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Rezin Matriks Seramiklere Uygulanan Yüzey İşlemlerinin Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 346 - 353, 19.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1098545

Öz

Günümüz diş hekimliği uygulamalarında en sık tercih edilen restorasyon materyali tam seramiklerdir. CAD/CAM uygulamalarındaki gelişmelerle birlikte materyal çeşitliliği ve kullanım alanları genişleyen tam seramik sistemler metal destekli seramikler için alternatif oluşturmaktadır. Rezin matriks seramikler direkt ve indirekt restorasyonlarda sık tercih edilen iki materyalin avantajlarını bir araya getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Seramik ve kompozitin olumlu özelliklerini bir araya getiren bu materyaller kolay işlenebilirlik, iyi marjinal uyum, yüksek mekanik direnç ve tamir edilebilirlik gibi avantajlara sahiptir. Tüm restorasyonlarda olduğu gibi tam seramiklerde de başarılı bir restorasyon için başarılı bir bağlanma gereklidir. Rezin matriks seramiklerde adeziv bağlanma önerilmektedir. Adeziv bağlanmanın başarısı uygulama yapan hekimin bilgi ve becerisine, izolasyon koşullarına, doğru materyal seçimine ve simantasyon öncesi gerekli yüzey hazırlıklarının yapılmış olmasına bağlıdır. Başarılı adeziv bağlantı için simantasyon öncesinde uygulanan yüzey hazırlıkları bağlanma dayanımı değerlerini oldukça arttırmaktadır. Bu yüzey işlemleri; mekanik, kimyasal veya hem mekanik hem kimyasal olabilmektedir ve materyal içeriğine uygun olarak seçilmelidir. Rezin matriks seramikler için simantasyon öncesinde yüzey işlemi ve silan uygulaması önerilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sevmez H. Hibrit seramik ve zirkonya katkılı lityum silikat seramik yüzeyine uygulanan yüzey işlemlerinin seramik ve siman arasındaki bağlantı dayanımına etkisinin incelenmesi [Doktora Tezi]: Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara; 2019.
  • 2. Coldea A, Swain MV, Thiel N. Mechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials. Dental Materials Journal 2013;29(4):419-26.
  • 3. Dirxen C, Blunck U, Preissner S. Clinical performance of a new biomimetic double network material. The open dentistry journal 2013;7:118.
  • 4. Külünk Ş, Külünk T, Kavut I, Saraç D, Kunt GE. Fracture strength of surface treated zirconia based multilayer CAD/CAM ceramic crowns. Turkiye Klinikleri Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi 2017;23(3):174-83.
  • 5. Üstün Ö, Özarslan M, Büyükkaplan U. Restoratif materyallerin direncini ölçen mekanik testler ve klinik etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri Prosthodontics-Special Topics 2017;3(3):224-28.
  • 6. Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's restorative dental materials-e-book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
  • 7. Gracis S, Thompson VP, Ferencz JL, Silva NR, Bonfante EA. A new classification system for all-ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials. International Journal of prosthodontics 2015;28(3).
  • 8. Guess PC, Schultheis S, Bonfante EA, et al. All-ceramic systems: laboratory and clinical performance. Dent Clin North Am 2011;55(2):333-52, ix.
  • 9. Jongsma L, Kleverlaan C, Feilzer A. Clinical success and survival of indirect resin composite crowns: results of a 3-year prospective study. Dental Materials 2012;28(9):952-60.
  • 10. Spitznagel FA, Horvath SD, Guess PC, Blatz MB. Resin bond to indirect composite and new ceramic/polymer materials: a review of the literature. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry 2014;26(6):382-93.
  • 11. Akarca EM. Çeşitli Yüzey İşlemleri Uygulanan Rezin Matriks Seramiklerin Rezin Siman Kullanılarak Dişe Bağlantılarının In-Vıtro Olarak İncelenmesi [Doktora Tezi]: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara; 2019.
