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Beklemede Olan İnsanlık: Türkiye ve Rusya'da Göç Yönetiminin Dönüşümü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 110 - 123, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.1803158

Öz

Bu makale, Türkiye ve Rusya'da göçün kimlik oluşumu ve devlet politikalarıyla iç içe geçmesini incelemektedir. Bu iki benzer siyasi yapı, tarihsel olarak aidiyet ve dışlanma anlatılarını harekete geçirerek ulusal imgelemlerini sınırlandırmıştır Konstrüktivist ve post-yapısalcı teorik çerçevelerden yararlanarak, bu çalışma göç söylemini, siyasi elitlerin ulusal üyelik sınırlarını ve ötekilik hiyerarşilerini sürekli olarak ifade ettikleri bir alan olarak kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Türkiye'de göçmenler “dini dayanışma” ve “misafirperverlik” söylemleri içinde konumlandırılırken, Rusya'da özellikle Orta Asya'dan gelen göçmenler hem vazgeçilmez ekonomik aktörler hem de kültürel olarak yabancı özneler olarak temsil edilmektedir. Bu stratejiler, her devletin kapsayıcılık ve ötekilik arasındaki karmaşık etkileşim yoluyla kimliği nasıl yönettiğini göstermektedir. Siyasi söylem, medya temsilleri ve yasal araçların karşılaştırmalı söylem analizini kullanan çalışma, her iki bağlamda da göç yönetiminin, demografik ve ekonomik boyutlarının ötesinde, egemenlik, meşruiyet ve ulus olma konularının sürekli olarak müzakere edildiği bir söylem alanı olarak işlediğini savunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak makale, göç anlatılarının devletlerin meşruiyetini güçlendiren araçlar haline geldiğini, ulusal kimliği dışlayıcı biçimde yeniden ürettiğini ve modern devletlerin küresel ölçekte aidiyet ile kimliği yeniden tanımladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Her ne kadar her iki ülkenin reelpolitiğinde göç ve sonuçlarına dair birçok başka parametre olsa da bu çalışma teorik çerçeve paralelinde sınırlanarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel sorusu, Türkiye ile Rusya’nın göç söylemlerini ulusal kimliği pekiştirmek, devlet otoritesini meşrulaştırmak ve aidiyet sınırlarını içerme ile dışlama dinamikleri üzerinden tanımlamak amacıyla nasıl kullandığını incelemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • BBC News Türkçe (2019, September 13). Erdoğan: Güvenli bölgeye mülteciler şehri yapalım. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-49613353.
  • Betts, A. (2009). Forced Migration and Global Politics. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Bodrunova, S. S., Koltsova, O., Koltcov, S., & Nikolenko, S. (2017). Who’s Bad? Attitudes Toward Resettlers From The Post‐Soviet South Versus Other Nations in the Russian Blogosphere. International Journal of Communication, (11), 3242–3264.
  • Bodrunova, S. S., & Smoliarova, A. (2022). Migrants as “objects of care”: Immigration coverage in Russian media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Media and Communication, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i2.5213.
  • Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Çağlar, T. (2018). Göç Çalışmaları İçin Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(8), 26–49.
  • Çoban, M. (2024). An Analysis of the Religious Solidarity Discourses Regarding the Syrian Refugees in Türkiye. Religions, 15(10), 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15101216.
  • Duvell, F. (2014). International Relations and Migration Management: The Case of Turkey. Insight Turkey, 16(1), 35–44. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26299336.
  • Ergüven, N. S., & Özturanlı, B. (2013). Uluslararası Mülteci Hukuku ve Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(4), 1007–1061. https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001733.
  • Euronews. (2019, July 9). Erdoğan: AB mülteci anlaşması ile ilgili verdiği sözü tutmadı. Euronews, https://tr.euronews.com/2019/07/09/erdogan-ab-multeci-anlasmasi-ile-ilgili-verdigi-sozu-tutmadi-balkanlar-zirve-bosna-hersek.
  • Feller, E., Türk, V., & Nicholson, F. (Eds.). (2003). Refugee Protection in International Law: UNHCR’s Global Consultations on International Protection. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gabdulhakov, R. (2016, October). Russian Media Discourses On Syrian Refugees in Europe and Central Asian Labour Migrants in Russia: Russia for Russians, Europe for …? (Central Asia Policy Briefs No. 42). OSCE Academy. https://osce-academy.net/upload/file/Brief42updated.pdf.
