ALGORİTMİK KAMU YÖNETİMİ VE ALGOKRASİ: KENTSEL ULAŞIMDA YÖNETİŞİM DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Öz

Bu makale, Algoritmik Kamu Yönetimi (AKY) kavramını ortaya koymakta ve Yapay Zeka (YZ) odaklı mobilite sistemlerinin, kamu yönetişiminde yapısal bir dönüşümü temsil ettiğini ileri sürmektedir; bu dönüşüm algokrasi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. İstanbul, Singapur, Hangzhou, Belgrad ve Shenzhen örneklerine dayanan analiz, Yapay Zekâ (YZ) tabanlı mobilite yönetişimini beş katmanlı bir modelle açıklar: veri altyapısı, optimizasyon mantığı, normatif parametreler, gözetim mekanizmaları ve demokratik geri bildirim. Bu model, Algoritmik Kamu Yönetimi Modeli (AKYM) olarak adlandırılır. Makale üç temel katkı sunmaktadır. Birincisi, çok-etmenli YZ optimizasyonunun sistemik öngörülemezlik ve demokratik yerinden edilmenin (displacement) nasıl ürettiğini açıklayarak algoritmik kaosu Shannon entropisi aracılığıyla biçimselleştirmektedir. İkincisi, anayasal değerleri algoritmik sistemlere gömen norm-ağırlıklı bir tasarım ilkesi olarak dijital vicdanı tanıtmaktadır. Üçüncü ve son olarak da, kamu hukuku doktrinini algoritmik hesap verebilirlik teorisiyle bütünleştiren bir Algokratik Hata Matrisi aracılığıyla idari sorumluluğu yeniden kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgular bir paradoksu ortaya koymaktadır: verimlilik kazanımları, azalan şeffaflık ve katılımcı meşruiyet ile ilişkilidir. Makale, optimizasyonu anayasal yönetişimle bağdaştırmak için Demokratik Algoritmik Yönetişim Çerçevesi ve kurumsal mekanizmalar (algoritmik denetim konseyleri ve katılımcı parametre belirleme gibi) önererek sonuçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, akıllı mobiliteyi yalnızca altyapısal modernizasyon olarak değil, kamu otoritesinin yapısal bir yeniden yapılandırması olarak değerlendirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algokrasi
• YZ Mobilitesi
• Dijital Vicdan
• Algoritmik Hesap Verebilirlik
• Katılımcı Yönetişim

ALGORITHMIC PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ALGOCRACY: TRANSFORMING GOVERNANCE IN URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Öz

This article introduces Algorithmic Public Administration (APA) as a conceptual framework, arguing that AI-driven mobility systems represent a structural transformation in governance—a shift termed algocracy. Drawing on case studies from Istanbul, Singapore, Hangzhou, Belgrade, and Shenzhen, the study proposes the Algorithmic Public Administration Model (APAM), a five-layer analytical framework comprising data infrastructure, optimization logic, normative parameters, surveillance mechanisms, and democratic feedback. The article makes three primary contributions. First, it formalizes algorithmic chaos using Shannon entropy to explain how multi-agent AI optimization generates systemic unpredictability and displaces democratic processes. Second, it introduces the digital conscience as a norm-weighted design principle that embeds constitutional values into algorithmic architectures. Third, it reconceptualizes accountability through an Algocratic Error Matrix, integrating public law doctrines with algorithmic accountability theory. The findings reveal a fundamental paradox: efficiency gains from AI-driven systems are accompanied by diminished transparency and participatory legitimacy. To address this, the article proposes a Democratic Algorithmic Governance Framework, supported by institutional mechanisms such as algorithmic oversight councils and participatory parameter-setting processes. Ultimately, the study positions smart mobility not merely as technological modernization, but as a fundamental reconfiguration of public authority requiring new forms of democratic control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algocracy
• AI Mobility
• Digital Conscience
• Algorithmic Accountability
• Participatory Governance.

Kaynakça

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