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Determination of Hypovirulence Strains of Cryphonectria parasitica by Using Non-Phenol-Chloroform dsRNA Analysis Method and Detection of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 by RT-PCR

Yıl 2018, , 25 - 32, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.415060

Öz

Chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica, is a serious disease of Castanea spp. and causes bark cankers that progressively
kill branches and trunks. Hypovirulent cancers were first identified with the awareness of chestnut trees recovering in Italy in 1964,
and followed by hypovirulent strains containing the dsRNA virus used as a biological control agent. It has been determined that the
hypovirulent isolates of C. parasitica have dsRNA which obtained from chestnut areas of the Black Sea and Marmara regions of
Turkey. The dsRNA isolation and analysis method of Morris ve Dodds (1979) is usually used to determine the presence of dsRNA in
hypovirulent isolates. In this study, to determine the presence of dsRNA in C. parasitica isolates, which may be hypovirulent, the
method of Balijja and collaborators has been used (Balijja et al., 2008). This study was planned in order to investigate whether this
method is applicable for conducting research in the future due to its advantages such as shorter time requirements, less amount of
mycelium and chemicals used, and not involving phenol-chloroform compared to other isolation methods. For this purpose, the isolates
collected from healing cankers of chestnut areas in the Aegean, Black Sea and Marmara regions of Turkey, where light-white
mycelium formation was observed, were used. In this study, 30 isolates out of 68 were analyzed by Balijja et al.’s method and only 25
isolates were identified to contain dsRNA profile. dsRNA-containing six isolates were also analyzed by the method of Morris and
Dodds, and the existence of dsRNA was confirmed. It was found that 15 of 25 dsRNAs belonged to the hypovirus Cryphonectria
hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) by RT-PCR.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz S, Döken T, Erincik Ö, Değirmenci F (2009) Determination of hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica by dsRNA analysis in Aydın Province, Turkey. Acta Horticulture (866): 379–385.
  • Akdoğan S, Erkan E (1968) Dikkat! Kestane kanseri hastalığı görüldü. Tomurcuk (1):4–5.
  • Akıllı S, Katırcıoğlu YZ, Maden S (2009) Vegetative compatibility types of Cryphonectria parasitica, causal agent of chestnut blight, in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Forest Pathology (39):390–396.
  • Akıllı S, Katırcıoğlu YK, Maden S (2011) Biological control of chestnut canker, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, by antagonistic organisms and hypovirulent isolates. Turkish Journal Agriculture and Forestry (35): 515–523.
  • Akıllı S, Ulubaş SÇ, Katırcıoğlu YZ, Maden S, Rigling, D (2012) Characterization of hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology 135 (2): 323–334.
  • Allemann C, Hoegger P, Heiniger U, Rigling D (1999) Genetic variation of Cryphonectria hypoviruses (CHV1) in Europe, assessed using RFLP markers. Molecular Ecology (8): 843–854.
  • Anagnostakis SL, Day PR (1979) Hypovirulence conversion in Endothia parasitica. Phytopathology, (69): 1226–1229.
  • Anagnostakis SL, Chen B, Geletka LM, Nuss DL (1998) Hypovirus transmission to ascospore progeny by fieldreleased transgenic hypovirulent strains of Cryphonectria parasitica. Phytopathology (88): 598–604.
  • Anonim (2014) Türkiye İstatististik Kurumu Konularına Göre İstatistikler Veri Tabanı http://www.tuik.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2016.
  • Balijja A, Kvarnheden A, Turchetti T (2008) A non-phenolcholoroform extraction of double-Stranded RNA from plant and fungal tissues. Journal of Virological Methods (152): 32–37.
  • Bissegger M, Rigling D, Heiniger U (1997) Population structure and disease development of Cryphonectria parasitica in European chestnut forests in the presence of natural hypovirulence. Phytopathology (87): 50–59.
  • Bryner SF, Rigling D, Brunner PC (2012) Invasion history and demographic pattern of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 across European populations of the chestnut blight fungus. Ecology and Evolution (2):3227–3241.
  • Castano C, Bassie L, Oliach D, Gomez M, Medina V, Liu B, Colinas C (2014) Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) survey reveals low occurrence and diversity of subtypes in NE Spain. Forest Pathology (45):51–59.
  • Coşkun H, Kural I (1994) Kestane kanseri Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. Hastalığının mücadelesi üzerinde araştırmalar. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü BKA/01/F–094 Nolu Proje.
