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FİNANSAL GELİŞME VE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ ARASINDA BİR İLİŞKİ VAR MIDIR? TÜRKİYE İÇİN UYGULAMA

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 43, 379 - 407, 19.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1229257

Öz

Enerji, ülkelerin sürdürülebilir bir şekilde kalkınması ve bireylerin refah seviyesini artırmada en temel faktörlerden biridir. İskoçyalı mucit James Watt’ın buhar makinesini verimli bir şekilde kullanmasıyla birlikte 1760’’lı yıllarda Britanya’da ortaya çıkan sanayi devrimi ile kömürün, 20. Yüzyılın başından itibaren de petrolün kullanılmaya başlamasıyla kömür ve petrol modern zamanlara damgasını vuran kaynaklar olarak öne çıkmıştır. Ancak bu kaynakların sınırlı olması ve yüksek miktarlarda tüketiliyor olmalarından dolayı özellikle sanayileşmiş ülkelerin başını çektiği gelişmiş ülkeler yeni enerji kaynakları arayışı içine girmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, 1990'dan 2020 periyodu için Türkiye’deki yenilenebilir enerji gelişimi üzerindeki finansal gelişmenin etkisi sorgulanmıştır. Çalışmada; Svirydzenka tarafından geliştirilen finansal gelişme endeksi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, değişkenlerin durağanlık özelliklerini ve yapısal kırılma olasılığını belirlemek için ADF testi ve Zivot-Andrew testinin bir karışımı kullanılırken, değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli bağlantının belirlenmesi için ARDL kullanılmıştır. Veriler analiz edildiğinde, finansal gelişme endeksi ile yenilenebilir enerji arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Agbanike,T.F., Nwani, C., Uwazie, U.I., Anochiwa, L.I., & Enyoghasim, M.O. (2019). Banking Sector Development and Energy Consumption in Nigeria: Exploring the Causal Relationship and Its Implications. African Development Review, 31(3): 292-306.
  • Ali, H.S., Yusop, Z.P., & Hook, L.S. (2015). Financial Development and Energy Consumption Nexus in Nigeria: An Aplication of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Testing Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics Policy, 5(3):816-821.
  • Ankrah, I., & Lin, B. (2020). Renewable Energy Development In Ghana: Beyond Potentials And Commitment. Energy, 117356.
  • Anton, S.G., & Nucu, A.E.A. (2019). The Effect of Financial Development On Renewable Energy Consumption. A Panel Data Approach. Renewable Energy, 147(1): 330-338.
  • Arranz, M.A., & Escribano, A. (2000). COINTEGRATION TESTING UNDER STRUCTURAL BREAKS: A ROBUST EXTENDED ERROR CORRECTION MODEL. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62(1), 23-52.
  • Best, R. (2017). Switching Towards Coal Or Renewable Energy? The Effects of Financial Capital On Energy Transitions. Energy Economics, 63, 75-83.
  • Brunnschweiler, C.N. (2010). Finance For Renewable Energy: An Empirical Analysis of Developing And Transition Economies. Environment and Development Economics, 15 (3): 241-274.
  • Burakov, D., & Freidin, M. (2017). Financial Development, Economic Growth and Renewable Energy Consumption In Russia: A Vector Error Correction Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(6):39-47.
  • Çoban,S.,& Topcu, M. (2013). The Nexus Between Financial Development and Energy Consumption In the EU: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Energy Economics, 39, 81-88.
  • Danish, S. S., Baloch, M.A., & Lodhi,R.N. (2018). The Nexus Between Energy Consumption and Financial Development: Estimating the Role of Globalization In Next-11 Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25 (19): 18651-18661.
