Klinik Araştırma
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Baş-Boyun Kanserli Hastalarda Enteral Beslenmenin İnflamatuvar ve Nütrisyonel Biyobelirteçler Üzerine Etkisi: Retrospektif Kohort Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 130 - 134, 24.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA23EA66NP

Öz

Amaç: Baş-boyun kanserleri (BBK), yutma fonksiyonunu sıklıkla bozarak erken dönemde malnütrisyona yol açar ve bu durum onkolojik tedavilerle daha da derinleşir. Enerji-protein alımını sürdürmek için enteral beslenme (EB) önerilmektedir; ancak EB’nin sistemik inflamasyon ve nütrisyonel biyobelirteçler üzerindeki biyokimyasal etkilerine dair kanıtlar sınırlıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif gözlemsel çalışmaya Ocak 2021–Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında EB gereksinimi olan, yeni tanı almış 211 erişkin BBK hastası dahil edildi. Son dört hafta içinde parenteral beslenme öyküsü, ileri organ yetmezliği, aktif enfeksiyon veya geçirilmiş baş-boyun cerrahisi olanlar dışlandı. Nütrisyonel durum, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve Subjektif Global Değerlendirme (SGA) ile belirlendi. EB; nazogastrik tüp, gastrostomi, jejunostomi veya kombinasyonları ile uygulandı. Serum C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve prealbümin düzeyleri EB öncesi ve sonrası ölçüldü. Değişimler (ΔCRP, Δprealbümin) parametrik olmayan testler ve çoklu regresyon ile analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Hastaların medyan yaşı 60 olup %69,2’si erkekti. Başlangıçta %54,5’i SGA-B/C ile malnütrisyonlu olarak sınıflandı. Medyan EB süresi 12 gündü; reçeteler 32 kcal/kg/gün ve 1,6 g protein/kg/gün sağladı. Medyan CRP 61,7’den 22,3 mg/L’ye gerilerken (p < 0,001), prealbümin 0,140’tan 0,196 g/dL’ye yükseldi (p < 0,001). İyileşmeler tüm SGA gruplarında benzerdi. Daha uzun EB süresi daha belirgin prealbümin artışı ile ilişkiliydi: ≤7 gün +0,028 g/dL, 8–14 gün +0,047 g/dL, >14 gün +0,064 g/dL. Regresyon analizinde EB süresi (β = +0,0015 g/dL/gün, p = 0,001) ve başlangıç prealbümin düzeyi bağımsız belirleyicilerdi. CRP/prealbümin oranı 478,2’den 106,0’a düşerek inflamasyon–nütrisyon dengesinde anlamlı iyileşme gösterdi.

Tartışma: BBK hastalarında enteral beslenme, inflamatuvar ve nütrisyonel biyobelirteçleri anlamlı biçimde iyileştirmektedir.

Sonuç: Özellikle beslenme süresi, prealbümin yükselmesinde temel belirleyici olup, erken ve uzun süreli EB’nin metabolik durumu optimize etmede ve tedavi toleransını artırmada kritik öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov 12;68(6):394–424.
  • 2. Alshadwi A, Nadershah M, Carlson ER, Young LS, Burke PA, Daley BJ. Nutritional Considerations for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013 Nov;71(11):1853–60.
  • 3. Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Oct;15(11):e493–503.
  • 4. Luan CW, Yang HY, Tsai YT, Hsieh MC, Chou HH, Chen KS. Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio in Head and Neck Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2021 Feb 26;11(3):403. 134
  • 5. Talwar B, Donnelly R, Skelly R, Donaldson M. Nutritional management in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016 May 12;130(S2):S32–40.
  • 6. Crombie JM, Ng S, Spurgin AL, Ward EC, Brown TE, Hughes BGM. Swallowing outcomes and PEG dependence in head and neck cancer patients receiving definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy +/− chemotherapy with a proactive PEG: A prospective study with long term follow up. Oral Oncol. 2015 Jun;51(6):622–8.
  • 7. Bossola M. Nutritional Interventions in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 5;7(1):265–76.
  • 8. Arends J, Bodoky G, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Muscaritoli M, Selga G, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Non-surgical oncology. Clinical Nutrition. 2006 Apr;25(2):245–59.
  • 9. Bossola M. Nutritional Interventions in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 5;7(1):265–76.
  • 10. Talwar B, Donnelly R, Skelly R, Donaldson M. Nutritional management in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016 May 12;130(S2):S32–40.
  • 11. Xie Q, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Yang Y, Kuang D, You H, et al. The ratio of CRP to prealbumin levels predict mortality in patients with hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. BMC Nephrol. 2011 Dec 29;12(1):30.
  • 12. Pinilla JC, Hayes P, Laverty W, Arnold C, Laxdal V. The C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio correlates with the severity of multiple organ dysfunction. Surgery. 1998 Oct;124(4):799–806.

Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 130 - 134, 24.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA23EA66NP

Öz

Aim: Head and neck cancers (HNC) frequently compromise swallowing, leading to early malnutrition that worsens with oncological therapies. Enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended to maintain energy-protein intake; however, evidence regarding its biochemical impact on systemic inflammation and nutritional markers in HNC remains limited.
Material and Method: This retrospective observational study included 211 newly diagnosed adult HNC patients who required EN between January 2021 and December 2024. Patients with parenteral nutrition within four weeks, advanced organ failure, active infection, or prior head and neck surgery were excluded. Nutritional status was assessed with body mass index (BMI) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). EN was delivered via nasogastric tube, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, or combinations. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and prealbumin were measured before and after EN. Changes (ΔCRP, Δprealbumin) were analysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regression.
Results: Median age was 60 years, and 69.2% were male. At baseline, 54.5% of patients were moderately or severely malnourished (SGA-B/C). EN was provided for a median of 12 days with a prescription of 32 kcal/kg/day and 1.6 g protein/kg/day. Median CRP declined from 61.7 to 22.3 mg/L (p < 0.001), while prealbumin increased from 0.140 to 0.196 g/dL (p < 0.001). Improvements were consistent across SGA strata. Longer feeding duration correlated with greater prealbumin recovery: ≤7 days +0.028 g/dL, 8–14 days +0.047 g/dL, >14 days +0.064 g/dL. Regression analysis identified feeding duration (β = +0.0015 g/dL/day, p = 0.001) and baseline prealbumin as independent predictors of biochemical response. The CRP-to-prealbumin ratio decreased substantially from 478.2 to 106.0, indicating improved inflammation–nutrition balance.
Discussion: Sustained EN in HNC patients significantly improves systemic inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, with feeding duration being the key determinant of prealbumin recovery.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early and prolonged enteral support to optimise metabolic status and potentially enhance treatment tolerance in this high-risk population.

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar, bu çalışma ile ilgili olarak herhangi bir çıkar çatışmalarının bulunmadığını beyan ederler. Çalışmamızda herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov 12;68(6):394–424.
  • 2. Alshadwi A, Nadershah M, Carlson ER, Young LS, Burke PA, Daley BJ. Nutritional Considerations for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013 Nov;71(11):1853–60.
  • 3. Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Oct;15(11):e493–503.
  • 4. Luan CW, Yang HY, Tsai YT, Hsieh MC, Chou HH, Chen KS. Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio in Head and Neck Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2021 Feb 26;11(3):403. 134
  • 5. Talwar B, Donnelly R, Skelly R, Donaldson M. Nutritional management in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016 May 12;130(S2):S32–40.
  • 6. Crombie JM, Ng S, Spurgin AL, Ward EC, Brown TE, Hughes BGM. Swallowing outcomes and PEG dependence in head and neck cancer patients receiving definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy +/− chemotherapy with a proactive PEG: A prospective study with long term follow up. Oral Oncol. 2015 Jun;51(6):622–8.
  • 7. Bossola M. Nutritional Interventions in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 5;7(1):265–76.
  • 8. Arends J, Bodoky G, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Muscaritoli M, Selga G, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Non-surgical oncology. Clinical Nutrition. 2006 Apr;25(2):245–59.
  • 9. Bossola M. Nutritional Interventions in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 5;7(1):265–76.
  • 10. Talwar B, Donnelly R, Skelly R, Donaldson M. Nutritional management in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016 May 12;130(S2):S32–40.
  • 11. Xie Q, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Yang Y, Kuang D, You H, et al. The ratio of CRP to prealbumin levels predict mortality in patients with hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. BMC Nephrol. 2011 Dec 29;12(1):30.
  • 12. Pinilla JC, Hayes P, Laverty W, Arnold C, Laxdal V. The C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio correlates with the severity of multiple organ dysfunction. Surgery. 1998 Oct;124(4):799–806.
Toplam 12 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Beslenme, Kulak Burun Boğaz
Bölüm Klinik Araştırma
Yazarlar

Burak Kutlu 0000-0001-8392-0504

Deniz Kütük 0000-0002-9084-4869

Hamit Koç 0000-0003-4718-7450

Pınar Arı Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9717-9788

Prof Dr Seher Demirer 0000-0002-7051-7158

Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Şubat 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1789378
IZ https://izlik.org/JA23EA66NP
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA 1.Kutlu B, Kütük D, Koç H, Arı P, Demirer PDS. Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory and Nutritional Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 2026;58(3):130-134. doi:10.20492/aeahtd.1789378