively Acquired Cone-Beam Com- puted Tomography Data Sets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 37(1):70–5, 2008.
  • Eggers G., Senoo H., Kane G., Mühling J.: The Ac- curacy of Image Guided Surgery Based on Cone Beam Computer Tomography Image Data. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 107(3):41–8, 2009.
  • Pohlenz P., Blessmann M., Blake F., Heinrich S., Schmelzle R., Heiland M.: Clinical Indications and Perspectives for Intraoperative Cone-Beam Com- puted Tomography in Oral and Maxillofacial Sur- gery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 103(3):412–7, 2007.

Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Prensipleri ve Uygulamadaki Yenilikler

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 481 - 489, 01.01.2010

Öz

Bilgisayarlı tomografi BT , oral ve maksillofasiyal cerrahide çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Maksillofasiyal bölgenin değerlendirilmesinde, geleneksel radyografilere oranla birçok avantaja sahiptir. Geliştirilen BT cihazları, kompleks maksillofasiyal bölge anatomisinin, yumuşak ve sert dokuların ayrıntılı şekilde görüntülemesine imkan vermektedir. Son yıllarda, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi KIBT , medikal BT’lere alternatif olarak özellikle maksillofasiyal bölgede önemli bir tanısal görüntüleme teknolojisi olarak öne çıkmıştır. Klinik kullanımı için, BT teknolojinin görüntü elde etme ve veri işleme ile ilgili basit fizik prensiplerini bilmek önemli bir konudur