  • 12. Mihali S, Bortun C, Bratu E. Nano-ceramic particle reinforced composite-Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM restorative. Rev Chim 2013;64(4):435-7.
  • 13. Lauvahutanon S, Takahashi, H., Shiozawa, M., Iwasaki, N., Asakawa, Y., Oki, M., et al. Mechanical properties of composite resin blocks for CAD/CAM. Dent Mater J 2014;33(5):705-10.
  • 14. Reymus M, Roos M, Eichberger M, et al. Bonding to new CAD/CAM resin composites: influence of air abrasion and conditioning agents as pretreatment strategy. Clinical oral investigations 2019;23(2):529-38.
  • 15. Tinastepe N, Turkes E, Kazazoglu E. Comparative approach to analyse the effects of different surface treatments on CAD/CAM resin nanoceramics–resin composite repair bond strength. Biotechnology Biotechnological Equipment 2018;32(1):142-49.
  • 16. GcCerasmart Cerasmart Force Absorbing flexible nano ceramic CAD/CAM block. 2020. "https://www.gcamerica.com/products/digital/CERASMART/GCA_CERASMART_Bro-iPad.pdf". Accessed 20 Mart 2022.
  • 17. Güngör MB, Nemli SK, Bal BT, Ünver S, Doğan A. Effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials. J Adv Prosthodont 2016;8(4):259-66.
  • 18. Coldea A, Swain MV, Thiel N. In-vitro strength degradation of dental ceramics and novel PICN material by sharp indentation. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2013;26:34-42.
  • 19. Campos F, Almeida C, Rippe M, et al. Resin bonding to a hybrid ceramic: effects of surface treatments and aging. Operative dentistry 2016;41(2):171-78.
  • 20. Ruse ND, Sadoun MJ. Resin-composite blocks for dental CAD/CAM applications. J Dent Res 2014;93(12):1232-4.
  • 21. Şişmanoğlu S, Gürcan AT, Yıldırım-Bilmez Z, Turunç-Oğuzman R, Gümüştaş B. Effect of surface treatments and universal adhesive application on the microshear bond strength of CAD/CAM materials. J Adv Prosthodont 2020;12(1):22-32.
  • 22. SHOFU SHOFU Block HC · Disk HC. Shofu Block HC Broşür (online). 2022. "https://www.shofu.de/tr/produkt/shofu-block-hc-disk-hc-tr/". Accessed 20 Mart 2022.
  • 23. Borges GA, Sophr AM, de Goes MF, Sobrinho LC, Chan DC. Effect of etching and airborne particle abrasion on the microstructure of different dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(5):479-88.
  • 24. Dutra D, Pereira G, Kantorski K, et al. Grinding with diamond burs and hydrothermal aging of a Y-TZP material: effect on the material surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion. Operative dentistry 2017;42(6):669-78.
  • 25. Vargas MA, Bergeron C, Diaz-Arnold A. Cementing all-ceramic restorations: recommendations for success. The journal of the American dental association 2011;142:20S-24S.
  • 26. Dérand P, Dérand T. Bond strength of luting cements to zirconium oxide ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2000;13(2):131-5.
  • 27. Uludamar A, Akalin B, OZKAN YK. Zirkonyum esaslı tam seramik restorasyonlarda simantasyon öncesi yüzey hazırlıkları. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2011;14(2):140-53.
  • 28. Zogheib LV, Bona, A. D., Kimpara, E. T., McCabe, J. F. Effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the roughness and flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic. Braz Dent J 2011;22(1):45-50.
  • 29. Papia E, Larsson C, du Toit M, Vult von Steyern P. Bonding between oxide ceramics and adhesive cement systems: a systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014;102(2):395-413.
  • 30. Tian T, Tsoi JK, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF. Aspects of bonding between resin luting cements and glass ceramic materials. Dent Mater 2014;30(7):e147-62.
