UGARİT, MISIR VE MEZOPOTAMYA KAYNAKLARINA GÖRE NAZAR

Öz

Türkçe’de bakış anlamına gelen nazar, inanışa göre insanları yaralayabilecek, öldürebilecek bir güce sahiptir ve halk arasında nazarın cansız nesnelere de zarar verebildiğine dair inanışlar yaygındır. Bu inanç oldukça eski ve köklü olup kökenleri Neolitik çağlara kadar takip edilebilmektedir. Arkeolojik merkezlerde tespit edilen nazarlık ve amuletler, insanların eskiçağlardan günümüze kadar bakışların sadece insanları etkilemediğine, aynı zamanda bu bakışlardan korunmak için önlemler aldıklarını da göstermektedir. Ugarit, Mısır ve Mezopotamya metinleri incelendiği zaman bu inancın izleri fark edilmektedir. Sümer metinleri insan bakışlarının ölümcül nitelikte olabileceğine ve insanın içine korku salabileceğine dair çok sayıda bahiste bulunmaktadır. Ugarit tabletlerinde de Sümerlerde olduğu gibi nazarın veya bakışların etkileri görülmektedir. Söz konusu metinlerden anlaşıldığı kadarı ile nazar yüzyıllar boyunca süregelmiş bir inançtır. Bu çalışma Ugarit, Mısır ve Mezopotamya kaynaklarına göre nazar inanışını incelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nazar
• Ugarit
• Mezopotamya
• Mısır
• Büyü

EVIL EYE ACCORDING TO THE SUMERIAN AND UGARITIC SOURCES

Öz

In Turkish, the word “evil eye” meaning “gaze” is believed to have the power to harm or even kill people. It is a widely held belief among the people that the evil eye can also affect inanimate objects. This is a very ancient and deep-rooted belief, with origins that can be traced back to the Neolithic age. Amulets and charms found in archaeological sites indicate that people, from ancient times to the present, believed that gazes could affect more than just humans and that they took measures to protect themselves from these harmful looks. When examining Syriac, Egyptian and Mesopotamian texts, traces of this belief can be observed. Sumerian texts frequently mention that a person's gaze can be deadly and instill fear. Similarly, Ugaritic tablets show the effects of the evil eye or gaze, just as in Sumerian culture. From these texts, it is understood that the belief in the evil eye has persisted for centuries. This study examines the belief in the evil eye according to Syriac, Egyptian and Mesopotamian sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Evil Eye
• Ugarit
• Mesopotamia
• Egypt
• Magic.

Kaynakça

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