Postpartum Hastalarda Postdural Ponksiyon Baş Ağrısı Yönetiminde Epidural Kan yamasına Alternatif Tedaviler

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1, 63 - 69, 30.03.2018

Gülçin Babaoğlu , Suna Akın Takmaz , Hülya Başar Bülent Baltacı

Öz

Doğumda
nöroaksiyel anestezi uygulamalarının artmasıyla birlikte en sık görülen
komplikasyon olan postdural ponksiyon baş ağrısı sıklığı da artmaktadır. Epidural
kan yaması altın standart tedavi olarak kabul edilse de epidural kan yamasını
reddeden, kontrendike olan ya da tedavinin başarısız olduğu hastalar mevcuttur.
Ayrıca minimal invaziv bir yöntem olmasına rağmen uygulama sonrası sırt
ağrısından kalıcı nörolojik sekel gibi geniş spektrumda  komplikasyonlarla karşılaşılabilir. Bu
makalede postdural ponksiyon baş ağrısı tedavisinde epidural kan yamasına
alternatif tedavi seçenekleri ve etkinlikleri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

postdural ponksiyon baş ağrısı tedavisi, epidural kan yaması

Alternative Treatments for Epidural Blood Patch in Postpartum Patients with Postdural Puncture Headache

Öz

With the increase of labor neuroaxial
anesthesia, the frequency of postdural puncture headache is also increasing,
which is the most common complication. Although the epidural blood patch is
accepted as the gold standard treatment, there are some situations epidural
blood patch can not be applied like patient refusal, treatment fail or
contraindications. It is a
minimal invasive method, but post-operative complications may be seen in  broad spectrum like back pain  and permanent neurological sequela. In this
article, alternative treatment options for epidural blood patch in postdural
puncture headacce are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Postdural puncture headache treatment, epidural blood patc

