Esporcular ve Geleneksel Sporcularda Zihinsel Antrenman Becerileri ve Toparlanma Bilgisi: Eğitsel Bir Bakış

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel sporcular ve esporcular arasında profesyonellik düzeyine göre zihinsel antrenman becerileri ile toparlanma bilgi düzeylerini karşılaştırmak ve bu değişkenlerin spor yaşı, branş ve sakatlık öyküsü bağlamında nasıl farklılaştığını incelemektir. Araştırma, kesitsel ve karşılaştırmalı nicel bir araştırma deseniyle yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya farklı spor branşlarında aktif olarak yer alan geleneksel sporcular ile rekabetçi düzeyde espor faaliyetlerine katılan toplam 312 profesyonel ve amatör sporcu gönüllü olarak dahil edilmiştir. Veriler; demografik bilgi formu, Sporda Zihinsel Antrenman Envanteri ve Toparlanma Bilgi Düzeyi Envanteri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra bağımsız örneklemler t-testi, Welch ANOVA ve Pearson korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, profesyonel sporcuların zihinsel temel beceriler, zihinsel performans becerileri ve zihinsel canlandırma alt boyutlarında amatör sporculara kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek puanlara sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca profesyonel sporcuların toparlanma bilgi düzeylerinin de anlamlı biçimde daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Spor yaşı arttıkça zihinsel antrenman becerileri ve toparlanma bilgi düzeylerinin arttığı, zihinsel antrenman alt boyutları ile toparlanma bilgi düzeyi arasında pozitif yönlü ilişkiler bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, zihinsel antrenman ve toparlanma süreçlerinin deneyim ve eğitim yoluyla geliştirilebilen eğitsel kazanımlar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, sporcu ve antrenör eğitim programlarında zihinsel antrenman ve toparlanmaya yönelik yapılandırılmış eğitsel içeriklere yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Espor
• Zihinsel antrenman
• Toparlanma bilgi düzeyi
• Profesyonellik
• Geleneksel spor

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma, herhangi bir kamu, ticari veya kâr amacı gütmeyen kuruluştan finansal destek almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma, Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi’nde yer alan ilke ve kurallara uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi, verilerin toplanması, analizi ve raporlanması süreçlerinde söz konusu yönergenin ikinci bölümünde belirtilen “Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine Aykırı Eylemler” kapsamında yer alan herhangi bir ihlal gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Araştırmanın etik değerlendirmesi Adıyaman Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu tarafından yapılmış olup, çalışma 08.12.2023 tarihinde alınan etik kurul onayı ile yürütülmüştür (Karar No: 2025/9-1). Araştırmaya katılan tüm bireylerden veri toplama süreci öncesinde bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmış ve katılımın gönüllülük esasına dayandığı açıkça belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde, üretken yapay zekâ araçlarından yalnızca dil düzenleme, akademik anlatımın iyileştirilmesi ve metin akışının desteklenmesi amacıyla sınırlı düzeyde yararlanılmıştır. Üretken yapay zekâ kullanımı sırasında Yükseköğretim Kurulu tarafından yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Üretken Yapay Zeka Kullanımına Dair Etik Rehber” kapsamında yer alan ilkelere uyulmuş; veri uydurma, çarpıtma, intihal veya yanıltıcı içerik üretimi gibi etik ihlallerin hiçbiri gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Çalışmanın bilimsel sorumluluğu ve içerik bütünlüğü tamamen yazarlara aittir.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılım sağlayan tüm katılımcılara içten teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. Katılımcıların iş birliği, samimi katkıları ve ayırdıkları değerli zaman, araştırmanın başarıyla yürütülmesinde belirleyici rol oynamıştır.

Mental Training Skills and Recovery Knowledge in Esports Athletes and Traditional Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Comparison

Öz

The aim of this study was to compare mental training skills and recovery knowledge levels between traditional athletes and esports athletes according to professionalism level, and to examine how these variables differ in the context of sport age, branch, and injury history. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional and comparative quantitative research design. A total of 312 professional and amateur athletes voluntarily participated in the study, including traditional athletes actively engaged in different sports branches and esports athletes competing at a competitive level. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Sport Mental Training Inventory, and the Recovery Knowledge Level Inventory. In addition to descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Welch ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were applied for data analysis. The findings indicated that professional athletes had significantly higher scores than amateur athletes in the subdimensions of mental basic skills, mental performance skills, and mental imagery. Furthermore, professional athletes demonstrated significantly higher levels of recovery knowledge. It was also determined that mental training skills and recovery knowledge levels increased with greater sport age, and positive relationships were identified between mental training subdimensions and recovery knowledge level. The results suggest that mental training and recovery processes represent educational gains that can be improved through experience and systematic training. Accordingly, it is recommended that structured educational content focusing on mental training and recovery strategies should be incorporated into athlete and coach education programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Esports
• Mental training skills
• Recovery knowledge
• Professional athletes
• Traditional athletes

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no financial support from any public, commercial, or non-profit organization.

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted in accordance with the principles and regulations set forth in the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of the Higher Education Institutions. Throughout the processes of planning, implementation, data collection, analysis, and reporting, no actions constituting violations under the section titled “Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics,” as specified in the second chapter of the directive, were committed. The ethical evaluation of the study was carried out by the Ethics Committee of Adıyaman University, and the research was conducted with the approval obtained on 08.12.2023 (Decision No: 2025/9-1). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the data collection process, and it was clearly stated that participation was based on voluntary consent. During the preparation of this study, generative artificial intelligence tools were utilized in a limited manner solely for the purposes of language editing, improvement of academic expression, and enhancement of textual coherence. The use of generative artificial intelligence was conducted in compliance with the principles outlined in the “Ethical Guidelines on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education” published by the Council of Higher Education. No ethical violations, such as data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or the generation of misleading content, were involved in any stage of the study. The scientific responsibility and integrity of the content of this study rest entirely with the authors.

Teşekkür

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all participants who voluntarily took part in this study. Their cooperation, valuable time, and contributions were essential to the successful completion of the research.

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