  • Goodwin-Gill, G. S., & McAdam, J. (2021). The Refugee in International Law (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Hasenclever, A., Mayer, P., & Rittberger, V. (1997). Theories of International Regimes. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hathaway, J. C. (2005). The Rights of Refugees Under International Law. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hazer, M. & Uyar, Y. (2022). Grasping the Migration Discourse: Case of Turkey, Fenerbahce University Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 329-348.
  • Heusala, A.-L., Aitamurto, K., & Eraliev, S. (Eds.) (2024). Global Migration and Illiberalism in Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. Helsinki University Press.
  • Human Rights Watch. (1991, March 11). Whatever happened to the Iraqi Kurds? Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm.
  • İçduygu, A., & Keyman, E. F. (2000). Globalization, Security, and Migration: The Case of Turkey. Global Governance, 6(3), 383–398. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27800270.
  • Kirişci, K., & Yıldız, A. (2023). Turkey’s Asylum Policies Over the Last Century: Continuity, Change and Contradictions. Turkish Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2023.2178306.
  • Loescher, G. (2001). The UNHCR and World Politics: A Perilous Path. Oxford University Press.
  • Loescher, G., Betts, A., & Milner, J. (2008). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): The Politics and Practice of Refugee Protection into the Twenty-first Century. Routledge.
  • Lüleci-Sula, Ç., & Sula, İ. E. (2021). Migration Management in Turkey: Discourse and Practice. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 18(72), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1000756.
  • Martin, P. L. (1994). Comparative Migration Policies. The International Migration Review, 28(1), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2547031.
  • Mengüaslan, H., & Fidan, Y. (2022). Pandemi ve Düzensiz Göç: Avrupa Birliği Düzensiz Göç Politikasının Türkiye ve Libya Mutabakatları Bağlamında Eleştirel Bir Analiz. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 21(1), 195-223. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148626.
  • Mengüaslan, H., & Arman, M. N. (2022). Turkish and Libyan Refugee Deals: A Critical Analysis of the European Union's Securitarian Irregular Migration Policy. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(1), 340-359.
  • Mihaylov, I. (2017). Russia’s New Concept of the State Migration Policy Until 2025: A Reform Towards Effectıve Policies For International Economic Migrants? Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 9(1), 176–214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26806066.
  • Moen-Larsen, N. (2019). “Suitcase – shelling – Russia”: narratives about refugees from Ukraine in Russian media. East European Politics, 36(1), 124–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2019.1693367.
  • Nicholson, F., & Twomey, P. (Eds.). (1999). Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sağlık, C. (2025). A Study on the Reactions of Turkish YouTube Users to Migration and Migrant Issues, İmgelem, New Media Studies Special Issue, 597-626.
  • Saylan, İ., and Aknur M. (2023). Discourses of Turkish Opposition Political Parties Towards Syrian Refugees: Securitization and Repatriation. Eskisehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (24): 259–283.
  • Sevinin, E., and Awad, İ. (2024). “Managing Crisis?: (Re)Thinking Turkey’s Discourse of ‘Refugee Crisis.’” In E.
  • Sevinin, G. Heck, E. Habersky, and C. Sandoval-García (Eds.), Making Routes: Mobility and Politics of Migration in the Global South, 91–108. The American University in Cairo Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.809341.11.
  • Shacknove, A. (1985). Who is a Refugee? Ethics 95: 274–84.
  • Turgüler, Ş. (2025). 1989 Bulgaristan zorunlu göçünün Türkiye üzerindeki sosyo-ekonomik etkisi. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 11(2), 174-193. https://doi.org/10.21551/jhf.1668467.
  • UNHCR. (2014). Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2014. http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/country/556725e69/unhcr-global-trends-2014.html.
  • UNHCR. (2018). UNHCR Submission on Russian Federation: 30th UPR session. http://www.refworld.org/country,,UNHCR,,RUS,,5b082dbf4,0.html.
  • Zimmermann, A., Einarsen, T., & Herrmann, F. M. (Eds.). (2024). The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Its 1967 Protocol: A Commentary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 110 - 123, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.1803158