Kaynakça

• 1. Bier A. Experiments on the spinal cord cocainization. Arch Klin Chir Ver Dtsch Z Chir. 1899; 51: 361–8.
• 2. Fernández E. Headaches associated with low spinal fluid pressure. Headache. 1990; 30(3):122–8.
• 3. Silberstein SD, Marcelis J. Headache associated with changes in intracranial pressure. Headache. 1992; 32(2): 84–94.
• 4. Amorim JA, Gomes de Barros M V, Valença MM. Post-dural (post-lumbar) puncture headache: Risk factors and clinical features. Cephalalgia. 2012; 32(12): 916–23.
• 5. Morgenlander JC. Lumbar puncture and CSF examination. Answers to three commonly asked questions. Postgrad Med. 1994; 95(8): 125–8, 131.
• 6. Kuntz KM, Kokmen E, Stevens JC, Miller P, Offord KP, Ho MM. Post-lumbar puncture headaches: experience in 501 consecutive procedures. Neurology. 1992; 42(10): 1884–7.
• 7. Smedstad KG. Dealing with post-dural puncture headache — is it different in obstetrics? Can J Anaesth. 1998; 45(1): 6–9.
• 8. Harrington BE, Schmitt AM. Meningeal (Postdural) Puncture Headache, Unintentional Dural Puncture, and the Epidural Blood Patch. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009; 34(5): 430–7.
• 9. Munnur U, Suresh MS. Backache, headache, and neurologic deficit after regional anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin North America. 2003; 21(1): 71–86.
• 10. Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Ciapponi A, Munoz L, Roqué i Figuls M, Bonfill Cosp X. Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache. In: Arevalo-Rodriguez I, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013
• 11. Allen C, Glasziou P, Del Mar C. Bed rest: a potentially harmful treatment needing more careful evaluation. Lancet (London, England). 1999; 354(9186): 1229–33.
• 12. Ostheimer GW, Palahniuk RJ, Shnider SM. Letter: Epidural blood patch for post-lumbar-puncture headache. Anesthesiology. 1974; 41(3): 307–8.
• 13. Flaatten H, Rodt S, Rosland J, Vamnes J. Postoperative headache in young patients after spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1987; 42(2): 202–5.
• 14. Handler CE, Smith FR, Perkin GD, Rose FC. Posture and lumbar puncture headache: a controlled trial in 50 patients. J R Soc Med. 1982; 75(6): 404–7.
• 15. Mosavy SH, Shafei M. Prevention of headache consequent upon dural puncture in obstetric patient. Anaesthesia. 1975; 30(6): 807–9.
• 16. Turnbull DK, Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Br J Anaesth. 2003; 91(5): 718–29.
• 17. Canhão P, Batista P, Falcão F. Lumbar Puncture and Dural Sinus Thrombosis – A Causal or Casual Association? Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005; 19(1): 53–6.
• 18. Zeidan A, Farhat O, Maaliki H, Baraka A. Does postdural puncture headache left untreated lead to subdural hematoma? Case report and review of the literature. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2010; 20(4): 483–92.
• 19. Feuerstein TJ, Zeides A. Theophylline relieves headache following lumbar puncture. Placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study. Klin Wochenschr. 1986; 64(5): 216–8.
• 20. Mahoori A, Hassani E, Noroozinia H, Javaheri N, Hatami S. Theophylline versus acetaminophen in the treatment of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2013; 22(3): 289–92.
• 21. Noyan Ashraf MA, Sadeghi A, Azarbakht Z, Salehi S, Hamediseresht E. Evaluation of intravenous hydrocortisone in reducing headache after spinal anesthesia: a double blind controlled clinical study [corrected]. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2007; 19(2): 415–22.
• 22. Baysinger CL, Pope JE, Lockhart EM, Mercaldo ND. The management of accidental dural puncture and postdural puncture headache: a North American survey. J Clin Anesth. 2011; 23(5): 349–60.
• 23. Choi A, Laurito CE, Cunningham FE. Pharmacologic Management of Postdural Puncture Headache. Ann Pharmacother. 1996 Jul; 30(7–8): 831–9.
• 24. Blanchard J, Sawers SJ. The absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 24(1): 93–8.
• 25. Camann WR, Murray RS, Mushlin PS, Lambert DH. Effects of oral caffeine on postdural puncture headache. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 1990 Feb; 70(2): 181–4.
• 26. Bolton VE, Leicht CH, Scanlon TS. Postpartum seizure after epidural blood patch and intravenous caffeine sodium benzoate. Anesthesiology. 1989; 70(1): 146–9.