  • 31. Della Bona A, van Noort R. Ceramic surface preparations for resin bonding. Am J Dent 1998;11(6):276-80.
  • 32. Della Bona A, Anusavice KJ. Microstructure, composition, and etching topography of dental ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15(2):159-67.
  • 33. OĞUZ Eİ, ÇİÇEKCİ G. Influence of different repair protocols and artificial aging on bond strength of composite to a CAD/CAM polymer-infiltrated ceramic. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal;24(1):37-46.
  • 34. Tzanakakis EG, Tzoutzas IG, Koidis PT. Is there a potential for durable adhesion to zirconia restorations? A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2016;115(1):9-19.
  • 35. Moravej-Salehi E, Moravej-Salehi E, Valian A. Surface topography and bond strengths of feldspathic porcelain prepared using various sandblasting pressures. J Investig Clin Dent 2016;7(4):347-54.
  • 36. Blatz MB, Sadan A, Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: a review of the literature. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 2003;89(3):268-74.
  • 37. Yoshihara K, Nagaoka, Noriyuk.i, Maruo, Yukinori., Nishigawa, Goro., Irie, Masao., Yoshida, Yasuhiro., et al. Sandblasting may damage the surface of composite CAD–CAM blocks. Dental Materials 2017;33(3):e124-e35.
  • 38. Pradíes G, Godoy-Ruiz L, Özcan M, Moreno-Hay I, Martínez-Rus F. Analysis of Surface Roughness, Fracture Toughness, and Weibull Characteristics of Different Framework-Veneer Dental Ceramic Assemblies after Grinding, Polishing, and Glazing. J Prosthodont 2019;28(1):e216-e21.
  • 39. Chan C-M, Ko T-M, Hiraoka H. Polymer surface modification by plasmas and photons. Surface science reports 1996;24(1-2):1-54.
  • 40. Khan AA, Al Kheraif AA, Jamaluddin S, Elsharawy M, Divakar DD. Recent Trends in Surface Treatment Methods for Bonding Composite Cement to Zirconia: A Reveiw. J Adhes Dent 2017;19(1):7-19.
  • 41. Ural C, KalyoncuoĞlu E, Balkaya V. The effect of different power outputs of carbon dioxide laser on bonding between zirconia ceramic surface and resin cement. Acta Odontol Scand 2012;70(6):541-6.
  • 42. Çelik E, Şahin SC, Dede D. Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of indirect resin composite to resin matrix ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2019;11(4):223-31.
  • 43. Motevasselian F, Amiri Z, Chiniforush N, Mirzaei M, Thompson V. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Different Surface Treatments of a Hybrid Ceramic on the Microtensile Bond Strength to a Luting Resin Cement. J Lasers Med Sci 2019;10(4):297-303.
  • 44. Della Bona A, Donassollo TA, Demarco FF, Barrett AA, Mecholsky JJ, Jr. Characterization and surface treatment effects on topography of a glass-infiltrated alumina/zirconia-reinforced ceramic. Dent Mater 2007;23(6):769-75.
  • 45. Kumbuloglu O, Lassila LV, User A, Toksavul S, Vallittu PK. Shear bond strength of composite resin cements to lithium disilicate ceramics. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32(2):128-33.
  • 46. Schwenter J, Schmidli F, Weiger R, Fischer J. Adhesive bonding to polymer infiltrated ceramic. Dent Mater J 2016;35(5):796-802.
  • 47. Matinlinna JP, Lung CYK, Tsoi JKH. Silane adhesion mechanism in dental applications and surface treatments: A review. Dent Mater 2018;34(1):13-28.
  • 48. Matinlinna JP, Vallittu PK. Silane based concepts on bonding resin composite to metals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8(2):1-8.
  • 49. Heikkinen TT, Lassila LV, Matinlinna JP, Vallittu PK. Effect of operating air pressure on tribochemical silica-coating. Acta Odontol Scand 2007;65(4):241-8.
