COVID-19 Nüks, Reenfeksiyon Sıklığı ve Vakaların Klinik Özellikleri

Abstract

Amaç: SARS-CoV-2 ile enfekte kişilerin virüse karşı bağışıklık yanıtının nasıl geliştiği ve ne kadar süreyle etkili olduğu pandemi döneminde en önemli sorulardan biridir. Bu çalışmada nüks ve yeniden enfeksiyon sıklığını, etkileyen faktörleri, vakaların klinik durumlarını ve semptomlarını değerlendirmeyi ve sonraki enfeksiyon şiddetini incelemeyi amaçladık.

Araçlar ve Yöntem: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Yönetim Sistemi (PHMS) kayıtlarının kullanıldığı tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. Klinik düzelme ile birlikte RT-PCR test sonuçları negatif çıkan ve ilk enfeksiyondan en az 45 gün sonra tekrar RT-PCR test sonucu pozitifleşen vakalar bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. CDC tarafından önerilen şekilde vakalar iki gruba ayrıldı: İlk enfeksiyondan 45-89 gün sonra pozitif olanlar nüks grubu ve 90 gün sonra pozitif olanlar yeniden enfeksiyon grubu olarak belirlendi. Demografik özellikler, sağlık çalışanı olup olmama, eşlik eden kronik hastalık ve tekrar pozitiflik dönemleri değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Toplam vaka sayısı 103.096 idi. 45 gün sonra tekrar pozitifliği saptanan vaka sayısı 78 oldu. Çalışmada nüks grubundaki (45-89 gün) vaka sayısı 49, reenfeksiyon grubundaki (90 gün üzeri) vaka sayısı 29 ise olarak belirlendi.

Sonuç: İkinci enfeksiyonda çok düşük reenfeksiyon oranı ve daha hafif semptomlar aşı çalışmaları için umut vericidir. COVID-19'un yeniden bulaşmasını anlamak, önümüzdeki aylarda hükümet ve halk sağlığı kararlarına rehberlik etmenin anahtarı olabilir.

Keywords

• epidemiyoloji
• SARS-CoV-2
• pandemi

COVID-19 Relapse and Reinfection Frequency, Clinical Features of Cases

Abstract

Purpose: How the immune response of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develops against the virus and how long its effectiveness is one of the most important questions during the pandemic period. We aimed to examine the frequency of relapse and re-infection, examine the influencing factors, evaluate the cases' clinical conditions and symptoms, and examine the severity of subsequent infection.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional type study using the Public Health Management System (PHMS) records of the Turkish Ministry of Health. Clinical improvement and negative RT-PCR test results, and positive RT-PCR test results at least 45 days after the first infection were included in this study. The cases were divided into two groups: the relapse group, those positive for 45-89 days after the first infection, and the reinfection group after 90 days recommended by the CDC. Demographic characteristics, whether or not to be a health worker, accompanying chronic illness, and re-positivity periods were evaluated.

Results: The total number of cases was 103.096. The number of cases with repeat positivity detected after 45 days was 78. In the study, the number of cases in the relapse group (45-89 days) was 49, while the number of cases in the reinfection group (over 90 days) was 29.

Conclusions: The very low rate of reinfection and milder symptoms in the second infection are promising for vaccination studies. Understanding the COVID-19 reinfection could be the key to guiding government and public health decisions in the coming months.

Keywords

• epidemiology
• pandemic
• SARS-CoV-2

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