• 27. Cohen SM, Laurito CE, Curran MJ. Grand mal seizure in a postpartum patient following intravenous infusion of caffeine sodium benzoate to treat persistent headache. J Clin Anesth. 1992; 4(1): 48–51.
• 28. Stavchansky S, Combs A, Sagraves R, Delgado M, Joshi A. Pharmacokinetics of caffeine in breast milk and plasma after single oral administration of caffeine to lactating mothers. Biopharm Drug Dispos.1988; 9(3): 285–99.
• 29. Berlin CM, Denson HM, Daniel CH, Ward RM. Disposition of dietary caffeine in milk, saliva, and plasma of lactating women. Pediatrics. 1984; 73(1): 59–63.
• 30. Hill RM, Craig JP, Chaney MD, Tennyson LM, McCulley LB. Utilization of over-the-counter drugs during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1977; 20(2): 381–94.
• 31. Ergün U, Ünal-Artık HA, İnan LE, Yoldaş T. Intravenous theophylline rapidly decreases post-lumbar puncture headaches. Acta Neurol Belg . 2016; 116(3): 337–9.
• 32. Wu C, Lian Y, Guan D, Wang L, Miao Y, Xie N, et al. A Multicenter Clinical Study on Treating Post-Dural Puncture Headache with an Intravenous Injection of Aminophylline. Pain Physician. 2016; 19(5): E761-5.
• 33. Stec GP, Greenberger P, Ruo TI, Henthorn T, Morita Y, Atkinson AJ, et al. Kinetics of theophylline transfer to breast milk. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980; 28(3): 404–8.
• 34. Yurchak AM, Jusko WJ. Theophylline secretion into breast milk. Pediatrics. 1976; 57(4): 518–20.
• 35. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3): 776–89.
• 36. Basurto Ona X, Osorio D, Bonfill Cosp X. Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache. In: Basurto Ona X, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015
• 37. Hakim SM. Cosyntropin for prophylaxis against postdural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture. Anesthesiology. 2010; 113(2): 413–20.
• 38. Baysinger CL, Menk EJ, Harte E, Middaugh R. The successful treatment of dural puncture headache after failed epidural blood patch. Anesth Analg. 1986 Nov; 65(11): 1242–4.
• 39. Carter BL, Pasupuleti R. Use of intravenous cosyntropin in the treatment of postdural puncture headache. Anesthesiology. 2000; 92(1): 272–4.
• 40. Collier BB. Treatment for post dural puncture headache. Br J Anaesth. 1994; 72(3): 366–7.
• 41. Kshatri AM, Foster PA. Adrenocorticotropic hormone infusion as a novel treatment for postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth. 1997;22(5):432–4.
• 42. Cánovas L, Barros C, Gómez A, Castro M, Castro A. Use of intravenous tetracosactin in the treatment of postdural puncture headache: our experience in forty cases. Anesth Analg. 2002; 94(5): 1369.
• 43. Rucklidge MWM, Yentis SM, Paech MJ. Synacthen Depot for the treatment of postdural puncture headache. Anaesthesia. 2004; 59(2): 138–41.
• 44. Zeger W, Younggren B, Smith L. Comparison of cosyntropin versus caffeine for post-dural puncture headaches: A randomized double-blind trial. World J Emerg Med. 2012; 3(3): 182–5.
• 45. Alam MR, Rahman MA, Ershad R. Role of very short-term intravenous hydrocortisone in reducing postdural puncture headache. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2012; 28(2): 190–3.
• 46. Yousefshahi F, Dahmardeh AR, Khajavi M, Najafi A, Khashayar P, Barkhordari K. Effect of dexamethasone on the frequency of postdural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Acta Neurol Belg. 2012; 112(4): 345–50.
• 47. Doroudian MR, Norouzi M, Esmailie M, Tanhaeivash R. Dexamethasone in preventing post-dural puncture headache: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2011; 62(3): 143–6.
• 48. Hodgson C, Roitberg-Henry A. The use of sumatriptan in the treatment of postdural puncture headache. Anaesthesia. 1997; 52(8): 808.
• 49. Connelly NR, Parker RK, Rahimi A, Gibson CS. Sumatriptan in patients with postdural puncture headache. Headache. 2000; 40(4): 316–9.
• 50. Carp H, Singh PJ, Vadhera R, Jayaram A. Effects of the serotonin-receptor agonist sumatriptan on postdural puncture headache: report of six cases. Anesth Analg. 1994; 79(1): 180–2.
• 51. Wojnar-Horton RE, Hackett LP, Yapp P, Dusci LJ, Paech M, Ilett KF. Distribution and excretion of sumatriptan in human milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996; 41(3): 217–21.
• 52. Proutka S. Drugs effective in the therapy of migraine. In: Hardmen J, Limbird L, Molinoff P et al, editor. Goodman and Gillman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. new york: NY: McGraw Hill; 1996. p. 485–582.