Öz

This article examines the intertwining of migration with identity formation and state power policies in Türkiye and Russia. These two similar political structures have historically mobilized narratives of belonging and exclusion to demarcate their national imaginaries. Drawing on constructivist and post-structuralist theoretical frameworks, this study conceptualizes migration discourse as a constitutive field through which political elites continually articulate the boundaries of national membership and hierarchies of otherness. In Türkiye, migrants are situated within the discursive frameworks of "religious solidarity" and "hospitality," while in Russia, especially Central Asian migrants are simultaneously represented as indispensable economic actors and culturally alien subjects. These strategies demonstrate how each state manages identity through a complex interplay of inclusivity and otherness. Using a comparative discourse analysis of political discourse, media representations, and legal instruments, the study argues that migration governance in both contexts operates as a discursive arena in which issues of sovereignty, legitimacy, and nationhood are constantly negotiated, beyond their demographic and economic dimensions. Ultimately, the article concludes that migration narratives function as state legitimization mechanisms, reproduce exclusionary national myths, and that contemporary states redesign concepts of belonging and identity within the global circulation of people and meaning. Although there are many other parameters in the realpolitik of both countries regarding migration and its consequences, this study has been prepared within the confines of the theoretical framework. The main question of this study explores the ways in which Türkiye and Russia employ migration narratives in order to reinforce national identity, justify state authority and define the boundaries of belonging through dynamics of inclusion and exclusion.

