Klinik Araştırma

Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3 24 Şubat 2026
PDF İndir
TR EN

Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Öz

Aim: Head and neck cancers (HNC) frequently compromise swallowing, leading to early malnutrition that worsens with oncological therapies. Enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended to maintain energy-protein intake; however, evidence regarding its biochemical impact on systemic inflammation and nutritional markers in HNC remains limited. Material and Method: This retrospective observational study included 211 newly diagnosed adult HNC patients who required EN between January 2021 and December 2024. Patients with parenteral nutrition within four weeks, advanced organ failure, active infection, or prior head and neck surgery were excluded. Nutritional status was assessed with body mass index (BMI) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). EN was delivered via nasogastric tube, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, or combinations. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and prealbumin were measured before and after EN. Changes (ΔCRP, Δprealbumin) were analysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regression. Results: Median age was 60 years, and 69.2% were male. At baseline, 54.5% of patients were moderately or severely malnourished (SGA-B/C). EN was provided for a median of 12 days with a prescription of 32 kcal/kg/day and 1.6 g protein/kg/day. Median CRP declined from 61.7 to 22.3 mg/L (p < 0.001), while prealbumin increased from 0.140 to 0.196 g/dL (p < 0.001). Improvements were consistent across SGA strata. Longer feeding duration correlated with greater prealbumin recovery: ≤7 days +0.028 g/dL, 8–14 days +0.047 g/dL, >14 days +0.064 g/dL. Regression analysis identified feeding duration (β = +0.0015 g/dL/day, p = 0.001) and baseline prealbumin as independent predictors of biochemical response. The CRP-to-prealbumin ratio decreased substantially from 478.2 to 106.0, indicating improved inflammation–nutrition balance. Discussion: Sustained EN in HNC patients significantly improves systemic inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, with feeding duration being the key determinant of prealbumin recovery. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early and prolonged enteral support to optimise metabolic status and potentially enhance treatment tolerance in this high-risk population.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar, bu çalışma ile ilgili olarak herhangi bir çıkar çatışmalarının bulunmadığını beyan ederler. Çalışmamızda herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  1. 1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov 12;68(6):394–424.
  2. 2. Alshadwi A, Nadershah M, Carlson ER, Young LS, Burke PA, Daley BJ. Nutritional Considerations for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013 Nov;71(11):1853–60.
  3. 3. Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Oct;15(11):e493–503.
  4. 4. Luan CW, Yang HY, Tsai YT, Hsieh MC, Chou HH, Chen KS. Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio in Head and Neck Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2021 Feb 26;11(3):403. 134
  5. 5. Talwar B, Donnelly R, Skelly R, Donaldson M. Nutritional management in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016 May 12;130(S2):S32–40.
  6. 6. Crombie JM, Ng S, Spurgin AL, Ward EC, Brown TE, Hughes BGM. Swallowing outcomes and PEG dependence in head and neck cancer patients receiving definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy +/− chemotherapy with a proactive PEG: A prospective study with long term follow up. Oral Oncol. 2015 Jun;51(6):622–8.
  7. 7. Bossola M. Nutritional Interventions in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 5;7(1):265–76.
  8. 8. Arends J, Bodoky G, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Muscaritoli M, Selga G, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Non-surgical oncology. Clinical Nutrition. 2006 Apr;25(2):245–59.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Klinik Beslenme, Kulak Burun Boğaz

Bölüm

Klinik Araştırma

Yayımlanma Tarihi

24 Şubat 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Eylül 2025

Kabul Tarihi

8 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kutlu, B., Kütük, D., Koç, H., Arı, P., & Demirer, P. D. S. (2026). Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, 58(3), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1789378
AMA
1.Kutlu B, Kütük D, Koç H, Arı P, Demirer PDS. Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 2026;58(3):130-134. doi:10.20492/aeahtd.1789378
Chicago
Kutlu, Burak, Deniz Kütük, Hamit Koç, Pınar Arı, ve Prof Dr Seher Demirer. 2026. “Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 58 (3): 130-34. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1789378.
EndNote
Kutlu B, Kütük D, Koç H, Arı P, Demirer PDS (01 Şubat 2026) Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 58 3 130–134.
IEEE
[1]B. Kutlu, D. Kütük, H. Koç, P. Arı, ve P. D. S. Demirer, “Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study”, Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, c. 58, sy 3, ss. 130–134, Şub. 2026, doi: 10.20492/aeahtd.1789378.
ISNAD
Kutlu, Burak - Kütük, Deniz - Koç, Hamit - Arı, Pınar - Demirer, Prof Dr Seher. “Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 58/3 (01 Şubat 2026): 130-134. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1789378.
JAMA
1.Kutlu B, Kütük D, Koç H, Arı P, Demirer PDS. Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 2026;58:130–134.
MLA
Kutlu, Burak, vd. “Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, c. 58, sy 3, Şubat 2026, ss. 130-4, doi:10.20492/aeahtd.1789378.
Vancouver
1.Burak Kutlu, Deniz Kütük, Hamit Koç, Pınar Arı, Prof Dr Seher Demirer. Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 01 Şubat 2026;58(3):130-4. doi:10.20492/aeahtd.1789378