• 53. Hakim S, Khan RM, Maroof M, Usmani H, Huda W, Jafri F. Methylergonovine maleate (methergine) relieves postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005; 84(1): 100.
• 54. Erkkola R, Kanto J, Allonen H, Kleimola T, Mäntylä R. Excretion of methylergometrine (methylergonovine) into the human breast milk. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 1978; 16(12): 579–80.
• 55. Weiss G, Klein S, Shenkman L, Kataoka K, Hollander CS. Effect of methylergonovine on puerperal prolactin secretion. Obstet Gynecol. 1975; 46(2): 209–10.
• 56. Perez-Lopez FR, Delvoye P, Denayer P, L’Hermite M, Roncero MC, Robyn C. Effect of methylergobasine maleate on serum gonadotrophin and prolactin in humans. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1975; 79(4): 644–57.
• 57. Erol D. The analgesic and antiemetic efficacy of gabapentin or ergotamine/caffeine for the treatment of postdural puncture headache. Adv Med Sci. 2011; 56(1): 25–9.
• 58. Erol DD. The effect of oral gabapentin on post-dural puncture headache. Acute Pain. 2006; 8: 169–73.
• 59. Wagner Y, Storr F, Cope S. Gabapentin in the treatment of post-dural puncture headache: a case series. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2012; 40(4): 714–8.
• 60. Sills GJ. The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006; 6(1): 108–13.
• 61. Ohman I, Vitols S, Tomson T. Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy? Epilepsia. 2005; 46(10): 1621–4.
• 62. Huseyinoglu U, Huseyinoglu N, Hamurtekin E, Aygun H, Sulu B. Effect of pregabalin on post-dural-puncture headache following spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture. J Clin Neurosci. 2011; 18(10): 1365–8.
• 63. El Kenany S, El Tahan MR. Effect of preoperative pregabalin on post-caesarean delivery analgesia: a dose-response study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016; 26: 24–31.
• 64. Belliotti TR, Capiris T, Ekhato IV, Kinsora JJ, Field MJ, Heffner TG, et al. Structure-activity relationships of pregabalin and analogues that target the alpha(2)-delta protein. J Med Chem. 2005; 48(7): 2294–307.
• 65. Chiechio S, Zammataro M, Caraci F, Rampello L, Copani A, Sabato AF, et al. Pregabalin in the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Clin Drug Investig. 2009; 29(3): 203–13.
• 66. Mahoori A, Noroozinia H, Hasani E, Saghaleini H. Comparing the effect of pregabalin, gabapentin, and acetaminophen on post-dural puncture headache. Saudi J Anaesth. 2014; 8(3): 374.
• 67. Lockwood PA, Pauer L, Scavone JM, Allard M, Mendes da Costa L, Alebic-Kolbah T, et al. The Pharmacokinetics of Pregabalin in Breast Milk, Plasma, and Urine of Healthy Postpartum Women. J Hum Lact. 2016; 32(3): NP1-NP8.
• 68. Brownridge P. The management of headache following accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1983; 11(1): 4–15.
• 69. Trivedi NS, Eddi D, Shevde K. Headache prevention following accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients. J Clin Anesth.1993; 5(1): 42–5.
• 70. Craft JB, Epstein BS, Coakley CS. Prophylaxis of dural-puncture headache with epidural saline. Anesth Analg. 1973; 52(2): 228–31.
• 71. Stevens RA, Jorgensen N. Successful treatment of dural puncture headache with epidural saline infusion after failure of epidural blood patch. Case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1988; 32(5): 429–31.
• 72. Moir DD. Recent advances in pain relief in childbirth. II. Regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1971; 43(9): 849–63.
• 73. Bart AJ, Wheeler AS. Comparison of epidural saline placement and epidural blood placement in the treatment of post-lumbar-puncture headache. Anesthesiology. 1978; 48(3): 221–3.
• 74. Vassal O, Baud MC, Bolandard F, Bonnin M, Vielle E, Bazin JE, et al. Epidural injection of hydroxyethyl starch in the management of postdural puncture headache. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2013; 22(2): 153–5.
• 75. Sun S, Huang S-Q. Epidural injection of hydroxyethyl starch in the management of post-dural puncture headache: a case series. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(5): 8254–8.
• 76. Crul BJ, Gerritse BM, van Dongen RT, Schoonderwaldt HC. Epidural fibrin glue injection stops persistent postdural puncture headache. Anesthesiology. 1999; 91(2): 576–7.