Kaynakça

  • BBC News Türkçe (2019, September 13). Erdoğan: Güvenli bölgeye mülteciler şehri yapalım. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-49613353.
  • Betts, A. (2009). Forced Migration and Global Politics. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Bodrunova, S. S., Koltsova, O., Koltcov, S., & Nikolenko, S. (2017). Who’s Bad? Attitudes Toward Resettlers From The Post‐Soviet South Versus Other Nations in the Russian Blogosphere. International Journal of Communication, (11), 3242–3264.
  • Bodrunova, S. S., & Smoliarova, A. (2022). Migrants as “objects of care”: Immigration coverage in Russian media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Media and Communication, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i2.5213.
  • Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Çağlar, T. (2018). Göç Çalışmaları İçin Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(8), 26–49.
  • Çoban, M. (2024). An Analysis of the Religious Solidarity Discourses Regarding the Syrian Refugees in Türkiye. Religions, 15(10), 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15101216.
  • Duvell, F. (2014). International Relations and Migration Management: The Case of Turkey. Insight Turkey, 16(1), 35–44. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26299336.
  • Ergüven, N. S., & Özturanlı, B. (2013). Uluslararası Mülteci Hukuku ve Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(4), 1007–1061. https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001733.
  • Euronews. (2019, July 9). Erdoğan: AB mülteci anlaşması ile ilgili verdiği sözü tutmadı. Euronews, https://tr.euronews.com/2019/07/09/erdogan-ab-multeci-anlasmasi-ile-ilgili-verdigi-sozu-tutmadi-balkanlar-zirve-bosna-hersek.
  • Feller, E., Türk, V., & Nicholson, F. (Eds.). (2003). Refugee Protection in International Law: UNHCR’s Global Consultations on International Protection. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gabdulhakov, R. (2016, October). Russian Media Discourses On Syrian Refugees in Europe and Central Asian Labour Migrants in Russia: Russia for Russians, Europe for …? (Central Asia Policy Briefs No. 42). OSCE Academy. https://osce-academy.net/upload/file/Brief42updated.pdf.
  • Goodwin-Gill, G. S., & McAdam, J. (2021). The Refugee in International Law (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Hasenclever, A., Mayer, P., & Rittberger, V. (1997). Theories of International Regimes. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hathaway, J. C. (2005). The Rights of Refugees Under International Law. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hazer, M. & Uyar, Y. (2022). Grasping the Migration Discourse: Case of Turkey, Fenerbahce University Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 329-348.
  • Heusala, A.-L., Aitamurto, K., & Eraliev, S. (Eds.) (2024). Global Migration and Illiberalism in Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. Helsinki University Press.
  • Human Rights Watch. (1991, March 11). Whatever happened to the Iraqi Kurds? Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm.
  • İçduygu, A., & Keyman, E. F. (2000). Globalization, Security, and Migration: The Case of Turkey. Global Governance, 6(3), 383–398. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27800270.
  • Kirişci, K., & Yıldız, A. (2023). Turkey’s Asylum Policies Over the Last Century: Continuity, Change and Contradictions. Turkish Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2023.2178306.
  • Loescher, G. (2001). The UNHCR and World Politics: A Perilous Path. Oxford University Press.
  • Loescher, G., Betts, A., & Milner, J. (2008). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): The Politics and Practice of Refugee Protection into the Twenty-first Century. Routledge.
  • Lüleci-Sula, Ç., & Sula, İ. E. (2021). Migration Management in Turkey: Discourse and Practice. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 18(72), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1000756.
  • Martin, P. L. (1994). Comparative Migration Policies. The International Migration Review, 28(1), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2547031.
  • Mengüaslan, H., & Fidan, Y. (2022). Pandemi ve Düzensiz Göç: Avrupa Birliği Düzensiz Göç Politikasının Türkiye ve Libya Mutabakatları Bağlamında Eleştirel Bir Analiz. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 21(1), 195-223. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148626.
  • Mengüaslan, H., & Arman, M. N. (2022). Turkish and Libyan Refugee Deals: A Critical Analysis of the European Union's Securitarian Irregular Migration Policy. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(1), 340-359.
  • Mihaylov, I. (2017). Russia’s New Concept of the State Migration Policy Until 2025: A Reform Towards Effectıve Policies For International Economic Migrants? Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 9(1), 176–214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26806066.
  • Moen-Larsen, N. (2019). “Suitcase – shelling – Russia”: narratives about refugees from Ukraine in Russian media. East European Politics, 36(1), 124–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2019.1693367.
  • Nicholson, F., & Twomey, P. (Eds.). (1999). Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sağlık, C. (2025). A Study on the Reactions of Turkish YouTube Users to Migration and Migrant Issues, İmgelem, New Media Studies Special Issue, 597-626.
  • Saylan, İ., and Aknur M. (2023). Discourses of Turkish Opposition Political Parties Towards Syrian Refugees: Securitization and Repatriation. Eskisehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (24): 259–283.
  • Sevinin, E., and Awad, İ. (2024). “Managing Crisis?: (Re)Thinking Turkey’s Discourse of ‘Refugee Crisis.’” In E.
  • Sevinin, G. Heck, E. Habersky, and C. Sandoval-García (Eds.), Making Routes: Mobility and Politics of Migration in the Global South, 91–108. The American University in Cairo Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.809341.11.
  • Shacknove, A. (1985). Who is a Refugee? Ethics 95: 274–84.
  • Turgüler, Ş. (2025). 1989 Bulgaristan zorunlu göçünün Türkiye üzerindeki sosyo-ekonomik etkisi. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 11(2), 174-193. https://doi.org/10.21551/jhf.1668467.
  • UNHCR. (2014). Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2014. http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/country/556725e69/unhcr-global-trends-2014.html.
  • UNHCR. (2018). UNHCR Submission on Russian Federation: 30th UPR session. http://www.refworld.org/country,,UNHCR,,RUS,,5b082dbf4,0.html.
  • Zimmermann, A., Einarsen, T., & Herrmann, F. M. (Eds.). (2024). The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Its 1967 Protocol: A Commentary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ata Taha Kuveloğlu 0000-0002-1999-9366

Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuveloğlu, A. T. (2025). Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(2), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.1803158
AMA Kuveloğlu AT. Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia. ADUSOBIED. Aralık 2025;12(2):110-123. doi:10.30803/adusobed.1803158
Chicago Kuveloğlu, Ata Taha. “Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12, sy. 2 (Aralık 2025): 110-23. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.1803158.
EndNote Kuveloğlu AT (01 Aralık 2025) Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12 2 110–123.
IEEE A. T. Kuveloğlu, “Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia”, ADUSOBIED, c. 12, sy. 2, ss. 110–123, 2025, doi: 10.30803/adusobed.1803158.
ISNAD Kuveloğlu, Ata Taha. “Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12/2 (Aralık2025), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.1803158.
JAMA Kuveloğlu AT. Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia. ADUSOBIED. 2025;12:110–123.
MLA Kuveloğlu, Ata Taha. “Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 110-23, doi:10.30803/adusobed.1803158.
Vancouver Kuveloğlu AT. Humanity on Hold: Transformation of Migration Governance in Türkiye and Russia. ADUSOBIED. 2025;12(2):110-23.

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