Terörizm ve Petrol Fiyatları: Ekonomik Bir Değerlendirme
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 80 - 90, 30.06.2021
Çetin İzgi
,
Dilşad Huriye Kayıran İzgi
Öz
Terörizm, sosyal ve siyasi gayeler elde etmek arzusu ile geniş toplulukları negatif etkileyen ve ulusların makroekonomik boyutta olumsuz dinamiklere sahip olmasına neden olan kişiler veya ulusaltı oluşumlar aracılığıyla önceden planlanmış şiddet ve tehdit fiilleridir. Bu araştırma, terörizmin ekonomi üzerindeki etkisini incelerken bir yandan da petrol piyasaları üzerindeki etkisine odaklanmıştır. Terör saldırılarının yeri ile en yakın petrol tesisleri arasındaki mesafe dahil olmak üzere, saldırı ve bombalamalarda petrol fiyatlarının anormal bir şekilde geri dönüşlerinin sonucu ile makroekonomik değişkenler üzerindeki olumsuz etki çok net olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the Basque Country. American economic review, 93(1), 113-132.
- Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J. (2008). Terrorism and the world economy. European Economic Review, 52(1), 1-27.
- Açıkalın, S. (2010). Terör’ün Ekonomik Maliyeti: Diyarbakır Olayları Örneği. Usak Raporları, (10-1), 1-20.
- Altay, H., Ekinci, A. ve Peçe, M. A. (2013). Ortadoğu'da Terörün Ekonomik Etkileri: Türkiye, Misir ve Suudi Arabistan Üzerine Bir Inceleme. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (37).
- Barsky, R. B. and Kilian, L. (2004). Oil and the macroeconomy since the 1970s. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(4), 115-134.
- Başıbüyük, O. V. (2011). Terörle Mücadelede Mikro ve Makro Yaklaşımlar. Polis Akademisi Yayınları, Ankara.
- Berrebi, C. and Klor, E. F. (2005). The impact of terrorism across industries: An empirical study.
- Blomberg, S. B., Hess, G. D. and Orphanides, A. (2004). The macroeconomic consequences of terrorism. Journal of monetary economics, 51(5), 1007-1032.
- Blomberg, B., Hess, G. and Jackson, J. H. (2009). Terrorism and the returns to oil. Economics & Politics, 21(3), 409-432.
- Caşın, M. H. (2008). Uluslararası Terörizm, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Chen, Andrew H. and Thomas F. Siems. 2004. The Effects of Terrorism on Global Capital Markets. European Journal of Political Economy 20 (2): 349–366.
- Chesney, M., Reshetar, G. and Karaman, M. (2011). The impact of terrorism on financial markets: An empirical study. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(2), 253-267.
- Eckstein, Z. and Tsiddon, D. (2004). Macroeconomic consequences of terror: theory and the case of Israel. Journal of monetary economics, 51(5), 971-1002.
- Eldor, Rafi, and Rafi Melnick, 2004, Financial markets and terrorism. European Journal of Political Economy 20, 367–386.
- Frey, B. S., Luechinger, S. and Stutzer, A. (2007). Calculating tragedy: Assessing the costs of terrorism. Journal of Economic Surveys, 21(1), 1-24.
- Giray, F. (2004), Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 181-196.
- Gökbunar, R. ve Gökbunar, A. (2010), Terör Ekonomisi, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Gupta, S., Clements, B., Bhattacharya, R. and Chakravarti, S. (2007). Fiscal consequences of armed conflict and terrorism in low-and middle-income countries (pp. 201-222). Routledge.
- Johnston, R. Barry and Oana M. Nedelescu. (2005). The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets. IMF Working Paper: WP/05/60.
- Kalb, D., Van der Land, M., Staring, R., Wilterdink, N. and Van Steenbergen, B. (Eds.). (2000). The ends of globalization: bringing society back in. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Khan, A., & Estrada, M. A. R. (2016). The effects of terrorism on economic performance: the case of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Quality & Quantity, 50(4), 1645-1661.
- Kılıç, Z. (2007). Küreselleşme İle İvme Kazanan Uluslar Arası Terörizm Ve Buna Karsı Alınan Tedbirler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniv. Sos. Bil. Enst. Uluslararası İlişkiler ABD, Isparta.
- Kilian, L. (2009). Not all oil price shocks are alike: Disentangling demand and supply shocks in the crude oil market. American Economic Review, 99(3), 1053-69.