Kaynakça

  • Kaya T. : Temel Radyoloji Tekniği. Güneş-Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, 1997.
  • Matteson S.R., Deahl S.T., Alder M.E., NummIkos- kI P.V.: Advanced Imaging Methods, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med., 7(4):346-395, 1996.
  • Brooks S.L.: Computed Tomography, Dental Clinics of North America, 37: 575-590, 1993.
  • Schwarz M.S., Rothman S.L.G., Chafetz N., Rho- des M.: Computed Tomography in Dental Implan- tation Surgery, Dental Clinics of North America, 33:555-597, 1989.
  • Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukoviç P: Clinical app- lications of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc 72(1):75–80, 2006.
  • Samur S.: Dişhekimliğinde Cone Beam Bilgisayarlı Tomografi, ADO Klinik Blimleri dergisi, 3(2):346- 351, 2009.
  • Ceydeli N: Radyolojik Görüntüleme Tekniği, Merit Medikal Teknolojler LTD, 2000.
  • Çetiner S., Vural M., Öztürk M., Yücetaş Ş., Alas- ya D., Araç M., Işık S.: Odontojenik Kist Olgula- rına Yaklaşımda Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ve Dental Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Yazılım Programının (Den- tascan) Önemi (Bir Olgu Nedeniyle). A.Ü.Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 23:233-235. 1996.
  • Oyar O.: Radyolojide Temel Fizik Kavramlar, No- bel Tıp Kitapevleri, 1998.
  • Rho J.Y., Hobatho M.C., Ashman R.B.: Relations of Mechanical Properties to Density and CT Numbers in Human Bone. Med. Eng. Phy. 17(5): 347-355, 1995.
  • Zimmermann C. E., Harris G., Thurmuller P., Trou- lis M. J., Perrott B. R., Kaban L. B.: Assessment of Bone Formation in a Porcine Mandibular Distracti- on Wound by Computed Tomography. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 33:569-574, 2004.
  • İplikçioğlu H., Akça K., Çehreli MC: The use of computerized tomography for diagnosis and treat- ment planning in implant dentistry. J Oral Implan- tol 28: 29, 2002.
  • Reiskin AB: Implant imaging status, controversies and new developments. Dent Clin North Amer 42: 47, 1998.
  • Hendee W. R., RItenour E. R.: Medical Imaging Physics. St. Louis, Mosby Year Book, 1992.
  • Çelik İ., Toraman M., Mıhçıoğlu T., Ceritoğlu D.: Dental implant planlamasında kullanılan radyog- rafik yöntemlerin değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinik- leri J Dental Sci , 13;21-28, 2007.
  • Besimo C, Lambrecht JT, Nidecker A: Dental implant treatment planning with reformatted computed to- mography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 24: 264, 1995.
  • Guerrero ME, Jacobs R, Loubele M, Schutyser F, Su- etens van Steenberghe D: State-of-the-art on cone beam CT imaging for preoperative planning of imp- lant placement. Clin Oral Invest 10: 1:1-7, 2006.
  • Scarfe W.C., Farman A.G. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: White S.C., Pharoah M.J. Oral Radi- ology: Principles and Interpretation. Mosby, 225- 243, 2009,.
  • Carter L., Farman A.G., Geist J., Scarfe W.C., An- gelopoulos C., Nair M.K., Hildebolt C.F., Tyndall D., Shrout M.: American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology executive opinion state- ment on performing and interpreting diagnostic cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 106(4):561- 2, 2008.
  • Cohnen M, Kemper J, Mobes O, Pawelzik J, Mod- der U. Radiation dose in dental radiology. Eur Ra- diol, 12(3):634–7, 2002.
  • Schulze D, Heiland M, Thurmann H, Adam G: Ra- diation exposure during midfacial imaging using 4- and 16-slice computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography systems and conventional radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33:83, 2004.
  • Scaf G, Lurie AG, Mosier KM, Kantor ML, Ramsby GR, Freedman ML.Dosimetry and cost of imaging osseointegrated implants with film-based and com- puted tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pat- hol Oral Radiol Endod, 83(1):41–8, 1997.
  • Dula K, Mini R, van der Stelt PF, Lambrecht JT, Sch- neeberger P, Buser D. Hypothetical mortality risk associated with spiral computed tomography of the maxilla and mandible. Eur J Oral Sci, 104(5- 6):503–10, 1996.
  • Ngan DC, Kharbanda OP, Geenty JP, Darendeliler MA. Comparison of radiation levels from compu- ted tomography and conventional dental radiog- raphs. Aust Orthod J,19(2):67–75, 2003.
  • Heiland M, Schulze D, Rother U, Schmelzle R. Pos- toperative imaging of zygomaticomaxillary comp- lex fractures using digital volume tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62(11):1387–91, 2004.
  • Mah JK, Danforth RA, Bumann A, Hatcher D. Ra- diation absorbed in maxillofacial imaging with a new dental computed tomography device. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 96(4):508–13, 2003.
  • Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL. Dosi- metry of two extraoral direct digital imaging de- vices: NewTom cone beam CT and Orthophos Plus DS panoramic unit. Dentomaxillofac Radiol; 32(4):229–34, 2003.
  • Sukovic P: Cone beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging. Orthod Craniofac Res 6: 31, 2003.
  • Baumrind S, Carlson S, Beers A, Curry S, Norris K, Boyd RL: Using three-dimensional imaging to assess treatment outcomes in orthodontics: a prog- ress report from the University of the Pacific. Ort- hod Cranifac Res 6: 132, 2003.
  • Abrahams Jj., OlIverIo Pj.: Odontogenic Cyst: Imp- roved Imaging with A Dental Ct Software Program. Ajnr, 14:367-374, 1993.
  • Bodner L., Bar-ZIv J., Kaffe I.: Ct of Cystic Jaw Le- sions. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 18:22-25, 1994.
  • Osorio F, Perilla M, Doyle DJ, Palomo JM.: Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An Innovative Tool for Airway Assessment, Int Anes Res Soc, 106; 6:18031807, 2008.
  • Honda K, Matumoto K, Kashima M, Takano Y, Kawashima S, Arai Y: Single air contrast arthrog- raphy for temporomandibular joint disorder using limited cone beam computed tomography for den- tal use. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33:271, 2004
  • Honda K, Arai Y, Kashima M, Takano Y, Sawada K, Ejima K, Iwai K: Evaluation of the usefulness of the limited cone-beam CT (3DX) in the assessment of the thickness of the root of the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint. Dentomaxillofac Ra- diol 33: 391, 2004.
