BRICS-T ÜLKELERİNDE GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİNİN TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ: EKONOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Öz

Gelir eşitsizliği, bir ülkedeki bireyler, bir popülasyonu oluşturan gruplar veya ülkeler arasındaki gelir dağılımının düzensiz olduğunu ifade eder. Gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmak, sadece daha adil bir gelir dağılımı elde etmek ve artan gelir eşitsizliğinin yarattığı sosyal kaygıları gidermek için değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik büyüme ve toplam faktör verimliliğinin (TFV) artırılması açısından iyi bir ortam sağlamak için de önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, BRICS-T ülkelerinde 1994-2019 dönemi için gelir eşitsizliği ile TFV arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Üç aşamalı bir ampirik yöntemin kullanıldığı çalışmada Panel FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) ve DOLS (Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares) tahmincilerinden elde edilen sonuçlar, gelir eşitsizliğinin TFV’yi negatif etkilediğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın bulgularına dayanarak, gelir eşitsizliğinin negatif etkilerini en aza indirebilmek amacıyla bazı politika önerileri sunulabilir. BRICS-T ülkelerinde öncelikle gelir dağılımı adaletsizliğini azaltmayı amaçlayan uzun vadeli makroekonomik politikalar oluşturulmalı ve iyi koordine edilmelidir. Bu ülkelerde politika yapıcılar, daha adil bir gelir dağılımı sağlamak için artan oranlı vergi ve asgari ücret gibi yasal uygulamaların etkilerini dikkatle izlemelidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelir Eşitsizliği
• Toplam Faktör Verimliliği
• BRICST Ülkeleri
• Panel FMOLS-DOLS.

THE EFFECTS OF INCOME INEQUALITY ON TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN BRICS-T COUNTRIES: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Öz

Income inequality refers to the unequal distribution of national income in an economy. Reducing income inequality is important not only to achieve a more equitable income distribution and to address social concerns caused by increasing income inequality, but also to provide a good ambiance in terms of economic growth and increasing total factor productivity (TFP). In this study, it is aimed to determine the relationship between income inequality and TFP in BRICS-T countries for the period 1994-2019. In the study, in which a three-stage empirical procedure was used, the results obtained from the Panel FMOLS and DOLS estimators show that income inequality negatively affects TFP. Based on the findings of the study, some policy recommendations can be made to minimize the negative effects of income inequality. In BRICS-T countries, long-term macroeconomic policies aiming to reduce income inequality should be established and good organized. Policy makers in these countries should carefully monitor the effects of legal practices such as progressive taxes and minimum wages to ensure a more equitable distribution of income.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Income Inequality
• Total Factor Productivity
• BRICS-T Countries
• Panel FMOLS-DOLS.

Kaynakça

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