- Kollias, C., Papadamou, S., & Stagiannis, A. (2011). Terrorism and capital markets: The effects of the Madrid and London bomb attacks. International Review of Economics & Finance, 20(4), 532-541.
- Kollias, C., Kyrtsou, C., & Papadamou, S. (2013). The effects of terrorism and war on the oil price–stock index relationship. Energy Economics, 40, 743-752.
- Koss, Richard A. (2002). The Financial Market Consequences of 9/11, The Journal of Risk Finance, 4, 37-41.
- Michael, S. (2007). Terrorism a socio-economic and political phenomenon with special reference to Pakistan. Journal of management and social sciences, 3(1), 35-46.
- Orbaneja, J. R. V., Iyer, S. R. and Simkins, B. J. (2018). Terrorism and oil markets: A cross-sectional evaluation. Finance Research Letters, 24, 42-48.
- Persitz, D. (2007). The economic effects of terrorism: counterfactual analysis of the case of Israel. Work. Pap., Dep. Econ., Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Petroleum, B. (2016). BP statistical review of world energy June 2016. London: British Petroleum.
- Picardo, E. (2016). Don’t Hide from the Reality of How Terrorism Affects the Economy.
- Richman, V., Santos, M. R. and Barkoulas, J. T. (2005). Short-and long-term effects of the 9/11 event: the international evidence. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 8(07), 947-958.
- Sezgin, S. (2003). Savunma harcamaları, terörizm ve ekonomi. Stradigma Aylık Strateji ve Analiz E− Dergisi, 5, 1-5.
- Tavor, T. (2011). The impact of terrorist attacks on the capital market in the last decade. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(12).
- Topal, A. H. (2004). Uluslararası Hukukta Devlet Destekli Terörizme Karşı Kuvvet Kullanma. Doktara Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara
- Uslu, K. (2020). Stratejik Kaynak Petrol ve Terör İlişkisi Strategic Resource Oil and Terror Relationship. On Eurasian Economies 2020, 48.
- Vural, M. (2006). Terörün Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Olumsuz Etkileri: Karşılaştırmalı Diyarbakır Örneği. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kafkas Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Kars.
- Yeniçeri, Z., & Dönmez, A. (2008). Terörizm ve Terörist Algisi: Silahi Kimin Tuttugu Ne Kadar Etkili?. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 23(62), 93.
Terrorısm and Oıl Prıces: An Economıc Evaluatıon
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 80 - 90, 30.06.2021
Çetin İzgi
,
Dilşad Huriye Kayıran İzgi
Öz
Terrorism is the pre-planned acts of violence and threats through individuals or sub-national organizations that negatively affect large communities with the desire to achieve social and political goals and cause nations to have negative macroeconomic dynamics. This research focused on the impact of terrorism on the economy while examining its impact on oil markets. The negative impact on macroeconomic variables has been clearly identified as a result of the abnormal return of oil prices in attacks and bombings, including the distance between the location of the terrorist attacks and the nearest oil facilities.
Kaynakça
- Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the Basque Country. American economic review, 93(1), 113-132.
- Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J. (2008). Terrorism and the world economy. European Economic Review, 52(1), 1-27.
- Açıkalın, S. (2010). Terör’ün Ekonomik Maliyeti: Diyarbakır Olayları Örneği. Usak Raporları, (10-1), 1-20.
- Altay, H., Ekinci, A. ve Peçe, M. A. (2013). Ortadoğu'da Terörün Ekonomik Etkileri: Türkiye, Misir ve Suudi Arabistan Üzerine Bir Inceleme. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (37).
- Barsky, R. B. and Kilian, L. (2004). Oil and the macroeconomy since the 1970s. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(4), 115-134.
- Başıbüyük, O. V. (2011). Terörle Mücadelede Mikro ve Makro Yaklaşımlar. Polis Akademisi Yayınları, Ankara.
- Berrebi, C. and Klor, E. F. (2005). The impact of terrorism across industries: An empirical study.
- Blomberg, S. B., Hess, G. D. and Orphanides, A. (2004). The macroeconomic consequences of terrorism. Journal of monetary economics, 51(5), 1007-1032.
- Blomberg, B., Hess, G. and Jackson, J. H. (2009). Terrorism and the returns to oil. Economics & Politics, 21(3), 409-432.
