Araştırma Makalesi

Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study

Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2 4 Eylül 2026
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Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study

Öz

AIM: This exploratory in vitro study examined whether controlled direct-current electric field (dcEF) exposure modulates glioma cell behavior through a restricted redox-responsive adaptive window rather than nonspecific cytotoxicity, focusing on proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and motility. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Human glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and U251, together with glioma stem cell–like (GSC-like) sphere cultures, were exposed to dcEFs using a biophysically validated platform approximating low-intensity electric field magnitudes reported during clinical transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The platform employed agar–saline bridges, COMSOL-based electric-field validation, and continuous thermal monitoring to minimize electrolysis, direct electrode contact, and thermal stress. Cells were stimulated at 100, 200, or 300 µA for 30 min/day over five consecutive days. Outcomes included viability (MTT), apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), intracellular ROS (DCFDA), migration, and invasion. ROS dependency was assessed using N-acetylcysteine (NAC). To distinguish specific motility suppression from generalized membrane damage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and live-cell normalized migration/invasion analyses were performed. RESULTS: dcEF exposure produced dose-dependent effects most prominent in U87MG cells. At 200 µA, a coordinated response emerged—moderate oxidative perturbation (+45% ROS), partial viability reduction (78%), and marked motility suppression (migration 38%; invasion 35%)—without overt LDH-defined cytotoxicity (12.8%). Live-cell normalized analysis confirmed that motility suppression exceeded viability loss. In contrast, 300 µA appeared to exceed this adaptive range, producing generalized cytotoxic stress (LDH 34.5%). NAC pretreatment attenuated ROS accumulation and apoptosis and partially rescued viability-adjusted motility, supporting a ROS-dependent contribution. U251 cells showed comparable responses, while GSC-like cultures exhibited attenuated oxidative and apoptotic responses. CONCLUSION: The findings support a threshold-dependent, redox-responsive model of dcEF exposure, in which biologically effective stimulation appears to occur within a restricted stress-adaptive range before transitioning into generalized cytotoxicity at higher intensities. This platform provides an exploratory, hypothesis-generating framework for studying controlled bioelectric regulation of glioma stress biology rather than nonspecific tumor ablation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted exclusively using in vitro cell culture models and did not involve human participants, patient data, or live animal experiments requiring institutional ethics committee approval.

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi (Nöroşirurji)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

4 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

16 Mayıs 2026

Kabul Tarihi

30 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ayhan, B., & Yıldırım, M. E. (2026). Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, 59(2), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1952896
AMA
1.Ayhan B, Yıldırım ME. Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 2026;59(2):99-106. doi:10.20492/aeahtd.1952896
Chicago
Ayhan, Berkay, ve Mehmet Emre Yıldırım. 2026. “Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study”. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 59 (2): 99-106. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1952896.
EndNote
Ayhan B, Yıldırım ME (01 Eylül 2026) Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 59 2 99–106.
IEEE
[1]B. Ayhan ve M. E. Yıldırım, “Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study”, Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, c. 59, sy 2, ss. 99–106, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.20492/aeahtd.1952896.
ISNAD
Ayhan, Berkay - Yıldırım, Mehmet Emre. “Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study”. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 59/2 (01 Eylül 2026): 99-106. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1952896.
JAMA
1.Ayhan B, Yıldırım ME. Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 2026;59:99–106.
MLA
Ayhan, Berkay, ve Mehmet Emre Yıldırım. “Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study”. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, c. 59, sy 2, Eylül 2026, ss. 99-106, doi:10.20492/aeahtd.1952896.
Vancouver
1.Berkay Ayhan, Mehmet Emre Yıldırım. Controlled Direct-Current Electric Field Exposure Reshapes Glioma Cell Stress Biology and Motility Within a Redox-Responsive Adaptive Window: An Exploratory In Vitro Study. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 01 Eylül 2026;59(2):99-106. doi:10.20492/aeahtd.1952896