Gelişimsel Dil Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Sosyodemografik ve Tıbbi Faktörler

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gelişimsel dil bozukluğu (GDB) tanısı alan 24-84 ay arası çocukların alıcı ve ifade edici dil gelişimlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve dil becerilerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Eylül 2022 - Eylül 2024 tarihleri arasında Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi Gelişimsel Pediatri Polikliniğine başvuran 24-84 ay arası, dil gelişiminde gecikme yakınması bulunan çocuklar dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada, çocukların Türkçe Erken Dil Gelişimi Testi (TEDİL) puanları ile sosyodemografik ve tıbbi geçmişleri arasındaki ilişki retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Çocukların tıbbi kayıtlarından TEDİL puanları, sosyodemografik bilgileri ve tıbbi özgeçmişleri geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Altta yatan nörogelişimsel bozuklukları, genetik sendromları, işitme kaybı veya santral sinir sistemi patolojisi olan çocuklar çalışmaya alınmamıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya gelişimsel dil bozukluğu tanısı almış 182 GDB olan çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Ortalama yaş 49.08 ± 15.8 aydır. Çocukların ortalama alıcı dil puanı 90.0 ± 12.7, ifade edici dil puanı 80.0 ± 11.4 olarak bulunmuştur. Tıbbi faktörler (prematüre doğum, düşük doğum ağırlığı, kronik hastalık) ile alıcı ve ifade edici dil puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0.05). Ancak, anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi ile TEDİL puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Çocuğun yaşının artmasıyla tıbbi faktörlerin etkisinin azaldığı ve çevresel faktörlerin, özellikle ebeveyn eğitiminin, dil gelişimi üzerindeki etkisinin arttığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, gelişimsel dil bozukluğu olan çocukların dil becerilerinin ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çocuk
• gelişimsel dil bozukluğu
• TEDİL

Sociodemographic and Medical Factors in Children with Developmental Language Disorders

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the receptive and expressive language development of children aged 24–84 months diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) and to determine the factors affecting their language skills. Materials and Methods: The study included children aged 24–84 months who applied to the Developmental Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between September 2022 and September 2024 with complaints of delayed language development. The relationship between the children’s scores on the Turkish Early Language Development Test (TEDİL) and their sociodemographic and medical histories was retrospectively examined. TEDİL scores, sociodemographic data, and medical histories were reviewed retrospectively from the children’s medical records. Children with underlying neurodevelopmental disorders, genetic syndromes, hearing loss, or central nervous system pathology were not included in the study. Results: A total of 182 children diagnosed with developmental language disorder were included in the study. The mean age was 49.08 ± 15.8 months. The average receptive language score was found to be 90.0 ± 12.7, and the average expressive language score was 80.0 ± 11.4. No significant relationship was observed between medical factors (premature birth, low birth weight, chronic illness) and the receptive and expressive language scores (p>0.05). However, a significant relationship was found between the parents’ education level and the TEDİL scores (p<0.05). It was observed that as the child’s age increased, the influence of medical factors decreased, whereas the impact of environmental factors, especially parental education, on language development increased. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the language skills of children with developmental language disorder are associated with the educational level of their parents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• children
• developmental language disorder
• TEDIL

Kaynakça

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