  • Coşkun H, Turchetti T, Maresi G, Santagada A (1999) Preliminary investigations into Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr isolates from Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 38(2):101–110.
  • Çeliker NM (2000) Kestane Kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr.)’nın Hipovirülent Irklarla Savaşımı Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, p.116.
  • Çeliker NM, Onoğur E (2001) Evaluation of hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica for the biological control of chestnut blight in Turkey. Forest Snow and Landscape Research (76): 378–382.
  • Çeliker NM, Onoğur E, Uygun H (2006) Ege Bölgesinde Kestane Kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica) Hastalığının Hipovirulent Irklarla Doğal Koşullarda Biyolojik Kontrolü TC Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü BS-03/05-04-115 Nolu Proje Sonuç Raporu.
  • Delen N (1979) Studies on the control possibilities of Chesnut Blight (Endothia parasitica (Murr.) A and A) in Turkey. The Journal Turkish Phytopathology 8 (2-3): 51–76.
  • Erincik Ö, Döken TM, Açıkgöz S, Ertan E (2003) First report for Aydın, Turkey: Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill.) Barr. Threatens the chestnut orchards. The Journal Turkish Phytopathology (32): 41–44.
  • Gobbin D, Hoegger PJ, Heiniger U, Rigling D (2003) Sequence variation and evolution of Cryphonectria hypovirus1 (CHV-1) in Europe. Virus Research (97): 39–46.
  • Gürer M, Ottaviani MP, Cortesi P (2001) Genetic diversity of subpopulations of Cryphonectria parasitica in two chestnut-growing regions in Turkey. Forest Snow and Landscape Research (76): 383–386.
  • Heiniger U, Rigling D (1994) Biological control of chestnut blight in Europe. Annual Review of Phytopathology (32):581–99.
  • Hillman BI, Halper BT, Brown MP (1994) A Viral dsRNA element of the chestnut blight fungus with a distinct genetic organization. Virology (201):241–250.
  • Hogan EP (2006) Population biology of Cryphonectria parasitica infected with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 on American chestnut trees. The Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Doktora Tezi (Basılmamış) Virginia.
  • Krstin L, Novak-Agbaba S, Rigling D, Krajacic M, Curkovic Perica M (2008) Chestnut blight fungus in Croatia: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types and genetic variability of associated Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. Plant Pathology (57):1086–1092.
  • Krstin L, Novak-Agbaba S, Rigling D, Curkovic Perica M (2011) Diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types of Cryphonectria parasitica in Slovenia and occurrence of associated Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. Plant Pathology (60):752–761.
  • Milgroom MG, Cortesi P (2004) Biological control of chestnut blight with the hypovirulence:A critical analysis.Annual Riew of Phytopatology (42):311–318.
  • Montenegro D, Aguin O, Sainz MJ, Hermida M, Mansilla JP (2008) Diversity of vegetative compatibility types, distribution of mating types and occurrence of hypovirulence of Cryphonectria parasitica in chestnut stands in NW Spain. Forest Ecology and Management (256):973–980.
  • Morris TJ, Dodds JA (1979) Isolation and Analysis of Double-Stranded RNA from Virus-Infected Plant and Fungal Tissue. Phytopathology (69): 854–857.
  • Radocz L (2001) Study of subpopulations of the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) fungus in the Carpathian basin. Forest Snow and Landscape Research 76, 3: 368-372.
  • Robin C and Heiniger U (2001) Chestnut blight in Europe: Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica, hypovirulence and biocontrol. Forest Snow and Landscape Research (76): 361–367.
  • Shapira R, Choi G, Nuss DL (1991) Virus-like genetic organization and expression strategy for a doublestranded RNA genetic element associated with biological control of chestnut blight. EMBO Journal (10): 731–739.
  • Suzuki N, Nuss DL (2002) Contribution of protein p49 to hypovirus-mediated modulation of fungal host phenotype and viral RNA accumulation. Journal of Virology (76): 7747–7759.
  • Steenkamp ET Wingfield BD Swart WJ and Wingfield MJ (1998) Double-stranded RNA and associated virulence in South African isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Canadian Journal of Botany 76(8): 1412–1417.
  • Valverde RA, Nameth ST, Jordan RL (1990) Analysis of double stranded RNA for plant virus diagnosis. Plant Disesease (74): 255–258.
  • Zamora P, Martin AB, Rigling D, Diez JJ (2012) Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica in western Spain and identification of hypovirus-infected isolates. Forest Pathology (42): 412–419.

Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol ve Kloroform İçermeyen dsRNA Analiz Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi ve Cryphonectria hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR ile Tanılanması

Yıl 2018, , 25 - 32, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.415060

Öz

Kestane Kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica), Castanea spp., nin önemli bir hastalığı olup dal ve gövdelerde kanserlere yol
açmakta ve ağaçların zamanla ölmesine sebep olmaktadır. 1964 yılında İtalya’da iyileşmekte olan kestane ağaçlarında ilk
olarak hipovirulent kanserlerin fark edilmesini takiben biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak kullanılan dsRNA virüsü içeren
hipovirulent strainler belirlenmiştir. Ülkemizde de Karadeniz ve Marmara Bölgeleri kestane alanlarından elde edilen C.
parasitica‘nın hipovirulent izolatlarının dsRNA içermiş oldukları belirlenmiştir. Hipovirulent izolatlardaki dsRNA’nın varlığının
belirlenmesinde genellikle Morris ve Dodds (1979)’un dsRNA izolasyon ve analiz yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise
hipovirulent olabileceği belirlenen C. parasitica izolatlarında dsRNA varlığı belirlemek için Balijja ve ark. (2008) tarafından
geliştirilen yöntem kullanılmıştır. Diğer izolasyon yöntemlerine kıyasla daha kısa süre gerektirmesi, kullanılan miselyum ve
kimyasal madde miktarının daha az olması ve fenol- kloroform içermemesi gibi avantajları nedeniyle gelecekte ülkemiz ve
bölgemizde bu konuda yapılacak olan araştırmalara kolaylık sağlaması amacıyla bu çalışma planlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Ege,
Karadeniz ve Marmara Bölgeleri kestane alanlarından kestane kanseri hastalığı ile bulaşık ağaçların iyileşme belirtisi gösteren
kanser yaralarının kabuk dokularından elde edilen ve açık renk-beyaz misel oluşumu gözlenen izolatlar kullanılmıştır. Çalışma
kapsamında 68 izolattan 30 tanesi dsRNA ekstraksiyonuna olanak sağlayan Balijja ve ark. (2008)’ nın yöntemi ile analiz
edilmiş ve 25 izolatın dsRNA profili içerdiği belirlenmiştir. dsRNA profili içeren altı izolat Morris ve Dodds (1979) yöntemi
ile dsRNA varlığı yönünden doğrulanmıştır. Ardından, RT-PCR yöntemi ile 15 izolattan elde edilen dsRNA’ların hipovirüs
Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) olduğu belirlenmiştir. 