  • Denisova, V. (2020). Financial Development And Energy Consumption: Evidence From Germany. International Journal Of Energy Economics Policy, 10(2): 35-39.
  • Dimnwobi, S.K., Madichie, C.V., Ekesiobi, C., & Asongu, S.A. (2022). Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption In Nigeria. Renewable Energy, 192, 668-677.
  • Dumrul, Y. (2018). Estimating the Impact of The Financial Development On Energy Consumption: A Cointegration Analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(5): 294-299.
  • Eren, B.M., Taspinar, N., & Gokmenoglu, K.K. (2019). The Impact of Financial Development And Economic Growth On Renewable Energy Consumption: Empirical Analysis of India. Science of The Total Environment,663, 189-197.
  • Ergun, S.J., Owusu, P.A., & Rivas, M.F. (2019). Determinants of Renewable Energy Consumption In Africa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 15390-15405.
  • Furuoka F., Fi (2015). Financial Development And Energy Consumption: Evidence From A Heterogeneous Panel of Asian Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52,430-444.
  • Gaies B., Kaabia,O. R., Ayadi., Guesmi ,K. , & Abid,I. (2019). Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Is The MENA Region Different? Energy Policy,135:111000.
  • Hassine, M.B., & Harrathi, N. (2017). The Causal Links Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Financial Development And Foreign Trade In Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. International Journal of Energy Economics And Policy, 7(2):76-85.
  • Iorember, P.T., Goshit, G.G., & Dabwor, D.T. (2020). Testing The Nexus Between Renewable Energy Consumption And Environmental Quality In Nigeria: The Role of Broad- Based Financial Development. African Development Review, 32 (2): 163-175.
  • Islam,F., Shahbaz, M., Ahmed, A.U., & Alam M.M. (2013). Financial Development And Energy Consumption Nexus In Malaysia: A Multivariate Time Series Analysis. Economic Modelling, 30 435-441.
  • Ji,,Q.,& Zhang, D. (2019). How Much Does Financial Development Contribute To Renewable Energy Growth And Upgrading of Energy StructureIin China? Energy Policy, 128, 114-124.
  • Kassi, D.F., Sun, G., & Ding, N. (2020). Does Governance Quality Moderate The Finance- Renewable Energy-Growth Nexus? Evidence From Five Major Regions In The World. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 12152-12180.
  • Khan, H., Khan, I., & Binh, T.T. (2020). The Heterogeneity of Renewable Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission And Financial Development In The Globe: A Panel Quantile Regression Approach. Energy Reports, 6, 859-867.
  • Kutan, A.M., Paramati, S.R., Ummalla, M., & Zakari, A. (2017). Financing Renewable Energy Projects In Major Emerging Market Economies: Evidence In The Perspective of Sustainable Economic Development. Emerging Markets Finance And Trade, 54 (8):1761-1777.
  • Kwakwa, P.A. (2021). What Determines Renewable Energy Consumption? Startling Evidence From Ghana. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 15(1):101-118.
  • Lin, B., Omoju, O.E., & Okonkwo, J. (2016). Factors Influencing Renewable Electricity Consumption In China. Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 687-696.
  • Ma, X., & Fu, Q. (2020). The Influence of Financial Development On Energy Consumption: Worldwide Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4):1428.
  • Muhammad, S. (2019). Financial Development, Investment And Energy Consumption In Nigeria: ARDL Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 15(1):151-162.
  • Mukhtarov, S., Humbatova, S., Seyfullayev, I., & Kalbiyev Y. (2020). The Effect of Fnancial Development On Energy Consumption In The Case of Kazakhstan. Journal of Applied Economics, 23 (1): 75-88.