  • 50. Lung CY, Matinlinna JP. Aspects of silane coupling agents and surface conditioning in dentistry: an overview. Dent Mater 2012;28(5):467-77.

Effect of Surface Treatment Methods on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Matrix Ceramics

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 346 - 353, 19.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1098545

Öz

Today dentistry, all ceramic systems are the most commonly used restoration material. With the developments in CAD/CAM systems, the material variety and usage areas of all ceramics have expanded and is an alternative to metal-supported ceramics. Resin matrix ceramics aim to combine the advantages of two materials that are frequently preferred in direct and indirect restorations. These materials have advantages such as easy workability, good marginal fit, high mechanical resistance and repairability. Successful bonding is necessary for a successful restoration in all ceramics. Adhesive bonding is recommended for resin matrix ceramics. The success of the adhesive bonding depends on the knowledge and skills of the practicing clinician, the isolation conditions, the correct material selection, and the necessary surface preparations before cementation. Surface treatment applications increase the bond strength values considerably. These surface treatments could be mechanical, chemical or both mechanical and chemical. Surface treatment applications should be selected in accordance with the material content. Before cementation, surface treatment and silane application are recommended for resin matrix ceramics.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sevmez H. Hibrit seramik ve zirkonya katkılı lityum silikat seramik yüzeyine uygulanan yüzey işlemlerinin seramik ve siman arasındaki bağlantı dayanımına etkisinin incelenmesi [Doktora Tezi]: Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara; 2019.
  • 2. Coldea A, Swain MV, Thiel N. Mechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials. Dental Materials Journal 2013;29(4):419-26.
  • 3. Dirxen C, Blunck U, Preissner S. Clinical performance of a new biomimetic double network material. The open dentistry journal 2013;7:118.
  • 4. Külünk Ş, Külünk T, Kavut I, Saraç D, Kunt GE. Fracture strength of surface treated zirconia based multilayer CAD/CAM ceramic crowns. Turkiye Klinikleri Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi 2017;23(3):174-83.
  • 5. Üstün Ö, Özarslan M, Büyükkaplan U. Restoratif materyallerin direncini ölçen mekanik testler ve klinik etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri Prosthodontics-Special Topics 2017;3(3):224-28.
  • 6. Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's restorative dental materials-e-book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
  • 7. Gracis S, Thompson VP, Ferencz JL, Silva NR, Bonfante EA. A new classification system for all-ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials. International Journal of prosthodontics 2015;28(3).
  • 8. Guess PC, Schultheis S, Bonfante EA, et al. All-ceramic systems: laboratory and clinical performance. Dent Clin North Am 2011;55(2):333-52, ix.
  • 9. Jongsma L, Kleverlaan C, Feilzer A. Clinical success and survival of indirect resin composite crowns: results of a 3-year prospective study. Dental Materials 2012;28(9):952-60.
  • 10. Spitznagel FA, Horvath SD, Guess PC, Blatz MB. Resin bond to indirect composite and new ceramic/polymer materials: a review of the literature. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry 2014;26(6):382-93.
  • 11. Akarca EM. Çeşitli Yüzey İşlemleri Uygulanan Rezin Matriks Seramiklerin Rezin Siman Kullanılarak Dişe Bağlantılarının In-Vıtro Olarak İncelenmesi [Doktora Tezi]: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara; 2019.
  • 12. Mihali S, Bortun C, Bratu E. Nano-ceramic particle reinforced composite-Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM restorative. Rev Chim 2013;64(4):435-7.
  • 13. Lauvahutanon S, Takahashi, H., Shiozawa, M., Iwasaki, N., Asakawa, Y., Oki, M., et al. Mechanical properties of composite resin blocks for CAD/CAM. Dent Mater J 2014;33(5):705-10.