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz S, Döken T, Erincik Ö, Değirmenci F (2009) Determination of hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica by dsRNA analysis in Aydın Province, Turkey. Acta Horticulture (866): 379–385.
  • Akdoğan S, Erkan E (1968) Dikkat! Kestane kanseri hastalığı görüldü. Tomurcuk (1):4–5.
  • Akıllı S, Katırcıoğlu YZ, Maden S (2009) Vegetative compatibility types of Cryphonectria parasitica, causal agent of chestnut blight, in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Forest Pathology (39):390–396.
  • Akıllı S, Katırcıoğlu YK, Maden S (2011) Biological control of chestnut canker, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, by antagonistic organisms and hypovirulent isolates. Turkish Journal Agriculture and Forestry (35): 515–523.
  • Akıllı S, Ulubaş SÇ, Katırcıoğlu YZ, Maden S, Rigling, D (2012) Characterization of hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology 135 (2): 323–334.
  • Allemann C, Hoegger P, Heiniger U, Rigling D (1999) Genetic variation of Cryphonectria hypoviruses (CHV1) in Europe, assessed using RFLP markers. Molecular Ecology (8): 843–854.
  • Anagnostakis SL, Day PR (1979) Hypovirulence conversion in Endothia parasitica. Phytopathology, (69): 1226–1229.
  • Anagnostakis SL, Chen B, Geletka LM, Nuss DL (1998) Hypovirus transmission to ascospore progeny by fieldreleased transgenic hypovirulent strains of Cryphonectria parasitica. Phytopathology (88): 598–604.
  • Anonim (2014) Türkiye İstatististik Kurumu Konularına Göre İstatistikler Veri Tabanı http://www.tuik.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2016.
  • Balijja A, Kvarnheden A, Turchetti T (2008) A non-phenolcholoroform extraction of double-Stranded RNA from plant and fungal tissues. Journal of Virological Methods (152): 32–37.
  • Bissegger M, Rigling D, Heiniger U (1997) Population structure and disease development of Cryphonectria parasitica in European chestnut forests in the presence of natural hypovirulence. Phytopathology (87): 50–59.
  • Bryner SF, Rigling D, Brunner PC (2012) Invasion history and demographic pattern of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 across European populations of the chestnut blight fungus. Ecology and Evolution (2):3227–3241.
  • Castano C, Bassie L, Oliach D, Gomez M, Medina V, Liu B, Colinas C (2014) Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) survey reveals low occurrence and diversity of subtypes in NE Spain. Forest Pathology (45):51–59.
  • Coşkun H, Kural I (1994) Kestane kanseri Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. Hastalığının mücadelesi üzerinde araştırmalar. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü BKA/01/F–094 Nolu Proje.
  • Coşkun H, Turchetti T, Maresi G, Santagada A (1999) Preliminary investigations into Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr isolates from Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 38(2):101–110.
  • Çeliker NM (2000) Kestane Kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr.)’nın Hipovirülent Irklarla Savaşımı Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, p.116.
  • Çeliker NM, Onoğur E (2001) Evaluation of hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica for the biological control of chestnut blight in Turkey. Forest Snow and Landscape Research (76): 378–382.
  • Çeliker NM, Onoğur E, Uygun H (2006) Ege Bölgesinde Kestane Kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica) Hastalığının Hipovirulent Irklarla Doğal Koşullarda Biyolojik Kontrolü TC Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü BS-03/05-04-115 Nolu Proje Sonuç Raporu.
  • Delen N (1979) Studies on the control possibilities of Chesnut Blight (Endothia parasitica (Murr.) A and A) in Turkey. The Journal Turkish Phytopathology 8 (2-3): 51–76.
  • Erincik Ö, Döken TM, Açıkgöz S, Ertan E (2003) First report for Aydın, Turkey: Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill.) Barr. Threatens the chestnut orchards. The Journal Turkish Phytopathology (32): 41–44.
  • Gobbin D, Hoegger PJ, Heiniger U, Rigling D (2003) Sequence variation and evolution of Cryphonectria hypovirus1 (CHV-1) in Europe. Virus Research (97): 39–46.
  • Gürer M, Ottaviani MP, Cortesi P (2001) Genetic diversity of subpopulations of Cryphonectria parasitica in two chestnut-growing regions in Turkey. Forest Snow and Landscape Research (76): 383–386.
  • Heiniger U, Rigling D (1994) Biological control of chestnut blight in Europe. Annual Review of Phytopathology (32):581–99.
  • Hillman BI, Halper BT, Brown MP (1994) A Viral dsRNA element of the chestnut blight fungus with a distinct genetic organization. Virology (201):241–250.
  • Hogan EP (2006) Population biology of Cryphonectria parasitica infected with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 on American chestnut trees. The Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Doktora Tezi (Basılmamış) Virginia.
  • Krstin L, Novak-Agbaba S, Rigling D, Krajacic M, Curkovic Perica M (2008) Chestnut blight fungus in Croatia: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types and genetic variability of associated Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. Plant Pathology (57):1086–1092.
  • Krstin L, Novak-Agbaba S, Rigling D, Curkovic Perica M (2011) Diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types of Cryphonectria parasitica in Slovenia and occurrence of associated Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. Plant Pathology (60):752–761.
  • Milgroom MG, Cortesi P (2004) Biological control of chestnut blight with the hypovirulence:A critical analysis.Annual Riew of Phytopatology (42):311–318.
  • Montenegro D, Aguin O, Sainz MJ, Hermida M, Mansilla JP (2008) Diversity of vegetative compatibility types, distribution of mating types and occurrence of hypovirulence of Cryphonectria parasitica in chestnut stands in NW Spain. Forest Ecology and Management (256):973–980.
  • Morris TJ, Dodds JA (1979) Isolation and Analysis of Double-Stranded RNA from Virus-Infected Plant and Fungal Tissue. Phytopathology (69): 854–857.
  • Radocz L (2001) Study of subpopulations of the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) fungus in the Carpathian basin. Forest Snow and Landscape Research 76, 3: 368-372.
  • Robin C and Heiniger U (2001) Chestnut blight in Europe: Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica, hypovirulence and biocontrol. Forest Snow and Landscape Research (76): 361–367.
  • Shapira R, Choi G, Nuss DL (1991) Virus-like genetic organization and expression strategy for a doublestranded RNA genetic element associated with biological control of chestnut blight. EMBO Journal (10): 731–739.
  • Suzuki N, Nuss DL (2002) Contribution of protein p49 to hypovirus-mediated modulation of fungal host phenotype and viral RNA accumulation. Journal of Virology (76): 7747–7759.
  • Steenkamp ET Wingfield BD Swart WJ and Wingfield MJ (1998) Double-stranded RNA and associated virulence in South African isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Canadian Journal of Botany 76(8): 1412–1417.
  • Valverde RA, Nameth ST, Jordan RL (1990) Analysis of double stranded RNA for plant virus diagnosis. Plant Disesease (74): 255–258.
  • Zamora P, Martin AB, Rigling D, Diez JJ (2012) Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica in western Spain and identification of hypovirus-infected isolates. Forest Pathology (42): 412–419.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Eda Mersin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4093-5903