  • Nkalu, C.N., Ugwu, S.C., Asogwa, F.O., Kuma, M.P., & Onyeke, Q.O. (2020). Financial Development And Energy ConsumptionIin Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From Panel Vector Error Correction Model. Sage Open, 10(3):2158244.
  • Omojolaibi, J.A. (2016). Financing The Alternative: Renewable Energy In The Nigerian Economy. International Journal Of Environment And Sustainable Development, 15(2): 183-200.
  • Ouyang, Y., & Li, P. (2018). On The Nexus of Financial Development, Economic Growth, And Energy Consumption In China: New Perspective From A GMM Panel VAR Approach. Energy Economics, 71, 238-252.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounding Testing Approach To The Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3): 289-326.
  • Qamruzzaman, M., & Jianguo, W. (2020). The Asymmetric Relationship Between Financial Development, Trade Openness, Foreign Capital Fows, And Renewable Energy Consumption: Fresh Evidence From Panel NARDL Investigation. Renewable Energy, 159, 827-842.
  • Raza, S.A., Shah, N., Qureshi, M.A., Qaiser, S., Ali, R., & Ahmed, F. (2020). Non-Linear Threshold Effect of Financial Development On Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence From Panel Smooth Transition Regression Approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 32034-32047.
  • Razmi, S.F., Bajgiran, B.R., Behname, M., Salari, T.E., & Razmi, S.M.J. (2020). The Relationship of Renewable Energy Consumption To Stock Market Development And Economic Growth In Iran. Renewable Energy, 145, 2019-2024.
  • Sadorsky,P. (2010).The Impact of Financial Development On Energy Consumption In Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 38 (5):2528-2535.
  • Sadorsky,P. (2011). Financial Development And Energy Consumption In Central And Eastern European Frontier Economies. Energy Policy, 39 (2): 999-1006.
  • Saibu, O.M., & Omoju, O.E. (2016). Macroeconomic Determinants of Renewable Electricity Technology Adoption In Nigeria. Economic And Environmental Studies, 16(1): 65-83.
  • Shahbaz, M., Mallick, H., Mahalik, M.K., & Sadorsky, P. (2016). The Role of Globalization On The Recent Evolution of Energy Demand In India: Implications For Sustainable Development. Energy Economics, 55, 52-68.
  • Shahbaz, M., Hoang, T.H.V., Mahalik, M.K., & Roubaud, D. (2017). Energy Consumption, Financial Development And Economic Growth In India: New Evidence From A Nonlinear And Asymmetric Analysis. Energy Economics, 63, 199-212.
  • Svirydzenka, K. (2016). Introducing A New Base Index of Financial Development In IMF. Working Paper WP/16/5.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J.P., & Vadlamannati, K.C. (2009). Does Higher Economic And Fiinancial Development Lead To Environmental Degradation: Evidence From BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, 37 (1):246-253.
  • Topcu, M., & Payne, J.E. (2017). The Financial Development-Energy Consumption Nexus Revisited. Energy Sources, Part B: Energy Economics, Planning and Policy, 12 (9):822-830.
  • Wu, L., & Broadstock, D.C. (2015). Does Economic, Financial And Institutional Development Matter For Renewable Energy Consumption? Evidence From Emerging Economies. International Journal of Economic Policy In Emerging Economies, 8(1):20-39.
  • Zivot, E., & Andrew, D.W.K. (1992). Further Evidence On The Great Crash, The Oil Price Shock And The Unit Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10 (3): 251-270.
  • https://data.imf.org/?sk=F8032E80-B36C-43B1-AC26-493C5B1CD33B&sId=1485894037365 (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FR.INR.DPST?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)