• 77. Gerritse BM, van Dongen RT, Crul BJ. Epidural fibrin glue injection stops persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak during long-term intrathecal catheterization. Anesth Analg. 1997; 84(5): 1140–1.
• 78. Najafi A, Emami S, Khajavi M, Etezadi F, Imani F, Lajevardi M, et al. Is epidural dexamethasone effective in preventing postdural puncture headache? Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwanica. 2014; 52(3): 95–100.
• 79. Cesur M, Alici HA, Erdem AF, Silbir F, Celik M. Decreased incidence of headache after unintentional dural puncture in patients with cesarean delivery administered with postoperative epidural analgesia. J Anesth. 2009; 23(1): 31–5.
• 80. Al-metwalli RR. Epidural morphine injections for prevention of post dural puncture headache. Anaesthesia. 2008; 63(8): 847–50.
• 81. Sharma A, Cheam E. Acupuncture in the management of post-partum headache following neuraxial analgesia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009; 18(4): 417–9.
• 82. Volkan Acar H, Uǧur Yüksel M, İnan N, Eruyar SG. Acupuncture for postdural puncture headache: Report of two cases. Chin J Integr Med. 2013; 19(7): 546–8.
• 83. Lin J-G, Lee Y-C, Tseng C-H, Chen D-Y, Shih C-Y, MacDonald I, et al. Electroacupuncture inhibits pruritogen-induced spinal microglial activation in mice. Brain Res. 2016; 1649: 23–9.
• 84. Tang Y, Yin H-Y, Rubini P, Illes P. Acupuncture-Induced Analgesia: A Neurobiological Basis in Purinergic Signaling. Neuroscientist . 2016; 22(6): 563–78.
• 85. Dietzel J, Witstruck T, Adler S, Usichenko TI. Acupuncture for treatment of therapy-resistant post-dural puncture headache: a retrospective case series. Br J Anaesth. 2013; 111(5): 847–9.
• 86. Takmaz SA, Inan N, Uçler S, Yazar MA, Inan L, Başar H. Greater occipital nevre block in migraine headache: preliminary results of 10 patients. Agri. 2008; 20(1): 47–50.
• 87. Vanderhoek MD, Hoang HT, Goff B. Ultrasound-guided greater occipital nerve blocks and pulsed radiofrequency ablation for diagnosis and treatment of occipital neuralgia. Anesthesiol pain Med. 2013; 3(2): 256–9.
• 88. Strauss L, Loder E, Rizzoli P. Transient Facial Nerve Palsy After Occipital Nerve Block: A Case Report. Headache J Head Face Pain. 2014; 54(10): 1651–5.
• 89. Matute E, Bonilla S, Gironés A, Planas A. Bilateral greater occipital nerve block for post-dural puncture headache. Anaesthesia . 2008; 63(5): 557–8.
• 90. Ashkenazi A, Levin M. Greater occipital nerve block for migraine and other headaches: is it useful? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2007; 11(3): 231–5.
• 91. Niraj G, Kelkar A, Girotra V. Greater occipital nerve block for postdural puncture headache (PDPH): A prospective audit of a modified guideline for the management of PDPH and review of the literature. J Clin Anesth. 2014; 26(7): 539–44.
• 92. Akyol F, Binici O, Kuyrukluyildiz U, Karabakan G. Ultrasound-guided bilateral greater occipital nerve block for the treatment of post-dural puncture headache. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2014; 31(1): 111–5.
• 93. Bogduk N. Cervicogenic headache: anatomic basis and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001; 5(4): 382–6.
• 94. Naja Z, Al-Tannir M, El-Rajab M, Ziade F, Baraka A. Nerve stimulator-guided occipital nerve blockade for postdural puncture headache. Pain Pract. 2009; 9(1): 51–8.
• 95. Afridi SK, Shields KG, Bhola R, Goadsby PJ. Greater occipital nerve injection in primary headache syndromes--prolonged effects from a single injection. Pain. 2006; 122(1–2): 126–9.
• 96. Kent S, Mehaffey G. Transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for the treatment of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients. J Clin Anesth. 2016; 34: 194–6.
• 97. Peterson JN, Schames J, Schames M, King E. Sphenopalatine ganglion block: a safe and easy method for the management of orofacial pain. Cranio. 1995; 13(3): 177–81.
• 98. Cohen S, Ramos D, Grubb W, Mellender S, Mohiuddin A, Chiricolo A. Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014; 39(6): 563.
• 99. Cohen S, Ramos D, Grubb W, Mellender S, Mohiuddin A, Chiricolo A. Sphenopalatine ganglion block: a safer alternative to epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014; 39(6): 563.
• 100. Edvinsson L. Innervation and effects of dilatory neuropeptides on cerebral vessels. New aspects. Blood Vessels.1991; 28(1–3): 35–45.