Balık ve Balık Ürünlerinde Biyojen Aminlerin Varlığı

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 139 - 145, 01.03.2015

Pınar Oğuzhan Yıldız Birsen Kırım

Öz

Biyojen aminler hayvan, bitki ve mikroorganizmaların normal metabolizmasında rol alan düşük molekül ağırlıklı
organik bazlardır. Genellikle serbest aminoasitlerin mikrobiyal enzimlerle dekarboksilasyonu sonucu
oluşmaktadır. Bu bileşikler, insan ve hayvanlarda toksik etkiye sahip olabilmektedirler. Biyojen aminler,
olgunlaştırma veya fermantasyon işlemleri ile üretilen çeşitli gıdalarda ve içeceklerde bulunmaktadır. Biyojen
amin içeren gıdalar arasında balık ve balık ürünleri, et ürünleri, yumurta, peynir çeşitleri, fermente sebzeler ve
soya fasulyesi ürünleri, bira ve şarap yer almaktadır. Biyojenik aminler kimyasal olarak alifatik (putresin,
kadaverin, spermin, spermidin), aromatik (tiramin, feniletilamin) ve heterosiklik (histamin, triptamin) yapıda
olabilirler. Balık kasında en sık bulunan aminler histamin, kadaverin ve putresindir. Bu derlemede, biyojenik
aminlerin önemi ve bunların balık ve balık ürünlerinde oluşumu üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyojen aminler, Balık, Balık Ürünleri

Presence of Biogenic Amines in Fish and Fish Products

Öz

Biogenic amines are low molecular organic bases in normal metabolisms of animal, vegetable and
microorganisms. These amines are formed by decarboxylation of free amino acids with microbial enzymes.
These compounds can have toxic efffects in human and animal. Biogenic amines, produced by ripening or
fermentation processes are in various foods and beverages. Biogenic amines such as fish, fish products, meat
products, eggs, cheese, fermented vegetables, soy bean products, beer and wine are available. The chemical
structure of bioljenik amines aliphatic (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine), aromatic (tyramine,
phenylethylamine) and heterocyclic (histamine, tryptamin) are vary. Most commonly amines are histamine,
cadaverine and putresin in fish muscle. In this review, significance on the biogenic amines and the formation this
amines of in fish and fish products were examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biogenic amines, fish, fish products

Kaynakça

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• Pınar OĞUZHAN YILDIZ
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• Ardahan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi
• Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, ARDAHAN Geliş Tarihi Kabul Tarihi : 30.06.2015