  • 14. Reymus M, Roos M, Eichberger M, et al. Bonding to new CAD/CAM resin composites: influence of air abrasion and conditioning agents as pretreatment strategy. Clinical oral investigations 2019;23(2):529-38.
  • 15. Tinastepe N, Turkes E, Kazazoglu E. Comparative approach to analyse the effects of different surface treatments on CAD/CAM resin nanoceramics–resin composite repair bond strength. Biotechnology Biotechnological Equipment 2018;32(1):142-49.
  • 16. GcCerasmart Cerasmart Force Absorbing flexible nano ceramic CAD/CAM block. 2020. "https://www.gcamerica.com/products/digital/CERASMART/GCA_CERASMART_Bro-iPad.pdf". Accessed 20 Mart 2022.
  • 17. Güngör MB, Nemli SK, Bal BT, Ünver S, Doğan A. Effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials. J Adv Prosthodont 2016;8(4):259-66.
  • 18. Coldea A, Swain MV, Thiel N. In-vitro strength degradation of dental ceramics and novel PICN material by sharp indentation. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2013;26:34-42.
  • 19. Campos F, Almeida C, Rippe M, et al. Resin bonding to a hybrid ceramic: effects of surface treatments and aging. Operative dentistry 2016;41(2):171-78.
  • 20. Ruse ND, Sadoun MJ. Resin-composite blocks for dental CAD/CAM applications. J Dent Res 2014;93(12):1232-4.
  • 21. Şişmanoğlu S, Gürcan AT, Yıldırım-Bilmez Z, Turunç-Oğuzman R, Gümüştaş B. Effect of surface treatments and universal adhesive application on the microshear bond strength of CAD/CAM materials. J Adv Prosthodont 2020;12(1):22-32.
  • 22. SHOFU SHOFU Block HC · Disk HC. Shofu Block HC Broşür (online). 2022. "https://www.shofu.de/tr/produkt/shofu-block-hc-disk-hc-tr/". Accessed 20 Mart 2022.
  • 23. Borges GA, Sophr AM, de Goes MF, Sobrinho LC, Chan DC. Effect of etching and airborne particle abrasion on the microstructure of different dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(5):479-88.
  • 24. Dutra D, Pereira G, Kantorski K, et al. Grinding with diamond burs and hydrothermal aging of a Y-TZP material: effect on the material surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion. Operative dentistry 2017;42(6):669-78.
  • 25. Vargas MA, Bergeron C, Diaz-Arnold A. Cementing all-ceramic restorations: recommendations for success. The journal of the American dental association 2011;142:20S-24S.
  • 26. Dérand P, Dérand T. Bond strength of luting cements to zirconium oxide ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2000;13(2):131-5.
  • 27. Uludamar A, Akalin B, OZKAN YK. Zirkonyum esaslı tam seramik restorasyonlarda simantasyon öncesi yüzey hazırlıkları. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2011;14(2):140-53.
  • 28. Zogheib LV, Bona, A. D., Kimpara, E. T., McCabe, J. F. Effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the roughness and flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic. Braz Dent J 2011;22(1):45-50.
  • 29. Papia E, Larsson C, du Toit M, Vult von Steyern P. Bonding between oxide ceramics and adhesive cement systems: a systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014;102(2):395-413.
  • 30. Tian T, Tsoi JK, Matinlinna JP, Burrow MF. Aspects of bonding between resin luting cements and glass ceramic materials. Dent Mater 2014;30(7):e147-62.
  • 31. Della Bona A, van Noort R. Ceramic surface preparations for resin bonding. Am J Dent 1998;11(6):276-80.
  • 32. Della Bona A, Anusavice KJ. Microstructure, composition, and etching topography of dental ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15(2):159-67.
  • 33. OĞUZ Eİ, ÇİÇEKCİ G. Influence of different repair protocols and artificial aging on bond strength of composite to a CAD/CAM polymer-infiltrated ceramic. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal;24(1):37-46.