  • Ziegler CM, Woertche R, Brief J, Hassfeld S: Cli- nical indications for digital volume tomography in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 31:126, 2002.
  • Swennen GRJ, Momaerts MY, Abeloos J, De Cler- cq C, Laoral P, Neyt N, et all.: A cone-beam CT based technique to augment the 3D virtual skull model with a detailed ental surface. Int J. Oral and Maxillofacial Surg. 38: 48-57, 2009.
  • Sato S, Arai Y, Shinoda K, Ito K: Clinical appli- cation of a new cone-beam computerized tomog- raphy system to assess multiple two-dimensional images fort he preoperative treatment planning of maxillary implants: case reports. Quint Int 35:525, 2004
  • Hatcher DC, Dial C, Mayorga C: Cone beam CT for presurgical assessment of implant sites. J Calif Dent Assoc 31:825, 2003.
  • Almog DM, LaMar J, LaMar FR, LaMar F: Cone- beam computerized tomography-beased dental imaging for implant planning and surgical guidan- ce, part 1: single implant in the mandibular molar region. J Oral Implantol 32:77, 2006.
  • Aranyarachkul P, Caruso J, Gantes B, Schulz E, Riggs M, Dus I, et al: Bone density assessments of dental implant sites: 2. Quantitative cone-beam computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Imp 20: 416-24, 2005.
  • Winter AA, Pollack AS, Frommer HH, Koenig L: Cone beam volumetric tomography vs. medical CT scanners. N Y State Dent J 71:28, 2005.
  • Hashimoto K, Kawashima S, Araki M, Iwai K, Ku- nihiko S, Akiyama Y: Comparison of image perfor- mance between cone-beam computed tomography for dental use and four-row multidetector helical CT. J Oral Sci 48:27, 2006.
  • KIng J.m., CaldanellI D.d., PetasnIck P. Dentascan:A New Diagnostic Method for Evaluating Mandibular And Maxillar Pathology. Laryngoscope, 102:379- 387, 1992.
  • Bodner L., Kaffe I., Littner M., Cohen J. : Extraction Site Healing in Rats, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pat- hol , 75:367-72, 1993.
  • Lindh C., Petersson A., KLINGE B., Nilsson M.: Trabecular Bone Volume and Mineral Density in the Mandible. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 26:101- 106,1997.
  • Cohen M.A., Mendelsohn D.B..: CT and MR Ima- ging of Myxofibroma of the Jaws. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 14:281-285, 1990.
  • Kurabayashi T., IDA M., SASAKI T.: Differenti- al Diagnosis of Submandibular Cystic Lesions by Computed Tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol , 20:30-34, 1991.
  • Santamaria J., Garcia A.M., Vicente J.C., Landa S., Lopez-Arranz J.S.: Bone Regeneration After Radicular Cyst Removal with and without Guided Bone Regeneration. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 27:118-120, 1998.
  • Gültekin S, Araç M, Çelik M, Karaosmaolu AD, Işık S: Mandibulanın lingual vasküler kanallarının den- tal BT ile değerlendirilmesi. Tanısal ve Girişimsel Radyoloji 9:188-191, 2003.
  • Reddy MS, Mayfield-Donahoo T, Jeffcoat MK: A semiautomated computer-assisted metdhod for measuring bone loss adjacent to dental implants. Clin Oral Imp Res 3: 28;1992.
  • Akdeniz G, Oksan T, Kovanlıkaya I, Genç I: Evalu- ation of bone height and bone density by compu- ted tomography and panoramic radiography for implant recipient sites. J Oral Implantol 26:114, 2000.
  • Angelopoulos C., Thomas S.L., Hechler S., Parissis N., Hlavacek M.: Comparison Between Digital Pa- noramic Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for the Identification of the Mandibu- lar Canal as Part of Presurgical Dental Implant As- sessment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(10):2130–5, 2008.
  • Kattan B, Snyder HS. Lingual artery hematoma re- sulting in upper airway obstruction. J Emerg Med 9:421-424, 1991.
  • Laboda G. Life-threatening hemorrhage after pla- cement of an endoosseous implant: report of a case. J Am Dent Assoc 121:599-600, 1990.
  • Mason ME, Triplett RG, Alfonso WF. Life-threate- ning hemorrhage from placement of a dental imp- lant. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48:201-204, 1990.
  • Chase CR, Hebert JC, Farnham JE. Posttraumatic upper airway obstruction secondary to a lingual artery hematoma. J Trauma 27:953-954, 1987.
  • Teper G, Hofschneider UB, Gahleitner A. Com- puted tomographic diagnosis and localization of bone canals in the mandibular interforaminal re- gion for preventing bleeding complications during implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 16:68-72, 2001.
  • Hofschneider UB, Teper G, Gahleitner A.: Assess- ment of the blood supply to the mental region for reduction of bleeding complications during imp- lant surgery in the interforaminal region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 14:379-383, 1999.
  • Gahleitner A, Hofschneider UB, Tepper G.: Lingual vascular canals of the mandible: Evaluation with dental CT. Radiology, 220:186-189, 2001.
  • Madrigal C., Ortega R., Meniz C., Quiles J.L: Study of Available Bone for Interforaminal Implant Treat- ment Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.13(5):307–312, 2008.
  • De Vos W., Casselman J, Swennen GRJ.: Cone- beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: A systematic eview of the literature, Int J Oral and Maxfac Surg, 38;609-625, 2009.
  • Çetiner S.: Bilgisayarlı Tomografinin Oral ve Mak- sillofasiyal Cerrahideki Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg. 10(2):73–8, 2000.
  • Heiland M., Pohlenz P., Blessmann M., Werle H., Fraederich M., Schmelzle R., Blake F.A.: Naviga- ted Implantation After Microsurgical Bone Transfer Using Intraoperatively Acquired Cone-Beam Com- puted Tomography Data Sets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 37(1):70–5, 2008.
  • Eggers G., Senoo H., Kane G., Mühling J.: The Ac- curacy of Image Guided Surgery Based on Cone Beam Computer Tomography Image Data. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 107(3):41–8, 2009.
  • Pohlenz P., Blessmann M., Blake F., Heinrich S., Schmelzle R., Heiland M.: Clinical Indications and Perspectives for Intraoperative Cone-Beam Com- puted Tomography in Oral and Maxillofacial Sur- gery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 103(3):412–7, 2007.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Sevil A Kahraman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Kahraman SA. Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Prensipleri ve Uygulamadaki Yenilikler. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2010;3(4):481-9.