IS THERE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY? APPLICATION FOR TURKEY

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 43, 379 - 407, 19.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1229257

Öz

Energy is among the main factors sustainable development of countries and increasing the welfare level of individuals. When Scottish inventor James Watt used the steam machine efficient way for the first time in Britain in the 1760s after the industrial revolution in Britain and with the use of coal and oil from the beginning of the early 20th century, coal and oil came to the fore as the most prominent sources for modern times. However, especially the developed countries led by industrialized countries have been in search of new energy sources because these resources are limited and consumed in high amounts. In the present study, the effect of financial development on renewable energy development in Turkey was questioned by using annual data from 1990 to 2020. To capture the multidimensional nature of financial development sufficiently, the extensive Financial Development Index, which was developed by Svirydzenka, which captured financial access, depth, and effectiveness, which is superior to traditional indicators, was used in the study. A mixture of the ADF Test and the Zivot-Andrew Test was used to determine the stability characteristics of the variables and the possibility of structural breakage, and the ARDL was used to determine the long-term associations between the variables. When the data were analyzed, a significant and negative relationship was detected between finance, development index, and renewable energy.

Kaynakça

  • Agbanike,T.F., Nwani, C., Uwazie, U.I., Anochiwa, L.I., & Enyoghasim, M.O. (2019). Banking Sector Development and Energy Consumption in Nigeria: Exploring the Causal Relationship and Its Implications. African Development Review, 31(3): 292-306.
  • Ali, H.S., Yusop, Z.P., & Hook, L.S. (2015). Financial Development and Energy Consumption Nexus in Nigeria: An Aplication of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Testing Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics Policy, 5(3):816-821.
  • Ankrah, I., & Lin, B. (2020). Renewable Energy Development In Ghana: Beyond Potentials And Commitment. Energy, 117356.
  • Anton, S.G., & Nucu, A.E.A. (2019). The Effect of Financial Development On Renewable Energy Consumption. A Panel Data Approach. Renewable Energy, 147(1): 330-338.
  • Arranz, M.A., & Escribano, A. (2000). COINTEGRATION TESTING UNDER STRUCTURAL BREAKS: A ROBUST EXTENDED ERROR CORRECTION MODEL. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62(1), 23-52.
  • Best, R. (2017). Switching Towards Coal Or Renewable Energy? The Effects of Financial Capital On Energy Transitions. Energy Economics, 63, 75-83.
  • Brunnschweiler, C.N. (2010). Finance For Renewable Energy: An Empirical Analysis of Developing And Transition Economies. Environment and Development Economics, 15 (3): 241-274.
  • Burakov, D., & Freidin, M. (2017). Financial Development, Economic Growth and Renewable Energy Consumption In Russia: A Vector Error Correction Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(6):39-47.
  • Çoban,S.,& Topcu, M. (2013). The Nexus Between Financial Development and Energy Consumption In the EU: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Energy Economics, 39, 81-88.
  • Danish, S. S., Baloch, M.A., & Lodhi,R.N. (2018). The Nexus Between Energy Consumption and Financial Development: Estimating the Role of Globalization In Next-11 Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25 (19): 18651-18661.
  • Denisova, V. (2020). Financial Development And Energy Consumption: Evidence From Germany. International Journal Of Energy Economics Policy, 10(2): 35-39.
  • Dimnwobi, S.K., Madichie, C.V., Ekesiobi, C., & Asongu, S.A. (2022). Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption In Nigeria. Renewable Energy, 192, 668-677.
  • Dumrul, Y. (2018). Estimating the Impact of The Financial Development On Energy Consumption: A Cointegration Analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(5): 294-299.
  • Eren, B.M., Taspinar, N., & Gokmenoglu, K.K. (2019). The Impact of Financial Development And Economic Growth On Renewable Energy Consumption: Empirical Analysis of India. Science of The Total Environment,663, 189-197.
  • Ergun, S.J., Owusu, P.A., & Rivas, M.F. (2019). Determinants of Renewable Energy Consumption In Africa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 15390-15405.
  • Furuoka F., Fi (2015). Financial Development And Energy Consumption: Evidence From A Heterogeneous Panel of Asian Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52,430-444.
  • Gaies B., Kaabia,O. R., Ayadi., Guesmi ,K. , & Abid,I. (2019). Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Is The MENA Region Different? Energy Policy,135:111000.
  • Hassine, M.B., & Harrathi, N. (2017). The Causal Links Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Financial Development And Foreign Trade In Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. International Journal of Energy Economics And Policy, 7(2):76-85.
  • Iorember, P.T., Goshit, G.G., & Dabwor, D.T. (2020). Testing The Nexus Between Renewable Energy Consumption And Environmental Quality In Nigeria: The Role of Broad- Based Financial Development. African Development Review, 32 (2): 163-175.
  • Islam,F., Shahbaz, M., Ahmed, A.U., & Alam M.M. (2013). Financial Development And Energy Consumption Nexus In Malaysia: A Multivariate Time Series Analysis. Economic Modelling, 30 435-441.
  • Ji,,Q.,& Zhang, D. (2019). How Much Does Financial Development Contribute To Renewable Energy Growth And Upgrading of Energy StructureIin China? Energy Policy, 128, 114-124.