  • 34. Tzanakakis EG, Tzoutzas IG, Koidis PT. Is there a potential for durable adhesion to zirconia restorations? A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2016;115(1):9-19.
  • 35. Moravej-Salehi E, Moravej-Salehi E, Valian A. Surface topography and bond strengths of feldspathic porcelain prepared using various sandblasting pressures. J Investig Clin Dent 2016;7(4):347-54.
  • 36. Blatz MB, Sadan A, Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: a review of the literature. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 2003;89(3):268-74.
  • 37. Yoshihara K, Nagaoka, Noriyuk.i, Maruo, Yukinori., Nishigawa, Goro., Irie, Masao., Yoshida, Yasuhiro., et al. Sandblasting may damage the surface of composite CAD–CAM blocks. Dental Materials 2017;33(3):e124-e35.
  • 38. Pradíes G, Godoy-Ruiz L, Özcan M, Moreno-Hay I, Martínez-Rus F. Analysis of Surface Roughness, Fracture Toughness, and Weibull Characteristics of Different Framework-Veneer Dental Ceramic Assemblies after Grinding, Polishing, and Glazing. J Prosthodont 2019;28(1):e216-e21.
  • 39. Chan C-M, Ko T-M, Hiraoka H. Polymer surface modification by plasmas and photons. Surface science reports 1996;24(1-2):1-54.
  • 40. Khan AA, Al Kheraif AA, Jamaluddin S, Elsharawy M, Divakar DD. Recent Trends in Surface Treatment Methods for Bonding Composite Cement to Zirconia: A Reveiw. J Adhes Dent 2017;19(1):7-19.
  • 41. Ural C, KalyoncuoĞlu E, Balkaya V. The effect of different power outputs of carbon dioxide laser on bonding between zirconia ceramic surface and resin cement. Acta Odontol Scand 2012;70(6):541-6.
  • 42. Çelik E, Şahin SC, Dede D. Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of indirect resin composite to resin matrix ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2019;11(4):223-31.
  • 43. Motevasselian F, Amiri Z, Chiniforush N, Mirzaei M, Thompson V. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Different Surface Treatments of a Hybrid Ceramic on the Microtensile Bond Strength to a Luting Resin Cement. J Lasers Med Sci 2019;10(4):297-303.
  • 44. Della Bona A, Donassollo TA, Demarco FF, Barrett AA, Mecholsky JJ, Jr. Characterization and surface treatment effects on topography of a glass-infiltrated alumina/zirconia-reinforced ceramic. Dent Mater 2007;23(6):769-75.
  • 45. Kumbuloglu O, Lassila LV, User A, Toksavul S, Vallittu PK. Shear bond strength of composite resin cements to lithium disilicate ceramics. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32(2):128-33.
  • 46. Schwenter J, Schmidli F, Weiger R, Fischer J. Adhesive bonding to polymer infiltrated ceramic. Dent Mater J 2016;35(5):796-802.
  • 47. Matinlinna JP, Lung CYK, Tsoi JKH. Silane adhesion mechanism in dental applications and surface treatments: A review. Dent Mater 2018;34(1):13-28.
  • 48. Matinlinna JP, Vallittu PK. Silane based concepts on bonding resin composite to metals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8(2):1-8.
  • 49. Heikkinen TT, Lassila LV, Matinlinna JP, Vallittu PK. Effect of operating air pressure on tribochemical silica-coating. Acta Odontol Scand 2007;65(4):241-8.
  • 50. Lung CY, Matinlinna JP. Aspects of silane coupling agents and surface conditioning in dentistry: an overview. Dent Mater 2012;28(5):467-77.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Gözde Yalçın Çetin 0000-0002-8730-7931

A.dilek Nalbant 0000-0002-0554-5208

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Yalçın Çetin G, Nalbant A. Rezin Matriks Seramiklere Uygulanan Yüzey İşlemlerinin Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkisi. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;11(3):346-53.