Serap Açıkgöz 0000-0002-7970-1648

Ömer Erincik 0000-0002-0304-7475

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Mersin, E., Açıkgöz, S., & Erincik, Ö. (2018). Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol ve Kloroform İçermeyen dsRNA Analiz Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi ve Cryphonectria hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR ile Tanılanması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.415060
AMA Mersin E, Açıkgöz S, Erincik Ö. Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol ve Kloroform İçermeyen dsRNA Analiz Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi ve Cryphonectria hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR ile Tanılanması. ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG. Aralık 2018;15(2):25-32. doi:10.25308/aduziraat.415060
Chicago Mersin, Eda, Serap Açıkgöz, ve Ömer Erincik. “Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol Ve Kloroform İçermeyen DsRNA Analiz Yöntemi Ile Belirlenmesi Ve Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR Ile Tanılanması”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 15, sy. 2 (Aralık 2018): 25-32. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.415060.
EndNote Mersin E, Açıkgöz S, Erincik Ö (01 Aralık 2018) Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol ve Kloroform İçermeyen dsRNA Analiz Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi ve Cryphonectria hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR ile Tanılanması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 15 2 25–32.
IEEE E. Mersin, S. Açıkgöz, ve Ö. Erincik, “Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol ve Kloroform İçermeyen dsRNA Analiz Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi ve Cryphonectria hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR ile Tanılanması”, ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG, c. 15, sy. 2, ss. 25–32, 2018, doi: 10.25308/aduziraat.415060.
ISNAD Mersin, Eda vd. “Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol Ve Kloroform İçermeyen DsRNA Analiz Yöntemi Ile Belirlenmesi Ve Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR Ile Tanılanması”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 15/2 (Aralık 2018), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.415060.
JAMA Mersin E, Açıkgöz S, Erincik Ö. Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol ve Kloroform İçermeyen dsRNA Analiz Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi ve Cryphonectria hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR ile Tanılanması. ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG. 2018;15:25–32.
MLA Mersin, Eda vd. “Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol Ve Kloroform İçermeyen DsRNA Analiz Yöntemi Ile Belirlenmesi Ve Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR Ile Tanılanması”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 25-32, doi:10.25308/aduziraat.415060.
Vancouver Mersin E, Açıkgöz S, Erincik Ö. Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın Hipovirülent Strainlerinin Fenol ve Kloroform İçermeyen dsRNA Analiz Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi ve Cryphonectria hypovirus 1’ in RT-PCR ile Tanılanması. ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG. 2018;15(2):25-32.