  • Kassi, D.F., Sun, G., & Ding, N. (2020). Does Governance Quality Moderate The Finance- Renewable Energy-Growth Nexus? Evidence From Five Major Regions In The World. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 12152-12180.
  • Khan, H., Khan, I., & Binh, T.T. (2020). The Heterogeneity of Renewable Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission And Financial Development In The Globe: A Panel Quantile Regression Approach. Energy Reports, 6, 859-867.
  • Kutan, A.M., Paramati, S.R., Ummalla, M., & Zakari, A. (2017). Financing Renewable Energy Projects In Major Emerging Market Economies: Evidence In The Perspective of Sustainable Economic Development. Emerging Markets Finance And Trade, 54 (8):1761-1777.
  • Kwakwa, P.A. (2021). What Determines Renewable Energy Consumption? Startling Evidence From Ghana. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 15(1):101-118.
  • Lin, B., Omoju, O.E., & Okonkwo, J. (2016). Factors Influencing Renewable Electricity Consumption In China. Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 687-696.
  • Ma, X., & Fu, Q. (2020). The Influence of Financial Development On Energy Consumption: Worldwide Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4):1428.
  • Muhammad, S. (2019). Financial Development, Investment And Energy Consumption In Nigeria: ARDL Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 15(1):151-162.
  • Mukhtarov, S., Humbatova, S., Seyfullayev, I., & Kalbiyev Y. (2020). The Effect of Fnancial Development On Energy Consumption In The Case of Kazakhstan. Journal of Applied Economics, 23 (1): 75-88.
  • Nkalu, C.N., Ugwu, S.C., Asogwa, F.O., Kuma, M.P., & Onyeke, Q.O. (2020). Financial Development And Energy ConsumptionIin Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From Panel Vector Error Correction Model. Sage Open, 10(3):2158244.
  • Omojolaibi, J.A. (2016). Financing The Alternative: Renewable Energy In The Nigerian Economy. International Journal Of Environment And Sustainable Development, 15(2): 183-200.
  • Ouyang, Y., & Li, P. (2018). On The Nexus of Financial Development, Economic Growth, And Energy Consumption In China: New Perspective From A GMM Panel VAR Approach. Energy Economics, 71, 238-252.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounding Testing Approach To The Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3): 289-326.
  • Qamruzzaman, M., & Jianguo, W. (2020). The Asymmetric Relationship Between Financial Development, Trade Openness, Foreign Capital Fows, And Renewable Energy Consumption: Fresh Evidence From Panel NARDL Investigation. Renewable Energy, 159, 827-842.
  • Raza, S.A., Shah, N., Qureshi, M.A., Qaiser, S., Ali, R., & Ahmed, F. (2020). Non-Linear Threshold Effect of Financial Development On Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence From Panel Smooth Transition Regression Approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 32034-32047.
  • Razmi, S.F., Bajgiran, B.R., Behname, M., Salari, T.E., & Razmi, S.M.J. (2020). The Relationship of Renewable Energy Consumption To Stock Market Development And Economic Growth In Iran. Renewable Energy, 145, 2019-2024.
  • Sadorsky,P. (2010).The Impact of Financial Development On Energy Consumption In Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 38 (5):2528-2535.
  • Sadorsky,P. (2011). Financial Development And Energy Consumption In Central And Eastern European Frontier Economies. Energy Policy, 39 (2): 999-1006.
  • Saibu, O.M., & Omoju, O.E. (2016). Macroeconomic Determinants of Renewable Electricity Technology Adoption In Nigeria. Economic And Environmental Studies, 16(1): 65-83.
  • Shahbaz, M., Mallick, H., Mahalik, M.K., & Sadorsky, P. (2016). The Role of Globalization On The Recent Evolution of Energy Demand In India: Implications For Sustainable Development. Energy Economics, 55, 52-68.
  • Shahbaz, M., Hoang, T.H.V., Mahalik, M.K., & Roubaud, D. (2017). Energy Consumption, Financial Development And Economic Growth In India: New Evidence From A Nonlinear And Asymmetric Analysis. Energy Economics, 63, 199-212.
  • Svirydzenka, K. (2016). Introducing A New Base Index of Financial Development In IMF. Working Paper WP/16/5.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J.P., & Vadlamannati, K.C. (2009). Does Higher Economic And Fiinancial Development Lead To Environmental Degradation: Evidence From BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, 37 (1):246-253.
  • Topcu, M., & Payne, J.E. (2017). The Financial Development-Energy Consumption Nexus Revisited. Energy Sources, Part B: Energy Economics, Planning and Policy, 12 (9):822-830.
  • Wu, L., & Broadstock, D.C. (2015). Does Economic, Financial And Institutional Development Matter For Renewable Energy Consumption? Evidence From Emerging Economies. International Journal of Economic Policy In Emerging Economies, 8(1):20-39.
  • Zivot, E., & Andrew, D.W.K. (1992). Further Evidence On The Great Crash, The Oil Price Shock And The Unit Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10 (3): 251-270.
  • https://data.imf.org/?sk=F8032E80-B36C-43B1-AC26-493C5B1CD33B&sId=1485894037365 (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
  • https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FR.INR.DPST?locations=TR (erişim tarihi 23/11/2022)
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cumhur Şahin 0000-0002-8790-5851

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 43

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, C. (2023). FİNANSAL GELİŞME VE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ ARASINDA BİR İLİŞKİ VAR MIDIR? TÜRKİYE İÇİN UYGULAMA. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(43), 379-407. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1229257