- Caşın, M. H. (2008). Uluslararası Terörizm, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Chen, Andrew H. and Thomas F. Siems. 2004. The Effects of Terrorism on Global Capital Markets. European Journal of Political Economy 20 (2): 349–366.
- Chesney, M., Reshetar, G. and Karaman, M. (2011). The impact of terrorism on financial markets: An empirical study. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(2), 253-267.
- Eckstein, Z. and Tsiddon, D. (2004). Macroeconomic consequences of terror: theory and the case of Israel. Journal of monetary economics, 51(5), 971-1002.
- Eldor, Rafi, and Rafi Melnick, 2004, Financial markets and terrorism. European Journal of Political Economy 20, 367–386.
- Frey, B. S., Luechinger, S. and Stutzer, A. (2007). Calculating tragedy: Assessing the costs of terrorism. Journal of Economic Surveys, 21(1), 1-24.
- Giray, F. (2004), Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 181-196.
- Gökbunar, R. ve Gökbunar, A. (2010), Terör Ekonomisi, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Gupta, S., Clements, B., Bhattacharya, R. and Chakravarti, S. (2007). Fiscal consequences of armed conflict and terrorism in low-and middle-income countries (pp. 201-222). Routledge.
- Johnston, R. Barry and Oana M. Nedelescu. (2005). The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets. IMF Working Paper: WP/05/60.
- Kalb, D., Van der Land, M., Staring, R., Wilterdink, N. and Van Steenbergen, B. (Eds.). (2000). The ends of globalization: bringing society back in. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Khan, A., & Estrada, M. A. R. (2016). The effects of terrorism on economic performance: the case of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Quality & Quantity, 50(4), 1645-1661.
- Kılıç, Z. (2007). Küreselleşme İle İvme Kazanan Uluslar Arası Terörizm Ve Buna Karsı Alınan Tedbirler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniv. Sos. Bil. Enst. Uluslararası İlişkiler ABD, Isparta.
- Kilian, L. (2009). Not all oil price shocks are alike: Disentangling demand and supply shocks in the crude oil market. American Economic Review, 99(3), 1053-69.
- Kollias, C., Papadamou, S., & Stagiannis, A. (2011). Terrorism and capital markets: The effects of the Madrid and London bomb attacks. International Review of Economics & Finance, 20(4), 532-541.
- Kollias, C., Kyrtsou, C., & Papadamou, S. (2013). The effects of terrorism and war on the oil price–stock index relationship. Energy Economics, 40, 743-752.
- Koss, Richard A. (2002). The Financial Market Consequences of 9/11, The Journal of Risk Finance, 4, 37-41.
- Michael, S. (2007). Terrorism a socio-economic and political phenomenon with special reference to Pakistan. Journal of management and social sciences, 3(1), 35-46.
- Orbaneja, J. R. V., Iyer, S. R. and Simkins, B. J. (2018). Terrorism and oil markets: A cross-sectional evaluation. Finance Research Letters, 24, 42-48.
- Persitz, D. (2007). The economic effects of terrorism: counterfactual analysis of the case of Israel. Work. Pap., Dep. Econ., Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Petroleum, B. (2016). BP statistical review of world energy June 2016. London: British Petroleum.
- Picardo, E. (2016). Don’t Hide from the Reality of How Terrorism Affects the Economy.
- Richman, V., Santos, M. R. and Barkoulas, J. T. (2005). Short-and long-term effects of the 9/11 event: the international evidence. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 8(07), 947-958.
- Sezgin, S. (2003). Savunma harcamaları, terörizm ve ekonomi. Stradigma Aylık Strateji ve Analiz E− Dergisi, 5, 1-5.
- Tavor, T. (2011). The impact of terrorist attacks on the capital market in the last decade. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(12).
- Topal, A. H. (2004). Uluslararası Hukukta Devlet Destekli Terörizme Karşı Kuvvet Kullanma. Doktara Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara
- Uslu, K. (2020). Stratejik Kaynak Petrol ve Terör İlişkisi Strategic Resource Oil and Terror Relationship. On Eurasian Economies 2020, 48.
- Vural, M. (2006). Terörün Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Olumsuz Etkileri: Karşılaştırmalı Diyarbakır Örneği. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kafkas Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Kars.
- Yeniçeri, Z., & Dönmez, A. (2008). Terörizm ve Terörist Algisi: Silahi Kimin Tuttugu Ne Kadar Etkili?. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 23(62), 93.